Effects of dietary lysine level on the content and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat in late-stage finishing pigs

This study was conducted to investigate how dietary lysine level affects the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in late-stage finishing pigs. Nine crossbred barrows [94.4 ± 6.7 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to three treatment groups (n = 3). Three corn- and soybean-meal-based diets were formulated to meet the National Research Council (2012) requirements for various nutrients except for lysine, whose concentrations were 0.43%, 0.71%, and 0.98% (as-fed basis) for Diets 1 (lysine-deficient), 2 (lysine-adequate), and 3 (lysine-excess), respectively. After 5 wk of ad libitum access to diets, pigs were harvested and longissimus dorsi samples were collected. The IMF content and FA composition of the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results showed that the IMF content of the muscle was increased linearly (P < 0.05) with decreasing dietary lysine level from 0.98% to 0.43%. Dietary lysine level altered the composition of FA, especially the unsaturated FA, in the muscle. Particularly, the percentages of C18:1 n-9 and total monounsaturated FA were higher, whereas the percentages of C18:2 n-6 and total polyunsaturated FA were lower, in the muscle of the pigs fed Diet 1. Collectively, dietary lysine deficiency increased the proportion of monounsaturated FA and decreased the proportion of polyunsaturated FA, which may benefit pork palatability.

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099 Effect of dietary lysine on the skeletal muscle intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition of late-stage finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasmw.2017.099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

T. Wang ◽

M. S. Hasan ◽

M. A. Crenshaw ◽

A. T. Sukumaran ◽

T. Dinh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Late Stage ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

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Association of osteopontin gene with intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition traits in pigs

Veterinary Integrative Sciences ◽

10.12982/vis.2021.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 197-208

Author(s):

Nanthana Pothakam ◽

◽

Worrarak Norseeda ◽

Guisheng Liu ◽

Tawatchai Teltathum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Ether Extraction ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Imf Content

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein that is involved in the development of skeletal muscle and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to identify the polymorphism of the OPN gene and to analyze the association of the OPN gene with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in pigs. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples taken from the 10-11th rib were collected from a total of 328 Duroc pigs. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from LT muscle tissues using the phenol-chloroform method. IMF content was measured using the ether extraction method and FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. The porcine OPN polymorphisms were identified by DNA sequencing and were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association analysis of the OPN gene with IMF and FA composition traits was performed using a general linear model (GLM). Two polymorphic sites (OPN g.2442-2471indel and g.3836A>G) were found in the 5´-flanking region and intron 1 of the porcine OPN gene. The OPN g.2442-2471indel polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and ω3 FA levels (P<0.05). Moreover, OPN g.3836A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the linolenic acid levels in the muscles of pigs (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the OPN gene is important to IMF content, as well as linolenic and ω3 FA levels in pigs, and could be used as a candidate gene to improve fat deposition and fatty acid composition in the muscles of pigs.

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Association of IFNA16 and TNFRSF19 Polymorphisms with Intramuscular Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology11010109 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Supamit Mekchay ◽

Nanthana Pothakam ◽

Worrarak Norseeda ◽

Pantaporn Supakankul ◽

Tawatchai Teltathum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Arachidic Acid ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Crossbred Pigs ◽

Imf Content

Interferon-alpha-16 (IFNA16) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) are cytokines that may play a role in adipogenesis and fatness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the porcine IFNA16 and TNFRSF19 genes were verified and their association with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated in commercial crossbred pigs. Two non-synonymous SNPs of the porcine IFNA16 c.413G > A and TNFRSF19 c.860G > C loci were detected in commercial crossbred pigs. The porcine IFNA16 c.413G >A polymorphism was significantly associated with stearic acid, total saturated FAs (SFAs), and the ratio of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) to SFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the porcine TNFRSF19 c.860G > C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and arachidic acid levels (p < 0.05). The results revealed that porcine IFNA16 and TNFRSF19 polymorphisms are related to IMF content and/or FA composition and affirmed the importance of these cytokine genes as potential candidate genes for lipid deposition and FA composition in the muscle tissue of pigs.

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Novel Genomic Regions Associated with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition in Rabbits

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2090

Author(s):

Houda Laghouaouta ◽

Bolívar Samuel Sosa-Madrid ◽

Agostina Zubiri-Gaitán ◽

Pilar Hernández ◽

Agustín Blasco

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Correlated Response ◽

A Genome ◽

Genomic Variance ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Imf Content ◽

The Imf

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its composition affect the quality of meat. Selection for IMF generated a correlated response on its fatty acid composition. The increase of IMF content is associated with an increase of its saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, and consequently a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We carried out a genome wide association study (GWAS) for IMF composition on two rabbit lines divergently selected for IMF content, using a Bayes B procedure. Association analyses were performed using 475 individuals and 90,235 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The main objectives were to identify genomic regions associated with the IMF composition and to generate a list of candidate genes. Genomic regions associated with the intramuscular fatty acid composition were spread across different rabbit chromosomes (OCU). An important region at 34.0–37.9 Mb on OCU1 was associated with C14:0, C16:0, SFA, and C18:2n6, explaining 3.5%, 11.2%, 11.3%, and 3.2% of the genomic variance, respectively. Another relevant genomic region was found to be associated at 46.0–48.9 Mb on OCU18, explaining up to 8% of the genomic variance of MUFA/SFA. The associated regions harbor several genes related to lipid metabolism, such as SCD, PLIN2, and ERLIN1. The main genomic regions associated with the fatty acids were not previously associated with IMF content in rabbits. Nonetheless, MTMR2 is the only gene that was associated with both the IMF content and composition in rabbits. Our study highlighted the polygenic nature of the fatty acids in rabbits and elucidated its genetic background.

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Effect of intensive fattening of lambs with forages on the fatty acid profile of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1697-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 408-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

U. Kaczor ◽

B. Borys ◽

H. Pustkowiak

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Unfavourable Effect ◽

Health Quality

The effect of forage and breed of lambs on the fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat in m. longis-<br />simus lumborum (LL) and depot fat (SCF) above this muscle was investigated. The study was carried out in two replications on 36 Koluda sheep (KS) and Ile de France×KS (IF×KS) ram-lambs fattened intensively to 32–37 kg of body weight. Lambs were fed ad libitum the same concentrate mixture and different roughage supplements: grass hay in group C (control), field forage fed in a sheep house in group F, and pasture grazing (4 h/day) in group P. In the case of LL fat, the composition of fatty acids was found to deteriorate in lambs receiving forages compared to lambs from group C. Lambs grazed on pasture (P) had a higher content of LL fat (2.31 and 1.90% in P and C, respectively; P ≤ 0.05), a higher proportion of SFA (42.1 vs 39.6%; P ≤ 0.01), a similar proportion of MUFA, and a lower proportion of PUFA (10.4 vs 12.5%; P ≤ 0.05). With similar content of depot fat, changes in the FA composition of SCF fat were observed in F lambs compared to group C. Compared to C lambs, SCF of F and P lambs contained less SFA (5.16% vs 46.8; P ≤ 0.01 and 49.3%) and more MUFA (41.8% vs 45.6; P ≤ 0.01 and 43.6%), with a similar proportion of PUFA and higher CLA content in group P (by 17.8%). The crossing of KS with Ile de France meat rams did not result in any differences in LL fat content, with a generally unfavourable effect on FA composition and health quality parameters calculated on this basis. The present study showed an unfavourable effect of supplemental forage in intensive fattening of lambs on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. However, both variants of forage use had a generally favourable effect on the lipid profile of subcutaneous fat.

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Stray voltage: its influence on swine production during the fattening period

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas92-059 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Robert ◽

J. J. Matte ◽

J. Bertin-Mahieux ◽

G.-P. Martineau

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Observation Time ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Eating Frequency ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Fattening Period ◽

Ulcerative Lesions ◽

Stray Voltage

The effects of continuous stray voltage were evaluated on growing-finishing pigs between the ages of 10 and 12 wk. Seventy-two pigs were assigned to six blocks of 12 animals each. The following treatments were randomly distributed in each block according to a 2 × 3 factorial design: feeding level (A) (restricted or ad libitum) and voltage level (0, 5 or 8 volts) as a continuous difference of potential between feeder or drinker and the metallic floor). The total drinking time (P < 0.10) and the number of drinking bouts (P < 0.05) were lower in the 8-V group than in the 0-V group for restricted-fed pigs during the hour after feed distribution. The percentage of observation time spent drinking during light hours was reduced in the 5-V and 8-V groups at 18 (P < 0.01) and 20 wk (P < 0.05). However, it was only between 14 and 16 wk of age that water intake was lower in the voltage groups (P < 0.05). There was no effect of voltage on mean daily feed intake and average daily gain over the whole fattening period (P > 0.3). Nonetheless, the mean eating frequency during light hours from 10 to 20 wk of age was higher in the 8-V than in the 0-V and 5-V groups of restricted-fed pigs, while it was similar in the three groups fed ad libitum (A × V lin; P < 0.05). Stray voltage at 8 V increased sitting time and decreased resting time in restricted-fed groups during light hours (A × V lin; P < 0.05) but the occurrence of aggressive encounters was very low in the three treatment groups throughout the study. Finally, the metabolic profile, the frequency and the severity of gastric ulcerative lesions and the meat color were similar among the treatments (P > 0.10). Key words: Stray voltage, growing-finishing pigs, behavior, growth performance, health

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Influence of Slaughter Weight, Sex and Intramuscular Fat Content of the MLLT on the Carcass Value of Hybrid Pigs

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1236 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

L. Sládek

Keyword(s):

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Large White ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Slaughter Weight ◽

Meat Content ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

The Impact ◽

Imf Content ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content ◽

The Imf

The aim of this study was to establish the impact of slaughter weight, sex and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) on the carcass value of (Czech Large White x Czech Landrace) x Duroc hybrid pigs. The average lean meat content was higher in gilts (56.51 %) than in barrows (55.89 %). Average IMF content was recorded as 3.76 % in barrows and 3.42 % in gilts. The slaughter weight of the pigs did have an impact on the IMF content of the MLLT. The higher average slaughter weight (121.61 kg or 120.68 kg) of pigs intended for slaughter was established in pigs with a higher average IMF content (3.52 % or 5.20 %). Neither sex nor slaughter weight affected the monitored indicators of meat colour. The IMF content of the MLLT had no significant impact on carcass value indicators.

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Comparative Transcriptome Profile between Iberian Pig Varieties Provides New Insights into Their Distinct Fat Deposition and Fatty Acids Content

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 627

Author(s):

Ana Villaplana-Velasco ◽

Jose Luis Noguera ◽

Ramona Natacha Pena ◽

Maria Ballester ◽

Lourdes Muñoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Transcriptome Profile ◽

Causal Genes ◽

Iberian Pig ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Upregulated Genes ◽

Imf Content

The high deposition of intramuscular fat and the content of oleic fatty acid are characteristic of the Iberian pig. These two parameters present great variability and are differentiated amongst the varieties that make up the Iberian pig population. Although previous studies generated evidence for causal genes and polymorphisms associated to the adipogenic potential of the Iberian pig, there is little information about how genetic expression influences this trait’s variability. The aim of this study was to analyses the expression profile between two varieties of Iberian pig (Torbiscal and Retinto) and their reciprocal crosses differentiated in their intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in the Longissimus thoracis muscle using an RNA-seq approach. Our results corroborate that the Retinto variety is the fattiest amongst all studied varieties as its upregulated genes, such as FABP3 and FABP5, SLC27A1 and VEGFA among others, contribute to increasing adiposity. In its turn, Torbiscal pigs showed an upregulation of genes associated with the inhibition of fat deposition such as ADIPOQ and CPT1A. Further genetic variation analysis in these Iberian varieties showed relevant associations for SNP located within the differentially expressed genes with IMF and FA content. Thus, the differences found in the genetic architecture and the muscle transcriptome of these Iberian varieties might explain the variability in their fat content and composition and hence, their meat quality.

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Expression of lipid metabolism genes provides new insights into intramuscular fat deposition in Laiwu pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.18.0225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 390-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Jin Wang ◽

Dan-dan Yang ◽

Zong-li Liu ◽

Yong-qing Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Fat Removal ◽

Lipid Metabolism Genes ◽

Imf Content

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the special expression pattern of lipid metabolism genes and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Longissimus dorsi muscle of Laiwu pigs.Methods: Thirty-six pigs (Laiwu n = 18; Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire n = 18) were used for the measurement of the backfat thickness, marbling score, IMF content, and expression of lipid metabolism genes.Results: Significant correlations were found between IMF content and the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism genes. Of the 14 fat deposition genes measured, fatty acid synthase (FASN) showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) with IMF content, and of the 6 fat removal genes, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B) exhibited the greatest negative correlation (r = –0.66, p = 0.003) with IMF content in Laiwu pig. Multiple regression analysis showed that CPT1B, FASN, solute carrier family 27 member 1 (SLC27A1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) contributed 38% of the prediction value for IMF content in Laiwu pigs. Of these four variables, CPT1B had the greatest contribution to IMF content (14%) followed by FASN (11%), SLC27A1 (9%), and FABP3 (4%).Conclusion: Our results indicate that the combined effects of an upregulation in fat deposition genes and downregulation in fat removal genes promotes IMF deposition in Laiwu pigs.

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