Comparative efficacy of antibiotic growth promoter and benzoic acid on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and indices of gut health in nursery pigs fed corn–soybean meal diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kiarie ◽  
C. Voth ◽  
D. Wey ◽  
C. Zhu ◽  
P. Vingerhoeds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Fecal Score

Benzoic acid (BA) supplement was evaluated as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP). Ninety-six piglets (21-d-old at weaning) were placed in pens (four piglets pen−1) based on body weight (BW) and allocated (n = 8) to either control corn–soybean meal diet or control + in-feed antibiotic (AGP, 220 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride and 31.2 mg tiamulin kg−1) or control + 0.5% BA. Feed intake and BW were measured weekly. Fecal scores for incidence of diarrhea and fecal samples for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of components were taken in week 2. One pig per pen was euthanized on day 14 for jejunal histomorphology and digesta for pH and short-chain fatty acids concentration. In weeks 1–6, pigs fed AGP and BA had better (P < 0.01) gain to feed ratio compared with control fed pigs. On day 12, pigs fed AGP and BA showed lower (P = 0.01) fecal score than control fed pigs. Pigs fed BA had (P < 0.05) higher ATTD of crude protein and taller villi compared with the control or AGP fed pigs. Pigs fed AGP showed higher (P = 0.05) lactic acid concentrations than pigs fed BA, however, none differed (P > 0.05) with control pigs. In conclusion, BA supported piglet growth performance to the same extent as AGP.

scholarly journals The use of an alternative feed additive, containing benzoic acid, thymol, eugenol, and piperine, improved growth performance, nutrient and energy digestibility, and gut health in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio D Silva Júnior ◽  
Cláudia C S Martins ◽  
Francine T F Dias ◽  
Natália Y Sitanaka ◽  
Letícia B Ferracioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Cecum Content

Abstract This research evaluated a feed additive (benzoic acid, eugenol, thymol, and piperine), associated or not with colistin, in weaned piglets feeding. The parameters evaluated were growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, relative weights of digestive organs, microbial diversity, and the percentages of operational taxonomic units of microorganisms in the cecum content of pigs. One-hundred and eight crossbred piglets (5.3 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a three-phase feeding program (21 to 35, 36 to 50, 51 to 65 d of age) and fed a control diet with no inclusion of growth promoter feed additive, a diet with 40 ppm of colistin, a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive, and a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive and 40 ppm of colistin. The diets were based on corn, soybean meal, dairy products, and spray-dried blood plasma and formulated to provide 3.40, 3.38, and 3.20 Mcal of ME/kg and 14.5, 13.3, and 10.9 g/kg of digestible lysine, in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The piglets were housed three per pen, with nine replicates per diet, in a complete randomized block design based on initial BW. The data were submitted to ANOVA and means were separated by Tukey test (5%), using SAS. Pigs fed diets with the alternative feed additive had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (114.3 vs. 91.8 g) and ADFI (190.1 vs. 163.3 g) in phase 1 than pigs fed diets without the product. The alternative additive improved (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of crude protein (CP) in phase 1 (71.0% vs. 68.6%), gross energy in phases 1 (77.4% vs. 75.2%) and 3 (79.0% vs. 77.1%), and dry matter in phase 3 (79.1% vs. 77.1%). The antibiotic inclusion in the diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of CP in phase 1 (71.5% vs. 68.2%). The alternative feed additive tended (P = 0.06) to increase (46%) normal feces frequency, decreased (P &lt; 0.05) goblet cells count (104.3 vs. 118.1) in the jejunum, and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) small intestine (4.60% vs. 4.93%) and colon (1.41% vs. 1.65%) relative weights, compared with pigs not fed with the alternative additive. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a lower concentration of Escherichia–Shigella (1.46% vs. 3.5%) and lower (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of Campylobacter (0.52% vs. 10.21%) in the cecum content of piglets fed diets containing essential oils and benzoic acid compared with pigs fed diets without the alternative feed additive. The alternative feed additive was effective in improving growth performance, diets digestibility, and gut health in piglets soon after weaning.

260 Growth Performance and Gut Integrity of Nursery Pigs Fed Diet with butyric Acid and Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Yeast Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Hee Seong Kim ◽  
Rob Patterson ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran ◽  
Yeast Product

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of butyric acid (BA) and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast product (EYP) on growth performance and gut health of nursery pigs. A total of 96 weaned pigs (initial body weight = 6.60 kg) were housed in 24 pens (4 pigs/pen) and fed 3 diets in a randomized complete block design. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based without or with 0.05% BA or 0.1% EYP. The diets were fed in 2 phases; Phase 1: d 0 to 7 and Phase 2: d 7 to 20. Growth performance and fecal score were determined by phase. One pig from in each pen was selected for measuring organ weights, gut permeability, and electrophysiological parameters of jejunum mounted in Ussing chambers. The selected pigs were sacrificed at a rate of 6 pigs (balanced for diets) per day from d 10 to 17. Dietary BA increased (P &lt; 0.05) gain to feed ratio for d 7 to 20 by 5.8% and for entire study period by 15.8%. Fecal scores were unaffected by dietary BA or EYP. Dietary EYP increased (P &lt; 0.05) weight of cecum as a proportion of live body weight by 36.4%. Dietary BA decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the flow of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran from mucosal to serosal side of jejunum by 31.7%, implying that dietary BA reduced jejunal permeability. Jejunal short circuit current was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by dietary BA or EYP. However, jejunal trans-epithelial electrical resistance was unaffected by dietary BA or EYP. In conclusion, dietary BA improved feed efficiency and reduced jejunal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, implying that it can improve the gut health of weaned pigs through reduced jejunal permeability to toxins. Dietary EYP increased caecum weight, implying that it can improve hindgut fermentation in weaned pigs.

Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
V. Legrand-Defretin ◽  
P.A. Geraert ◽  
O. Adeola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Gut Health

Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg−1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg−1increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg−1increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.

scholarly journals 175 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli on d 7 post weaned

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
James Tyus ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotic on growth performance, and gut health of nursery pigs challenged with ETEC. Sixty-four weaned pigs (7.9 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted in a RCBD (2 x 2 factorial). ETEC (0, and ETEC, 6 x 109 CFU/mL) and synbiotic (0, and xylanase 10,000 XU/kg combined with Bacillus sp. 6 x 108 CFU/kg) were the factors. ETEC was orally inoculated on d 7. Growth performance were measured on d 7, 10, 15, and 21. On d 21, 48 pigs were euthanized for sampling to measure gut health parameters. Synbiotic increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG in P1 (53.5 to 96.0 g). Overall, ETEC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (387.5 to 322.5 g) and G:F (0.810 to 0.706). ETEC increased (P &lt; 0.05) fecal score from d 7 to 13, whereas synbiotic reduced (P &lt; 0.05) it at d 9 and 11 in challenged pigs. ETEC increased (P &lt; 0.05) MDA (0.259 to 0.818 μmol/mg), IL6 (2.96 to 4.30 pg/mg), ki-67+ (29.1 to 33.9%), and crypt depth (260 to 290 μm), whereas synbiotic tended to reduce TNF-α (1.05 to 0.87 pg/mg), protein carbonyl (3.13 to 2.51 nmol/mg), and IL6 (4.07 to 3.19 pg/mg); reduced (P &lt; 0.05) crypt depth (290 to 260 μm), and ki-67+ (32.7 to 30.3%) and increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height (368.5 to 421.4 μm). ETEC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of Veillonellaceae (7.11 to 3.02%), tended to reduce (P = 0.067) Clostridiaceae (1.1 to 0.55%), and Prevotellaceae (38.0 to 27.2%) and tended (P = 0.063) to increase Helicobacteraceae (34.5 to 49.5%). Collectively, ETEC reduced growth performance by affecting the microbiome, oxidative stress, and immune response. Synbiotic improve growth performance by enhancing gut health regardless of the challenge, whereas it reduced fecal score in challenged pigs.

Supplemental Cap-Met in diet to promote growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jarupan ◽  
C. Rakangthong ◽  
C. Bunchasak ◽  
T. Poeikhamphaa ◽  
W. Loongyai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Large White ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

This study was conducted to compare the effect of Colistin and Cap-Met supplementation in nursery pig diets on growth performance, fecal score, short chain fatty acids in the caecum and gut immunity. Seventy-two crossbred pigs (Duroc x Large White x Landrace; initial weight 6.76 ± 0.22 kg) were divided into 3 groups with 6 replications of 18 piglets each. There were 3 dietary treatments: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet + Colistin 40 ppm and 3) basal diet + 0.2% Cap-Met. The supplementation of 0.2% Cap-Met improved FCR of piglets during 24-38 days of age. At 66 days of age, supplementing Colistin or Cap-Met increased the concentration of lactic acid in the caecum, while the IL-1 beta level in the jejunum declined. In conclusion, Cap-Met supplementation improved the FCR and showed positive immune and inflammatory responses of piglets.

scholarly journals 263 Effects of soybean meal level on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) in diets with or without 25% DDGS on growth performance of nursery pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5, 32.5, or 37.5%) and DDGS (0 or 25%). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs, initially 10.6, 11.7, 12.5, and 12.3 kg, were used and there were 10, 16, 13, and 12 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, G:F, and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as random effect and treatment as fixed effect. The average cull rate was 0.7, 0.5, 0.2, and 0% and the mortality rate was 0.7, 0.3, 0.4, and 0% in Exp. 1 to 4, respectively. There were interactions (P ≤ 0.039) between SBM and DDGS for G:F and CE in Exp. 2 and for ADG and ADFI in Exp. 3. These were mostly driven by increasing SBM negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained DDGS compared to diets without DDGS. The main effects of DDGS and SBM were more consistent across experiments. Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased (P ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI in all experiments as well as poorer (P ≤ 0.028) G:F and CE except for Exp. 3. Feeding increasing amounts of SBM generally did not result in any major impact in ADG, but consistently improved (linear, P ≤ 0.078) G:F and CE across experiments. The mechanism for this response is unclear but could be driven by intrinsic components of SBM or underestimating the energy value of SBM.

scholarly journals A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lynegaard ◽  
Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽  
Julie K. Bache ◽  
Nicolai R. Weber ◽  
Christian F. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

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