scholarly journals Rearing and handling injuries in broiler chickens and risk factors for wing injuries during loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-410
Author(s):  
Michael S. Cockram ◽  
Ketan Jung Dulal ◽  
Henrik Stryhn ◽  
Crawford W. Revie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Load Risk

Some injuries to broilers occur during rearing, but most injuries occur during handling before slaughter. Records provided by a processing plant for loads transported over a 19 mo period during 2009 and 2010 were examined. The median percentage of wing injuries per load was 5.7%, whereas injuries to the legs, breast, or shoulders were all less than 1% per load. Risk factors for wing injuries were examined by considering the data from each load by handling event (i.e., loads originating from the same producer on the same date). A multilevel model with three levels, producer (n = 86), handling event (n = 1694), and load (n = 4219), was fitted. The final model included weight, sex, season, catching team, time of day at which loading began, speed of loading, and an interaction between speed of loading and time of day. Factors that reduced the risk of wing injuries were loading lighter birds, loads containing only cockerels, and loading in the fall. The predicted percentage of wing injuries was relatively constant for slower loading speeds, but it was increased significantly when faster loading speeds were adopted during daytime (0700–1700). Identification of these risk factors can be used to adjust loading practices.

scholarly journals Leg Disorders in Broiler Chickens: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Prevention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby G. Knowles ◽  
Steve C. Kestin ◽  
Susan M. Haslam ◽  
Steven N. Brown ◽  
Laura E. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Broiler Chickens

scholarly journals Incidence of Coliform Cellulitis in Broiler Chicken of a Processing Plant and Investigation of the Risk Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Osamu WATANABE ◽  
Tsuyoshi YABUUE ◽  
Mamoru KAMEYAMA ◽  
Etsuji YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Kyouya URAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Processing Plant

Risk factors for blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid collection in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. e8-e8
Author(s):  
Aran Nagendran ◽  
Daniel Sanchez-Masian ◽  
Erika Bersan ◽  
Camilla Jayne Cooper ◽  
Rita Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors for blood contamination during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs.Study design and methodsThis is a prospective study of 170 CSF samples. Data collected included signalment of the patient, body condition score, site of CSF collection (cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC) or lumbar cistern (LC)), number of attempts, clinician expertise, final diagnosis, time of day, skull conformation and day of the week. Analysis of the CSF samples was then performed, and the presence of blood contamination (red blood cells >500/µl) was recorded. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association of potential risk factors of the procedure. Multivariate analysis was performed on the variables that were statistically significant.ResultsOf the 170 CSF samples, 53 per cent were collected from the CMC (n=90) and 47 per cent from the LC (n=80). Blood contamination was seen in 20 per cent (n=34) of the samples, 8.9 per cent (n=8) in CMC and 32.5 per cent (n=26) in LC samples. Increased odds of obtaining a contaminated CSF sample were associated with lower level of clinician expertise (odds ratio: 2.5; 95 per cent confidence interval: 0.9–6.7; P=0.046) and with LC versus CMC collection site (odds ratio: 8.1; 95 per cent confidence interval: 2.1–12.9; P=0.001).Clinical significanceThere is increased likelihood of blood contamination when collecting CSF from the LC compared with the CMC site. Increased clinician experience reduced the risk of CSF blood contamination, but none of the other variables examined significantly influenced this.

Motile Aeromonads in the Feces and Carcasses of Broiler Chickens in Turkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHMET AKAN ◽  
AYSEGUL EYIGOR ◽  
K. SERDAR DIKER
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Processing Water ◽  
Chicken Feces ◽  
Commercial Processing

Motile Aeromonas spp. were surveyed in chicken feces, carcasses, scalding water, and chilling water during slaughtering in a commercial processing plant in Turkey. Fecal and carcass samples of 351 chickens from 15 different flocks were examined by selective isolation techniques. All of the 15 flocks were positive for motile aeromonads. Motile aeromonads were detected in 14.8%, 90.5%, and 100% of fecal, carcass, and chilling water samples, respectively, while scalding water samples were negative for these organisms. Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species in both feces (51.9%) and carcass (66.9%) samples, followed by A. caviae and A. sobria. These results suggested that during the slaughtering process the spread of motile aeromonads from the intestinal contents to carcasses via processing water caused a heavy contamination of chicken carcasses.

Taking the stress out of transport - indices of physiological stress in transit

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 42-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mitchell ◽  
P.J. Kettlewell
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Uk ◽  
In Transit

Currently, in excess of 650 million broiler chickens are produced per annum in the UK.The rearing of these animals on large numbers of geographically dispered sites necessitates their transportation to centralised processing plants for slaughter. Birds are transported in containers in which behaviour, including any thermoregulatory component, will be restricted. The design of the container and the vehicle and the external climatic conditions will have profound effects upon the immediate environment of the birds. In transit they may be exposed to a variety of potential stressors including the thermal demands of this transport microenvironment, motion, acceleration, vibration, impacts, fasting, withdrawal of water, social disruption and noise. The adverse effects of these factors and their combinations may range from discomfort and mild aversion to death. Mortalities in transit are generally 0.4% or less but this may represent approximately 2 million birds per annum in the UK. It is estimated that up to 40% of the mortalities observed at the processing plant are a consequence of “stress”. It is thus essential from the standpoints of both animal welfare and productivity to optimise commercial poultry transport conditions and to provide the sound scientific basis for legislation relating to vehicles and transport practices. Although examination of the existing literature reveals that thermal stress is acknowledged as a major hazard during animal transportation it has been poorly characterised under practical conditions and the interactions between the animals and the complex thermal microenvironments clearly require more rigorous analyses.

scholarly journals Assessment and Treatment of Dyslexia - An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Evelin Witruk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Secondary Causes

Assessment and Treatment of Dyslexia - An Overview This article will overview the current state-of-the-art of the different methods of assessment and treatment of dyslexia. On the basis of the modification and extension of the multilevel model of Valtin (1989, modified by Witruk, 1993) the methods were discussed regarding their main aims. Assessment and treatment methods were described regarding the primary causes (biological risk factors), secondary causes (partial performance deficits), primary symptoms (reading and writing failures) and regarding the secondary symptoms (emotional and behavioural disorders). Alternative methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Zoonotic bacteria in the food chain: antimicrobial resistance and associated factors in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Costa ◽  
A Cara d'Anjo ◽  
M Cardo ◽  
A Leite
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Final Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public health and animal food-production plays a crucial role in AMR spread. We thus aimed to characterize AMR profiles and associated factors in zoonotic bacterial isolates in Portugal. Data from the Portuguese AMR surveillance program on animal populations and derived food, 2014-2018, was used. AMR frequency was described in E coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates from poultry and pigs, according to antibiotic and samples tested. For Salmonella, AMR associated factors were studied: animal populations (broilers, laying hens, pigs) and derived meat, sampling stage (farm, slaughterhouse, processing plant), sample type (environmental, carcase, food), sampler (HACCP, industry, official, official and industry), sample context (control and eradication programmes, monitoring), year (2014-2018) and season. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The final model was obtained using a backward stepwise method. We assessed 2157 E Coli, 561 Campylobacter and 826 Salmonella isolates. AMR rates were higher to cefepime (91-98%) in E coli in all sample types; cefotaxime (100%) in E coli in broiler's meat; nalidixic acid (79-96%) in E coli and Campylobacter in poultry and derived meat; ciprofloxacin (50-98%) in all bacteria isolates from poultry and derived meat. For Salmonella, AMR was more likely in pig's meat (OR 3.66; 95%CI:1.19-2.82), slaughterhouses (OR 10.18; 95%CI:4.69-26.70), carcases (OR 5.90;95%CI:3.74-9.69). The final model indicated a lesser chance of AMR in laying hens (aOR .21; 95%CI:.11-.37), industry sampling (aOR .25; 95%CI:.07-.73), 2018 (aOR .24; 95%CI:.13-.42), and a higher chance in summer (aOR 2.39; 95%CI:1.34-4.28). The findings support the need for control measures on the use of key antibiotics in veterinary medicine. AMR occurrence in Portugal seems to be related to summer, although less in laying hens and in 2018. Key messages AMR in bacterial isolates suggests the need for integrated actions to mitigate and control the use of 3rd and 4rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and quinolones in animal production. AMR occurrence in Portugal seems to be further related to summer conditions, while comparing to other seasons.

Controlled atmosphere stunning of broiler chickens. I. Effects on behaviour, physiology and meat quality in a pilot scale system at a processing plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Abeyesinghe ◽  
D.E.F. McKeegan ◽  
M.A. McLeman ◽  
J.C. Lowe ◽  
T.G.M. Demmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere

scholarly journals Risk Assessing Medical Inpatients for Hospital-Acquired Venous Thrombosis: The Medical Inpatients Thrombosis and Hemostasis (MITH) Study

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 829-829
Author(s):  
Neil A. Zakai ◽  
Insu Koh ◽  
Katherine Wilkinson ◽  
Nicholas S Roetker ◽  
Andrew D Sparks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Objective Risk ◽  
Medical Inpatients ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Active Cancer

Abstract Introduction: Multiple regulatory agencies and professional societies recommend risk assessment of hospitalized medical patients for hospital-acquired (HA) venous thromboembolism (VTE) and provision of pharmacologic prophylaxis to those at risk. Extant risk assessment models (RAMs) include risk factors not knowable or difficult to assess at admission and often do not include risk factors reflecting illness acuity (such as laboratory studies and vital signs at admission). We developed a RAM for HA-VTE that reports absolute VTE risk, as opposed to arbitrary risk categories, using only objective risk factors measured within the first 24 hours of admission. Methods: The study setting was a combined academic and community 540-bed teaching hospital in northwest Vermont (The University of Vermont Medical Center). Using validated electronic health record (EHR) derived phenotypes (computable phenotypes), we captured all medical admissions between 2010-2019 and examined patient demographics, past medical history, and presenting vital and laboratory measures as potential risk factors for HA-VTE. As risk assessment should happen within 24 hours of admission, we only assessed risk factors knowable within this timeframe. Individuals with VTE at admission were excluded. Key outcome and risk factor definitions were validated using chart review. Bayesian logistic regression with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) prior probability distribution was used to select risk factors for the model. Variables with a t-statistic ≥1.5 or ≤-1.5 were included in the final model. Full or prophylactic anticoagulation use was adjusted for in the final model. Model performance was assessed using bootstrap resampling to estimate area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve and calibration slope with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: There were 62,468 medical admissions in the study period with 219 HA-VTE events. Chart review demonstrated the positive predictive value of our HA-VTE computable phenotype to be 84% and the negative predictive value 99%. Mean age was 65 years and 51% were male. Comorbid conditions were common in this hospitalized population, including active cancer (29%), congestive heart failure (25%), diabetes (27%), hypertension (59%), and prior myocardial infarction (13%). Seven risk factors met the criteria for inclusion in the final model: prior history of VTE (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.8, 3.8), red cell distribution width ≥14.7% (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2, 2.2), creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL or on dialysis (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4, 2.8), serum sodium <136 MEq/L (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1, 2.1), active cancer (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), malnutrition based on prior reported weight loss (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3, 3.3), and low hemoglobin (<13.6 g/dL in men, <12.1 g/dL in women; OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0, 2.1). The unadjusted AUC of the RAM was 0.73 with an unadjusted calibration slope 1.09 (Figure 1). The optimism-adjusted AUC was 0.68 (95% CI 0.64, 0.71) and the optimism-adjusted calibration slope was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.03). Discussion: We developed and internally validated a RAM for HA-VTE during medical hospitalization which incorporates simple, objective risk factors knowable within the first 24 hours of admission. Unlike most prior RAMs, this model also incorporates risk factors reflecting illness severity such as laboratory results. The RAM has good fit and calibration and will be moved forward to external validation. Future applications include incorporating the RAM into hospital admission workflows and assessing VTE prophylaxis rates and the incidence of HA-VTE and HA-bleeding. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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