Single and combined effects of temperature and red:far-red light ratio on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirwais M. Qaderi ◽  
Victoria J. Godin ◽  
David M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Few studies have considered the interactive effects of temperature and red:far-red light ratio (R:FR) on plants. We studied the effects of these two factors on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.). Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (22 °C day – 18 °C night and 28 °C day – 24 °C night) and two R:FR light ratios (low, simulated shade FR enrichment and normal, simulated natural sunlight) in controlled-environment chambers and their growth and physiological characteristics were measured. Among the 23 parameters, 20 were affected by temperature, 21 were affected by light quality, and 16 were affected by their interactions. Higher temperatures increased stem height, photosynthetic pigments, and ethylene, but decreased gas exchange and, in turn, plant biomass. Low R:FR increased stem height, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and ethylene, but decreased photosynthetic pigments, water-use efficiency, and photosynthesis and, in turn, plant biomass. Distinct parallel patterns were found for the combined effects of temperature and light quality. Plants had 2.3 times lower total biomass under lower temperatures at low R:FR than under the same temperatures at normal R:FR. However, plants had 2.8 times lower total biomass under higher temperatures at low R:FR than under the same temperatures at normal R:FR. We conclude that the interactive effects of temperature and R:FR are different than that of the single factors on the natural populations of O. biennis.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Light Quality and Temperature on Arabidopsis Growth and Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-941
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Chunmei Xue ◽  
Le Kong ◽  
Ruining Li ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Abstract We report here the interactive effects of three light qualities (white, red and blue) and three growth temperatures (16�C, 22�C and 28�C) on rosette growth, hypocotyl elongation and disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. While an increase in temperature promotes hypocotyl elongation irrespective of light quality, the effects of temperature on rosette growth and disease resistance are dependent on light quality. Maximum rosette growth rate under white, red and blue light are observed at 28�C, 16�C and 22�C, respectively. The highest disease resistance is observed at 16�C under all three light conditions, but the highest susceptibility is observed at 28�C for white light and 22�C for red and blue light. Interestingly, rosette growth is inhibited by phytochrome B (PHYB) under blue light at 28�C and by cryptochromes (CRYs) under red light at 16�C. In addition, disease resistance is inhibited by PHYB under blue light and promoted by CRYs under red light. Therefore, this study reveals a complex interaction between light and temperature in modulating rosette growth and disease resistance as well as the contribution of PHYB and CRY to disease resistance.

Effects of CO2 enrichment and nutrition on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration of Alaskan tundra plant species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Oberbauer ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ledum Palustre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Alaskan Tundra

Three Alaskan tundra species, Carex bigelowii Torr., Betula nana L., and Ledum palustre L., were grown in controlled-environment chambers at two nutrition levels with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to assess the interactive effects of these factors on growth, photosynthesis, and tissue nutrient content. Carbon dioxide concentrations were maintained at 350 and 675 μL L−1 under photosynthetic photon flux densities of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 and temperatures of 20:15 °C (light:dark). Nutrient treatments were obtained by watering daily with 1/60- or 1/8- strength Hoagland's solution. Leaf, root, and total biomass were strongly enhanced by nutrient enrichment regardless of the CO2 concentration. In contrast, enriched atmospheric CO2 did not significantly affect plant biomass and there was no interaction between nutrition and CO2 concentration during growth. Leaf photosynthesis was increased by better nutrition in two species but was unchanged by CO2 enrichment during growth in all three species. The effects of nutrient addition and CO2 enrichment on tissue nutrient concentrations were complex and differed among the three species. The data suggest that CO2 enrichment with or without nutrient limitation has little effect on the biomass production of these three tundra species.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Hatching and Larval Survival of Commercially Important Tropical Sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Md. Shamim Parvez ◽  
M. Aminur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Nawshin Farjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The combined effects of temperature and salinity on percent hatching, normal larval rate at hatching, and survival of fasting larvae after hatching (survival activity index; SAI) of the commercial species of collector sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla were investigated in a captive laboratory condition. The study was conducted by setting different levels of temperatures (24°C to 36°C) and salinities (38‰ to 23‰). Within the range of temperature from 24 to 36°C and at 32‰ salinity, hatching and normal larval rates, and SAI values were highest at 24 and 27°C. The highest hatching and normal larval rates were found at 35 and 38‰ within the salinity range of 23-38‰; however, SAI value was the highest at 26‰. The results of the experiments in each level of temperature (24, 27 and 30°C) with each salinity (32, 35 and 38‰) indicated interactive effects of temperature and salinity, and within the experimental protocols of 24°C at 38‰ gave an optimal combination for highest hatching and survival of T. gratilla. The findings obtained from the present research would not only be immensely helpful towards the understanding of the suitable temperature-salinity interactions but also facilitate the development of captive breeding, larval raising and mass seed production of this high-valued sea urchin for commercial aquaculture.

scholarly journals Supplemental Far-Red Light Stimulates Lettuce Growth: Disentangling Morphological and Physiological Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Reeve Legendre ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Canopy Size

Light-emitting diodes allow for the application of specific wavelengths of light to induce various morphological and physiological responses. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), far-red light (700–800 nm) is integral to initiating shade responses which can increase plant growth. In the first of two studies, plants were grown with a similar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) but different intensities of far-red light. The second study used perpendicular gradients of far-red light and PPFD, allowing for examination of interactive effects. The far-red gradient study revealed that increasing supplemental far-red light increased leaf length and width, which was associated with increased projected canopy size (PCS). The higher PCS was associated with increased cumulative incident light received by plants, which increased dry matter accumulation. In the perpendicular gradient study, far-red light was 57% and 183% more effective at increasing the amount of light received by the plant, as well as 92.5% and 162% more effective at increasing plant biomass at the early and late harvests, respectively, as compared to PPFD. Light use efficiency (LUE, biomass/mol incident light) was generally negatively correlated with specific leaf area (SLA). Far-red light provided by LEDs increases the canopy size to capture more light to drive photosynthesis and shows promise for inclusion in the growth light spectrum for lettuce under sole-source lighting.

Interactive effects of temperature and redox on soil carbon and iron cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 108235
Author(s):  
Nikhil R. Chari ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Yuan S. Lin ◽  
Whendee L. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Iron Cycling ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Temperature and Toxic Algal Abundance on Paralytic Shellfish Toxic Accumulation, Tissue Distribution and Elimination Dynamics in Mussels Mytilus coruscus

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Yunyu Tang ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Chengqi Fan ◽  
Xiaosheng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Mytilus Coruscus ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Rapid Elimination ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Algal Abundance ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of increasing seawater surface temperature (SST) and toxic algal abundance (TAA) on the accumulation, tissue distribution and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in mussels. Mytilus coruscus were fed with the PSTs-producing dinoflagellate A. catenella under four simulated environment conditions. The maximum PSTs concentration was determined to be 3548 µg STX eq.kg−1, which was four times higher than the EU regulatory limit. The increasing SST caused a significant decline in PSTs levels in mussels with rapid elimination rates, whereas high TAA increased the PSTs concentration. As a result, the PSTs toxicity levels decreased under the combined condition. Additionally, toxin burdens were assessed within shellfish tissues, with the highest levels quantified in the hepatopancreas. It is noteworthy that the toxin burden shifted towards the mantle from gill, muscle and gonad at the 17th day. Moreover, variability of PSTs was measured, and was associated with changes in each environmental factor. Hence, this study primarily illustrates the combined effects of SST and TAA on PSTs toxicity, showing that increasing environmental temperature is of benefit to lower PSTs toxicity with rapid elimination rates.

Use of a Modified Gompertz Equation to Predict the Effects of Temperature, pH, and NaCl on the Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Heated in Infant Formula

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. LINTON ◽  
W. H. CARTER ◽  
M. D. PIERSON ◽  
C. R. HACKNEY ◽  
J. D. EIFERT
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was determined in infant formula for all possible combinations of temperature (50, 55, and 60°C), pH level (5, 6, and 7), and NaCl concentration (0, 2, and 4%). Survival curves were fit using nonlinear regression with a Gompertz equation. The Gompertz equation was flexible enough to fit the three most commonly observed survival curves: linear curves, those with an initial lag region followed by a linear region, and sigmoidal shaped. Parameter estimates obtained by the method of nonlinear least squares were used to describe the effect(s) of different heating treatments on the lag region, death rate, and tailing region of survival curves. These estimates were further used to predict single and interactive effects of temperature, pH, and percentage of NaCl on the log of the surviving fraction (LSF) of bacteria. Interactions among these variables significantly (P ≤ .05) affected the LSF. Generally, increased pH or NaCl concentration lead to an increased LSF, whereas increased time or temperature lead to a decreased LSF. All multiple-factor interactions significantly (P ≤ .05) affected the LSF. The correlation of observed LSF versus predicted LSF (R2 = .92) indicated that the estimated Gompertz equation was in close agreement with the observation. This study demonstrated that the Gompertz equation and nonlinear regression can be used as an effective means to predict survival curve shape and response to heat of L. monocytogenes under many different environmental conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document