Phytohormone requirements of pollination drop secretion in Ginkgo biloba ovules

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Che ◽  
Danyang Mao ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pollination Drop

Secretion of the pollination drop (PD) plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of gymnosperms. However, the molecular mechanism regulating PD secretion has not been reported. In our study, we successfully constructed cDNA libraries in ovules between PD secretion and PD withdrawal stages, and identified 2975 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These genes were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and hormone-related pathways. We especially identified DEGs related to jasmonic acid (JA) metabolism and signal transduction, including Gb_39942 (SDP1), Gb_03931 (OPR2), and Gb_18696 (4CLL4), which are all upregulated at the stage of PD secretion in Ginkgo biloba. Gb_17431 (TIF3B) and Gb_17432 (TIF9), which encode the negative regulator JAZ protein, are downregulated during this period. We also found that KO1 (Gb_05787 and Gb_38576) and GA20ox1 (Gb_16591), which are related to gibberellin (GA) synthesis, had increased expression, whereas Gb_17754, encoding the GA receptor GID1, is downregulated at the PD secretion. From these results, we predicted that JA and GA may play important roles in the regulation of PD secretion in G. biloba ovules.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Martins-Noguerol ◽  
Cristina DeAndrés-Gil ◽  
Mónica Venegas-Calerón ◽  
Rosario Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Histone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.

scholarly journals Association between Rumen Microbiota and Marbling Score in Korean Native Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Tansol Park ◽  
Jin Young Jeong ◽  
Youlchang Baek ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study demonstrated the potential effects of the rumen microbiota on the deposition of intramuscular fat, known as marbling. Previous studies on fatty acid metabolism in beef cattle have mostly focused on biohydrogenating rumen bacteria, whereas those on the overall rumen microbiota—to understand their roles in marbling—have not been systematically performed. The rumen microbiota of 14 Korean beef cattle (Hanwoo), which showed similar carcass characteristics and blood metabolites but different marbling scores, were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The rumen samples were grouped into two extreme marbling score groups of host animals as follows: LMS, marbling score≤ 4 or HMS, marbling score ≥7. Species richness tended to be higher in the HMS group, whereas the overall microbiota differed between LMS and HMS groups. RFP12, Verrucomicrobia, Oscillospira, Porphyromonadaceae, and Paludibacter were differentially abundant in the HMS group, whereas Olsenella was abundant in the LMS group. Some marbling-associated bacterial taxa also contributed to the enrichment of two lipid metabolic pathways including “alpha-linolenic acid metabolism” and “fatty acid biosynthesis” in the HMS microbiome. Taxonomic drivers of fatty acid biosynthesis, particularly in the rumen microbiome of high-marbled meat, could thus be further studied to increase the intramuscular fat content.

scholarly journals 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol Promotes Fatty Acid-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma By Down-Regulating SCD1 Expression

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3219-3219
Author(s):  
Qiuguo Wang ◽  
Siqi Yan ◽  
Xiaoran Zhou ◽  
Huiling Mei ◽  
Yu Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM), is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells. Nowadays more and more studies concern that alert metabolism including glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism has potent in vivo anticancer activity in multiple myeloma. While glycolysis and glutaminolysis was well established, lipid metabolism of MM is poorly understood and there is a need for a new low-toxic therapy that selectively target MM. Lipid metabolism studies such as on the use of inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis and their effects on MM cell survival have been reported. Our study showed the increase of the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and the elevated fatty acid biosynthesis in MM cells (Fig.1A, p<0.001). We found that SCD1 is overexpression in MM patients' samples and associated with clinical stage of myeloma (Fig 1B, p<0.05). Then we examined the level of lipid droplets(LDs) in MM cells, and the high level of LDs detected in MM cells demonstrated the lipid accumulation in MM (Fig.1C). Stable depletion of SCD1 inhibited fatty acid biosynthesis and decreased LDs levels and this reduction of LDs remained at low levels in MM cells (Fig.1D, E). These results suggest that MM cell growth party relies on SCD1-mediated fatty acid metabolism. The finding that 20(S)-protopanaxatriol(PPT) has significant effect on inhibiting the transcription of lipogenic genes have reported. Western blotting analysis shows that PPT decreased SCD1 protein levels in RPMI-8226, ARH-77 cell lines. In addition, PPT treatment decreased fatty acid biosynthesis and blocked lipid storage in lipid droplets(LDs) (Fig.1F). The proportion of saturated and monounsaturated was also decreased after treatment (Fig. 1G). Given that 20(S)-protopanaxatriol(PPT) has lipid-lowering effect in MM, we hypothesized that PPT exerts anti-myeloma effects by disrupting lipogenesis. In vitro experiments demonstrate the significant effect of PPT on decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in multiple myeloma (Fig.1H). Supplementation with the SCD1 enzymatic product, oleic acid, rescued MM cells from PPT cell killing and SCD1 silencing, decreasing levels of SCD1 inhibition induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition (Fig.1I). The results of Western Blot Analysis show a positive correlation between SCD1 inhibition and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) (Fig.1J). In addition, PPT can obviously induce ER stress after inhibiting SCD1, while ER-stress inhibitor TUDCA can significantly reverse the induced apoptosis of PPT treatment in MM cells (Fig.1K, p<0.05). These results suggest that excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress is the main cause of PPT induced apoptosis. In summary, our studies reveal that regulation of fatty acid metabolism in MM cells is an essential target. We show that the redeployed drug PPT killed MM cells by decreasing SCD1 protein levels and promoting fatty acid-induced ER stress. This study is relevant to the wider context of multiple myeloma therapeutics that developing therapeutics which can disrupt fatty acid biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the aglycone of ginsenosides 20(S)-protopanaxatriol with demonstrable anti-myeloma activity that target fatty acid biosynthesis Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Yarrowia lipolytica as an Oleaginous Platform for the Production of Value-Added Fatty Acid-Based Bioproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huhu Liu ◽  
Yulan Song ◽  
Xiao Fan ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Current Production

The microbial fermentation process has been used as an alternative pathway to the production of value-added natural products. Of the microorganisms, Yarrowia lipolytica, as an oleaginous platform, is able to produce fatty acid-derived biofuels and biochemicals. Nowadays, there are growing progresses on the production of value-added fatty acid-based bioproducts in Y. lipolytica. However, there are fewer reviews performing the metabolic engineering strategies and summarizing the current production of fatty acid-based bioproducts in Y. lipolytica. To this end, we briefly provide the fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid biosynthesis, transportation, and degradation. Then, we introduce the various metabolic engineering strategies for increasing bioproduct accumulation in Y. lipolytica. Further, the advanced progress in the production of fatty acid-based bioproducts by Y. lipolytica, including nutraceuticals, biofuels, and biochemicals, is summarized. This review will provide attractive thoughts for researchers working in the field of Y. lipolytica.

scholarly journals Calcium-Phosphate Combination Enhances Spinosad Production in Saccharopolyspora Spinosa via Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyang Wan ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Wenxin Ding ◽  
Mengran Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibition Effect

Abstract Phosphate concentration above 10 mM reduces the production of many secondary metabolites; however, the phenomenon is not mechanistically understood yet. Specifically, the problem of phosphorus limitation in antibiotic production remains unresolved. This study investigates the phosphorus inhibition effect on spinosad production and alleviates it by calcium and phosphate supplementation to fermentation media. Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of fatty acids induced increase in polyketides production. NaH2PO4 was found to be the most effective phosphate. Under the optimal phosphate condition, the maximal spinosad production reached 520 mg/L, showing a 1.65-fold increase over the control treatment. In the NaH2PO4-CaCO3 system, the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis was significantly downregulated while spinosad biosynthesis and β-oxidation were upregulated. The coordination of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and β-oxidation promoted intracellular acetyl-CoA concentration. The results demonstrate that NaH2PO4-CaCO3 combined addition is a simple and effective strategy to alleviate phosphorus inhibition effect through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and accumulation of immediate precursors. This information improves our understanding of phosphates' influence on the large-scale production of polyketides.

scholarly journals Avocado Fruit Pulp Transcriptomes in the after-Ripening Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin LIU ◽  
Bo SHU ◽  
Dengwei JUE ◽  
Yicheng WANG ◽  
Yongzan WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Linoleic Acid Metabolism

Avocado is an important tropical fruit whose after-ripening process is still poorly understood. The fatty acid, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were analyzed in ‘Lisa’ avocado (Persea americana Mill. ‘Lisa’) fruit pulp during after-ripening. The transcriptome was analyzed to screen for transcripts associated with the aforementioned after-ripening parameters. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the total fatty acid content among the preclimacteric, climacteric, and postclimacteric stages. Nevertheless, the concentrations of C18:3 (α-linolenic acid) were significantly higher in the climacteric and postclimacteric stages than the preclimacteric stage. RNAseq generated 235,082 transcripts and 151,545 unigenes. In addition, 4,324 DEGs were produced among the three stages. KEGG analysis of the DEGs suggested the pathways about “α-linolenic acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis”, “fatty acid degradation”, “linoleic acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis”, “linoleic acid metabolism and fatty acid elongation”, and “fatty acid elongation” may all contribute to the C18:3 variations in ‘Lisa’ avocado fruit pulp. Several transcription factors, including the ethylene-related transcription factors, such as NAC, MYB, bHLH, and WRKY, were also identified in the DEGs database. This study generated transcript data and screened the transcription factors involved in the avocado after-ripening process. This information could be used to control after-ripening in avocado and maintain fruit quality during storage.

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