scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Martins-Noguerol ◽  
Cristina DeAndrés-Gil ◽  
Mónica Venegas-Calerón ◽  
Rosario Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Histone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Chelidonium majus elaiosomes and seeds provide insights into fatty acid biosynthesis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Wu ◽  
Linlin Peng ◽  
Shubin Dong ◽  
Xiaofei Xia ◽  
Liangcheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Young Seed

Background Elaiosomes are specialized fleshy and edible seed appendages dispersed by ants. Lipids are the primary components of elaiosomes. Chelidonium majus is a well-known plant, the seeds of which are dispersed by ants. Previous studies have identified the presence of primary fatty acids in its elaiosomes and seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fatty acid biosynthesis in elaiosomes remain unknown. Methods In order to gain a comprehensive transcriptional profile of the elaiosomes and seeds of C. majus, and understand the expression patterns of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, four different developmental stages, including the flower-bud (Ch01), flowering (Ch02), young seed (Ch03), and mature seed (Ch04) stages, were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). Results A total of 63,064 unigenes were generated from 12 libraries. Of these, 7,323, 258, and 11,540 unigenes were annotated with 25 Cluster of Orthologous Groups, 43 Gene Ontology terms, and 373 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, respectively. In addition, 322 genes were involved in lipid transport and metabolism, and 508 genes were involved in the lipid metabolism pathways. A total of 41 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the lipid metabolism pathways were identified, most of which were upregulated in Ch03 compared to Ch02, indicating that fatty acid biosynthesis primarily occurs during the flowering to the young seed stages. Of the DEGs, acyl-ACP thioesterases, acyl carrier protein desaturase (DESA1), and malonyl CoA-ACP transacylase were involved in palmitic acid synthesis; stearoyl-CoA desaturase and DESA1 were involved in oleic acid synthesis, and acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase was involved in linoleic acid synthesis.

scholarly journals PSVII-19 Transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Gi Ppeum Han ◽  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hyeon Seok Choi ◽  
Hwan Ku Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Supplemental Fat ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract Feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens is reported to ameliorate pathogenesis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). However, molecular mechanisms for this positive effect have not been investigated. Thus, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages. Two dietary treatments included basal diets with no supplemental fat and basal diets supplemented with 3.0% tallow. A total of 256 18-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments. Diets were fed to hens for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment (30 weeks of age), 5 hens with similar BW per treatment were euthanized to collect liver tissues. The cDNA libraries were constructed with extracted RNA from the liver tissues, and sequenced using the Illumina Nextseq 500 sequencer. Genes with False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05 were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results indicated that a total of 951 DEGs were identified, with 483 being up-regulated and 468 being down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs belong to several biological pathways such as cellular signaling pathways, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Especially for fatty acid metabolism, the DEGs associated with fatty acid degradation (ECI2, ACSL1, HADHA, EHHADH, ACOX1, CPT1) were up-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid synthesis (ACACA, ACSL5, FASN) were down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow, which indicates that supplemental fat in diets may increase fat oxidation but decrease fat synthesis in the liver. These results provide the molecular insights for hepatic lipid metabolisms by feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens at early laying stages.

Phytohormone requirements of pollination drop secretion in Ginkgo biloba ovules

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Che ◽  
Danyang Mao ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pollination Drop

Secretion of the pollination drop (PD) plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of gymnosperms. However, the molecular mechanism regulating PD secretion has not been reported. In our study, we successfully constructed cDNA libraries in ovules between PD secretion and PD withdrawal stages, and identified 2975 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These genes were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and hormone-related pathways. We especially identified DEGs related to jasmonic acid (JA) metabolism and signal transduction, including Gb_39942 (SDP1), Gb_03931 (OPR2), and Gb_18696 (4CLL4), which are all upregulated at the stage of PD secretion in Ginkgo biloba. Gb_17431 (TIF3B) and Gb_17432 (TIF9), which encode the negative regulator JAZ protein, are downregulated during this period. We also found that KO1 (Gb_05787 and Gb_38576) and GA20ox1 (Gb_16591), which are related to gibberellin (GA) synthesis, had increased expression, whereas Gb_17754, encoding the GA receptor GID1, is downregulated at the PD secretion. From these results, we predicted that JA and GA may play important roles in the regulation of PD secretion in G. biloba ovules.

Mechanistic diversity and regulation of Type II fatty acid synthesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marrakchi ◽  
Y.-M. Zhang ◽  
C. O. Rock
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Fatty acid biosynthesis is catalysed in most bacteria by a group of highly conserved proteins known as the Type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) system. The Type II system organization is distinct from its mammalian counterpart and offers several unique sites for selective inhibition by antibacterial agents. There has been remarkable progress in the understanding of the genetics, biochemistry and regulation of Type II FASs. One important advance is the discovery of the interaction between the fatty acid degradation regulator, FadR, and the fatty acid biosynthesis regulator, FabR, in the transcriptional control of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. The availability of genomic sequences and high-resolution protein crystal structures has expanded our understanding of Type II FASs beyond the E. coli model system to a number of pathogens. The molecular diversity among the pathway enzymes is illustrated by the discovery of a new type of enoyl-reductase in Streptococcus pneumoniae [enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase II, FabK], the presence of two enoyl-reductases in Bacillus subtilis (enoyl-ACP reductases I and III, FabI and FabL), and the use of a new mechanism for unsaturated fatty acid formation in S. pneumoniae (trans-2-cis-3-enoyl-ACP isomerase, FabM). The solution structure of ACP from Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed features common to all ACPs, but its extended C-terminal domain may reflect a specific interaction with very-long-chain intermediates.

scholarly journals Identification of genes associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ (Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’) seeds based on transcriptome analysis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Song Meng ◽  
Yu-Han Tang ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Da-Qiu Zhao ◽  
Ke-Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Herbaceous Peony

Abstract Background Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China as a traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it can also be regarded as a new oilseed plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in it has remained unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Five main fatty acids were detected, including stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and their absolute contents first increased and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. There were 15,005 unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases, including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, Swiss-Prot and InterPro. Based on the KEGG database, 1766 unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolism. There were 4635, 12,304, and 18,291 DEGs in Group I (60 vs 30 DAF), Group II (90 vs 60 DAF) and Group III (90 vs 30 DAF), respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected in the intersection of the three groups. In 14 KEGG pathways of lipid metabolism, 503 DEGs were found, belonging to 111 enzymes. We screened out 123 DEGs involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (39 DEGs), fatty acid elongation (33 DEGs), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (24 DEGs), TAG assembly (17 DEGs) and lipid storage (10 DEGs). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of 16 genes, including BBCP, BC, MCAT, KASIII, KASII, FATA, FATB, KCR, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAD7, GPAT, DGAT, OLE and CLO, most of which showed the highest expression at 45 DAF, except for DGAT, OLE and CLO, which showed the highest expression at 75 DAF. Conclusions We predicted that MCAT, KASIII, FATA, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, DGAT and OLE were the key genes in the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in herbaceous peony seed. This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seed gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation for herbaceous peony.

scholarly journals Global scale transcriptome analysis reveal differentially expressed genes during early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Zhuanxia Liu ◽  
Zihao Zhang ◽  
XuHan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to the totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as a model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, and some SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. With the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SE in longan, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq platform from the four distinct developmental stages, including non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC), globular embryos (GE). Results RNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to the reference genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22743, 19745, 21144, 21102 expressed transcripts and 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, and 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the important role of auxin and cytokinin during longan SE. The transcripts profiling of flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis related genes suggested that flavonoids were mainly accumulated in NEC, while fatty acid accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genes LTP, CHI, GLP, AGP, EP1 were related to longan SE. Transcript profiling combined with qRT-PCR performed on selected genes confirmed that 27 SE molecular markers (LEC1, LEC1-like, PDF1.3, GH3.6, AGL80, PIN1, BBM, WOX9, WOX2, ABI3, et al.) and 28 NEC markers (LEA5, CNOT3, DC2.15, PR1-1, NsLTP2, DIR1, PIP1, PIP2.1, TIP2-1, POD-P7 and POD5 et al.) were characterized as potential molecular markers for longan early SE, respectively. Conclusion Our transcriptome reveals the transcription regulation of auxin, cytokinin and other hormones signaling pathway, flavonoids biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, extracelluar protein encoding genes, and other SE-related genes during early SE. Furthermore, we characterizes the potential molecular markers to distinguish NEC and early SE of longan. The present work provides new insights into future functional studies, as a means of studying the molecular mechanisms in SE.

scholarly journals Lipogenic enzymes in rat maternal adipose tissue in the perinatal period

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Sinnett-Smith ◽  
R G Vernon ◽  
R J Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

1. The specific activities of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were measured in rat adipose-tissue extracts in pregnancy and lactation. Fatty acid synthetase specific activity correlates very closely with the rate of fatty acid synthesis, the enzyme specific activity decreasing after mid-pregnancy in a manner very similar to the rate of fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase specific activity also decreases dramatically after mid-pregnancy. Initial pyruvate dehydrogenase specific activity shows a decrease between 2 days pre partum and 2 days post partum, but total enzyme activity shows no significant change in the same period. 2. Immunotitrations of fatty acid synthetase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities were carried out; the titrations showed that the change in the fatty acid synthetase activity is due to a change in the enzyme amount; the amount of pyruvate dyhydrogenase does not change. Therefore the decrease in fatty acid biosynthesis in subcutaneous and parametrial adipose tissue in late pregnancy and early lactation is associated with a decrease in the amount of at least one of the enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. The correlation of these events with known hormonal changes is discussed.

scholarly journals Association between Rumen Microbiota and Marbling Score in Korean Native Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Tansol Park ◽  
Jin Young Jeong ◽  
Youlchang Baek ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study demonstrated the potential effects of the rumen microbiota on the deposition of intramuscular fat, known as marbling. Previous studies on fatty acid metabolism in beef cattle have mostly focused on biohydrogenating rumen bacteria, whereas those on the overall rumen microbiota—to understand their roles in marbling—have not been systematically performed. The rumen microbiota of 14 Korean beef cattle (Hanwoo), which showed similar carcass characteristics and blood metabolites but different marbling scores, were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The rumen samples were grouped into two extreme marbling score groups of host animals as follows: LMS, marbling score≤ 4 or HMS, marbling score ≥7. Species richness tended to be higher in the HMS group, whereas the overall microbiota differed between LMS and HMS groups. RFP12, Verrucomicrobia, Oscillospira, Porphyromonadaceae, and Paludibacter were differentially abundant in the HMS group, whereas Olsenella was abundant in the LMS group. Some marbling-associated bacterial taxa also contributed to the enrichment of two lipid metabolic pathways including “alpha-linolenic acid metabolism” and “fatty acid biosynthesis” in the HMS microbiome. Taxonomic drivers of fatty acid biosynthesis, particularly in the rumen microbiome of high-marbled meat, could thus be further studied to increase the intramuscular fat content.

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