School zone safety diagnosis using automated conflicts analysis technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 802-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passant Reyad ◽  
Tarek Sayed ◽  
Mohamed H. Zaki ◽  
Shewkar E. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Student Safety ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Community Livability ◽  
Safety Diagnosis

School safety is a high priority for road safety agencies worldwide due to the growing concerns about student safety and emphasis on community livability. However, the lack of consistent data available at schools makes it challenging for engineers to understand the safety issues faced accurately. Traffic conflicts have been advocated in the literature as a surrogate safety measure due to the advantages it offers for road safety evaluations. This paper demonstrates the capability of automated traffic safety diagnosis at a school using computer vision techniques. The selected school is located in a residential area in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, and is on a main roadway in the neighbourhood. The age group of the school is from 5 to 16 years old (corresponding to Grade 1 to 9 respectively). Data are collected during the fall and winter terms. The severity and frequency of conflicts and traffic violations were analyzed to quantify the safety concerns. These concerns included driving violations, jaywalking violations as well as conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles as well as between vehicles and each other. Hourly and seasonal trends were observed and analyzed to assist in the selection of treatments and recommendations to improve the safety around schools. The results show that pedestrian safety has improved in winter due to lower vehicle speeds.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PROGRAM ROAD SAFETY PARTNERSHIP ACTION POLICE GOES TO SCHOOL DI SMA NEGERI 6 DAN SMK PEMBANGUNAN KOTA BOGOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Retno Wulandari ◽  
Euis Salbiah ◽  
M.YGG Seran
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Study Population

The purpose of this study  is to know the Road Safety Partnership Action Program Police Goes To School at SMAN 6 and SMK Pembangunan in Bogor City.The theory used in this research is by using policy evaluation from William N. Dunn which stating that to measure the success of an evaluation of the program can be measured through six variables: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. The method used is descriptive analysis using quantitative approach. Data analysis technique used is by using the calculation of Weight Mean Score (WMS). Data collection techniques used are literature studies and field studies. The study population are 1,857 students from two schools. While the sampling technique used is proportionate stratified random sampling (stratified proportional). The samples using Yamane formula thus obtained sample are 180 respondents.The results of Program Evaluation Research Road Safety Partnership Action Police Goes To School in SMA 6 and SMK Pembangunan Bogor City obtained a score of 3.64 (in scale of 5) which, according to the interpretation of the criteria that are in “good” categories, although it is still the number of violations that occurred among students. This happens due to the lack of awareness of students in traffic, do not care about the safety and ignore the socialization conducted by the police about the ethics of a good drive to support traffic safety and reduce the number of traffic violations or accidents. Efforts are being made to address the problem is by imposing preventive methods (prevention) and applying repressive methods (in applying force). Keywords: Evaluation, Program, Violation

scholarly journals Safety Improvements by Converting a Standard Roundabout with Unbalanced Flow Distribution into an Egg Turbo Roundabout: Simulation Approach to a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gallelli ◽  
Rosolino Vaiana
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level

In 2011, the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) developed a Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020. Among the categories or “pillars” of activities, is the improvement of road safety for infrastructures. Furthermore, this plan is aligned by the UN Sustainable Development Goals that included even traffic safety. In this regard, this study estimates safety improvements achieved by converting a standard roundabout into an egg turbo roundabout. In particular, turbo roundabouts have become very popular in Northern Europe for both their safety and their capacity. Many studies have shown these advantages thanks to their features: preventive separation of entering flows, limited lane changing and low speeds due to curbs. Given the absence of existing turbo roundabouts in Italy, this research studied and compared a “virtual” roundabout with spiraling circular carriageways to an existing multi-lane roundabout in order to assess its significant reduction in terms of potential collisions. This study relied on traffic conflicts in micro-simulation by using VISSIM software and then Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). The research is based on the traffic process observed at a standard roundabout in Cosenza (Italy) marked by a high level of congestion and safety problems. Speeds, critical gaps, queue lengths, and floating car data, obtained from video observations, have been used as input data for the calibration procedure of the first scenario (case study roundabout). Then, the turbo roundabout solution was built and simulated by using the previously derived parameters. Finally, the two roundabout scenarios were compared in terms of spatial distribution of the potential conflicts determined by SSAM. The results could help to measure the performance and safety impact of these two roundabout configurations.

Traffic Violations: A Study of Measures Aimed at Bringing Perpetrators to Justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Yerzhan Maratovich KHAKIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to a study of administrative and legal enforcement actions against violators of road safety (RS) laws used in the Republic of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries. The aim of the present article is to analyze ways of bringing to justice the perpetrators of traffic offences in the national legislation of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries, to assess their effectiveness and the possibility of using foreign experience in the national legal field. The article examines the foreign organizational and legal experience in the application of administrative responsibility for violators of RS laws and the administrative regulations of Kazakhstan; the conclusions have been made, and the recommendations for further improvement of measures to bring to justice violators of RS laws have been given. The author subjects the use of the fine as the main mechanism for bringing to justice perpetrators of the traffic violations to fair criticism. Based on the study of normative materials on administrative law and the experience of foreign countries in counteraction to RS violations, the author suggests ways to eliminate causes and conditions for committing traffic safety violations and formulates the proposals for further improvement of the administrative legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, excluding the prevarication when using the data of photo and video fixation of traffic offences. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and practical activities in addressing the issues of law violation prevention, the comparative characteristics of the norms of responsibility for RS violations of Kazakhstan and foreign countries laws, and in the subsequent reform of statutory regulations on administrative offences.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq ◽  
Sarbast Moslem ◽  
Szabolcs Duleba
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Difference

Driver behavior has been considered as the most influential factor in reducing fatal road accidents and the resulting injuries. Thus, it is important to focus on the significance of driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for a sustainable traffic system. The recent study aims to enumerate the most significant driver behavior factors which have a critical impact on road safety. The well-proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied for 20 examined driver behavior factors in a three-level hierarchical structure. Linguistic judgment data have been collected from three nominated evaluator groups in order to detect the difference of responses on perceived road safety issues. The comparison scales had been averaged prior to computing the weights of driver behavior factors. The AHP ranking results have revealed that most of the drivers are most concerned about the “Errors”, followed by the “Lapses” for the first level. The highest influential sub-criteria for the second level is the “Aggressive violations” and for the third level, the “Drive with alcohol use”. Kendall’s rank correlation has also been applied to detect the agreement degree among the evaluator groups for each level in the hierarchical structure. The estimated results indicate that road management authorities should focus on high-rank significant driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for sustainable traffic safety.

LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLES AND ROAD SAFETY

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aivis Grīslis
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the features of Longer Combination Vehicles (LCVs) and road safety issues. LCVs are road vehicles that exceed dimensions of a typical or standard heavy truck‐trailer or tractor‐semitrailer combination vehicles in length or length and weight. The systematization of LCVs is done. Several areas, which are likely to benefit through LCVs, are listed and described. The analysis of literature review is made in the areas where additional problems may be encountered using LCVs. Several engineering factors such as resistance to rollover, swept‐path parameters, vehicle capabilities of accelerating and maintaining speed as well as braking performance are analyzed. Several research projects on traffic accident analysis have been looked through to compare their conclusions about traffic safety of LCVs. The analysis of discussions related to LCVs traffic safety issues is provided. Some transportation experts and community groups have conflicting views about road safety issues of LCVs. The opinions and related arguments of both parties are discussed in this paper. Several technical improvements in designing LCVs and the importance of driver training programs are described.

scholarly journals Application Of Safety Inspections For Evaluation Of Two – Lane Regional Roads In Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cafiso ◽  
M. Kieć ◽  
M. Milazzo ◽  
G. Pappalardo ◽  
F. Trovato
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Safety Inspections

AbstractIn the paper methods for conducting Road Safety Inspections (SIs) in Italy and Poland are described and compared. The goal of the study is to improve the quality and efficiency of the safety inspections of road network by using low cost equipment (GPS, Tablet, Camera) and specific software. Particular attention was paid to the need for proper calibration of factors, causing traffic safety hazard associated with road infrastructure. The model developed according to the Italian procedures was adapted to comply with the checklists and evaluation criteria of the Polish guidelines. Overall, a good agreement between the two approaches was identified, however some modification was required to include new safety issues, characteristic for the Polish network for safety inspection of two lane rural roads. To test the applicability about 100 km of regional two lane roads in Poland were inspected with Polish and Italian procedures.

scholarly journals Criminal-legal meaning of traffic and vehicle operation safety rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Myslyvyy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Safety Rules

The author has considered criminal-legal matters related to practice of application of criminal and other branch legislation and regulations in the field of road safety. The article highlights problems of the use in investigative and judicial practice of criminal law and related rules of sectoral traffic law, as well as the requirements of traffic safety and vehicles operation rules during the assessment of criminal offenses under Art. 286 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The author has proved the organic interrelation of blanket dispositions of criminal legal rules with the corresponding provisions of branch legislative acts and traffic safety and vehicle operation rules which are most often broken by actors of these criminal offenses. He has examined the characteristic of the specified rules in view of their criminal-legal value during the criminal-legal analysis and assessment of the socially dangerous actions which are considered. The classification of the specified rules has been offered. Based on the analysis of case law, the peculiarities of the application of certain types of road safety rules, as well as some issues of their improvement have been considered. The proposals on optimization of the branch legislation on road traffic with inclusion in it as a component of traffic rules have been supported. An improved version of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in view of the normative and legal content of its blanket disposition, as well as the need to further improve its legislative and regulatory framework has been supported. The author has pointed out the need to eliminate the gaps caused by the lack of timely legal regu-lation of road safety issues that arose with the emergence and operation of new vehicles (electric scooters, jet skis, unicycles, etc.).

scholarly journals Use of passive safety supporting structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 03018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supporting Structures

Road safety issues have been raised for many years in subsequent national and EU documents. An example of a Polish document is the National Road Safety Program for 2013-2020 [1]. The priorities and measures adopted in the document [1] relate mainly to the environment and road furnishings making up the so-called passive road safety. In accordance with PN-EN 12767: 2008 [2], road lighting columns, as well as supporting structures for vertical road marking and traffic safety devices should be constructed in such a way that they do not pose a threat to road users in case of unforeseen situations ending up in a collision. Three categories of passive safety of support structures depending on the level of energy absorption during vehicle impact can be distinguished: high energy absorbing (HE), low energy absorbing (LE) and non-energy absorbing (NE) energy. The article presents an overview of solutions of several countries (USA, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Great Britain, Slovakia and Poland) in the use of support structures that minimize the impact of a collision. Particular attention was paid to the fact that due to the potential risk of secondary injuries sustained by other road users (pedestrians and cyclists) in relation to a specific installation site and designated speed limit, constructions in the HE or NE absorption class or even Class 0 constructions should be used.

scholarly journals O uso da microssimulação na avaliação do desempenho da segurança viária

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Flávio José Craveiro Cunto ◽  
Carlos Felipe Grangeiro Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Microscopic Modeling ◽  
Surrogate Safety Measures ◽  
Conceptual Evolution

<strong>Resumo</strong>: Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sistematizada sobre os diversos aspectos que caracterizam o potencial do uso da mi-crossimulação em estudos de segurança de tráfego. Inicialmente, faz-se uma revisão dos principais indicadores de desempenho da segu-rança viária, analisando sua evolução conceitual e a pertinência na utilização de modelos de microssimulação na sua estimativa. Em se-guida, são descritas as principais características dos simuladores a serem observadas quando utilizados em estudos de segurança. São discutidos também aspectos referentes ao processo de calibração e validação dos algoritmos de modelagem microscópica para esse tipo de aplicação, além da necessidade de validar a relação entre indicador simulado e situações de risco de acidentes observadas em campo. Ao final, conclui-se que são inúmeras as oportunidades e os desafios de pesquisa nessa área, incluindo novas formas de representação dos conflitos/interações no tráfego, as simplificações inerentes aos algoritmos de modelagem microscópica, os procedimentos de calibração e validação desses algoritmos, assim como a validade relativa dos indicadores de desempenho para refletirem o contexto real da segurança viária.<br /><br /><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: simulação microscópica, segurança viária, indicadores proxy de segurança viária.<br /><br /><strong>Abstract</strong>: This paper presents a systemized discussion on the different aspects that characterize the potential use of microscopic simu-lation in traffic safety studies. Initially, it is presented a literature review on the existing traffic safety performance measures, analyzing their conceptual evolution and the appropriateness of using microscopic simulation models in their estimation. Following, there is a description of the main characteristics of traffic simulators to be observed when applied to safety studies. There is also a discussion on the aspects related to calibrating and validating microscopic modeling algorithms for this type of application, as well as the need to validate the relationship between simulated measures and imminent accident situations observed on the field. At last, it is concluded that there are many research opportunities and challenges in this area, including new means of representing traffic conflicts/interactions, simplifications inherent to microscopic modeling algorithms, procedures for calibrating and validating these algorithms, as well as the relative validity of the performance measures to reflect the real context of road safety.<br /><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: microscopic simulation, road safety, surrogate safety measures.<br /><br /><br />

Students’ Individual Rights: Safety and Privacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Fourth Amendment ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Discipline Problems ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Student Privacy

This chapter addresses problems faced by educators attempting to provide their students with a safe and effective learning environment. Drugs and weapons in many schools pose serious safety and discipline problems, while threats of violence from sources outside the school have become increasingly serious. Educators deal with these problems while students enjoy Fourth Amendment rights. Often the privacy rights of students conflict with the interests of school officials. The task of the law is to accommodate the respective interests of educators and students. The discussion herein addresses some of these issues of student privacy and safety. The examination of school privacy focuses on the extent to which the Fourth Amendment’s protection against “unreasonable searches and seizures” applies to those attending public schools. The Fourth Amendment discussion illustrates the often-conflicting obligation of educators to keep those in their charge safe while at the same time respecting student privacy concerns. School safety interests also exist outside the context of the Fourth Amendment as illustrated by strategies to keep schools safe from threats such as those dramatically manifested by school shootings killing multiple students. Some such strategies, along with discussion of the dangers of cell phones in schools, will be reviewed in this chapter. The Fourth Amendment section considers the relevant U.S. Supreme Court decisions addressing student rights under the Fourth Amendment, as well as reviewing lower court cases treating issues left open by the Supreme Court. The chapter concludes by highlighting school safety issues not directly involving the Fourth Amendment.

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