scholarly journals Inuvialuit Knowledge of Pacific Salmon Range Expansion in the Western Canadian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander Kaleb Einar Chila ◽  
Karen Dunmall ◽  
Tracey Proverbs ◽  
Trevor Lantz ◽  
Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
History Of

Rapid climate change is altering Arctic ecosystems and significantly affecting the livelihoods and cultural traditions of Arctic Indigenous peoples. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), an increase in the harvest of Pacific salmon indicates largescale changes influencing Inuvialuit fisheries. In this project we recorded and synthesized Inuvialuit knowledge of Pacific salmon. We conducted 54 interviews with Inuvialuit fishers about the history of Pacific salmon harvest, how it has changed in recent decades, and concurrent changes to local environments and fish species. Our interviews show that historic, incidental salmon harvest in the ISR ranged from infrequent to common among western communities, but was rare or unprecedented among eastern communities. Participants in all six communities reported a recent increase in salmon harvest and attributed this shift to regional environmental change. Fishers were concerned that salmon would negatively affect their cultural traditions and preferred fish species. Given uncertainty about the effects of salmon on local fisheries, research on salmon diets in the Arctic, their subsidies to Arctic freshwater systems, and the likelihood of their establishment is vital.

scholarly journals Exhibition Note: Lines in the Ice at the British Library

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
British Library ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
American Interest ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Innovation

During the winter of 2014-15 the British Library ran a medium-sized exhibition in its Entrance Hall Gallery, Lines in the Ice: Seeking the Northwest Passage. Fortuitously benefiting from news in the summer of 2014 about the location of HMS Erebus, one of the ships from the fateful expedition of Sir John Franklin, the exhibition sought to take a long view of the history of polar exploration, particularly in the Canadian Arctic. In so doing, the aim of the exhibition was to explore the circumstances which have maintained European and North American interest in the Arctic, from trade to resources and geopolitics. The exhibition sought to ask how this has developed and what effect it has had on the societies of the explorers and the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Within this historical narrative, science, innovation and technology played an important role. This note considers how the exhibition developed our understanding of the historic and contemporary significance of science and its practice in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Societal implications of a changing Arctic Ocean

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Huntington ◽  
Andrey Zagorsky ◽  
Bjørn P. Kaltenborn ◽  
Hyoung Chul Shin ◽  
Jackie Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid change: sea ice is being lost, waters are warming, coastlines are eroding, species are moving into new areas, and more. This paper explores the many ways that a changing Arctic Ocean affects societies in the Arctic and around the world. In the Arctic, Indigenous Peoples are again seeing their food security threatened and cultural continuity in danger of disruption. Resource development is increasing as is interest in tourism and possibilities for trans-Arctic maritime trade, creating new opportunities and also new stresses. Beyond the Arctic, changes in sea ice affect mid-latitude weather, and Arctic economic opportunities may re-shape commodities and transportation markets. Rising interest in the Arctic is also raising geopolitical tensions about the region. What happens next depends in large part on the choices made within and beyond the Arctic concerning global climate change and industrial policies and Arctic ecosystems and cultures.

Claiming Spaces for Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-199
Author(s):  
Adam M. Sowards
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Reciprocal Process

Exploration has always centered on claims: for country, for commerce, for character. Claims for useful scientific knowledge also grew out of exploration’s varied activities across space and time. The history of the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913–18 exposes the complicated process of claim-making. The expedition operated in and made claims on many spaces, both material and rhetorical, or, put differently, in several natural and discursive spaces. In making claims for science, the explorer-scientists navigated competing demands on their commitments and activities from their own predilections and from external forces. Incorporating Arctic spaces into the Canadian polity had become a high priority during the era when the CAE traversed the Arctic. Science through exploration—practices on the ground and especially through scientific and popular discourse—facilitated this integration. So, claiming space was something done on the ground, through professional literature, and within popular narratives—and not always for the same ends. The resulting narrative tensions reveal the messy material, political, and rhetorical spaces where humans do science. This article demonstrates how explorer-scientists claimed material and discursive spaces to establish and solidify their scientific authority. When the CAE claimed its spaces in nature, nation, and narrative, it refracted a reciprocal process whereby the demands of environment, state, and discourse also claimed the CAE.

Cultural and Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Venezuela

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-134
Author(s):  
Soledad Torrecuadrada García-Lozano ◽  
Vladimir Aguilar Castro ◽  
Carlos Grimaldo Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Perspective

In this chapter, the authors attempt to demonstrate that respect for cultural identity of all human groups should be seen as a fundamental right. Ignoring Collective rights of indigenous peoples, those related to their cultural traditions, generally causes the lack of respect. Thus, knowledge of the cultural manifestations and their origin and meaning (as part of the history of the territories they inhabit) can conquer this respect on a par with its defense. This obviously with comprehensive training aimed to sensitize the general population in the positive assessment it deserves it different. The actions of nation-states governments with strong indigenous population has been characterized, until recently, by a remarkable disregard for indigenous cultures, having as a result the result of which such attitude, today from the non - indigenous perspective indigenous cultural manifestations are reduced to colorful folklore shows, when not seen as backward and primitive traditions. This chapter delves deeply into the legal framework for the protection of collective and cultural rights of indigenous peoples. The authors also attempt to show the weaknesses of the law and how states should act to strengthen them. Proposed article does emphasis on indigenous traditional knowledge and not in a wider debate on the topic of knowledge in general.

scholarly journals Structural violence and the 1962-1963 tuberculosis epidemic in Eskimo Point, N.W.T.

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank James Tester ◽  
Paule McNicoll ◽  
Quyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Structural Violence ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Coast

In the winter of 1962-1963, an epidemic of tuberculosis broke out in Eskimo Point, an Inuit community on the west coast of Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic. The outbreak was made possible by bad living conditions, among the worst ever documented in the history of the Canadian Arctic. The epidemic reveals the intersection of social attitudes, the economic logic of a postwar Canadian welfare state, and the difficult transition being made by Inuit moving from tents, igloos, and land-based camps to settlements along the Arctic coast. It is a case of “structural violence” where rules, policies, and social institutions operate in ways that cause physical and psychological harm to people lacking the power and/or resources necessary to changing the social systems and conditions in which they live. Both individuals and entire communities are affected. With regard to past—and present—Inuit housing conditions, we invoke the concept of structural violence to stress the importance of identifying and speaking about public health problems as a violation of internationally recognised human rights.

scholarly journals A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Huntington ◽  
Patricia L. Corcoran ◽  
Liisa Jantunen ◽  
Clara Thaysen ◽  
Sarah Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Microplastics are a globally ubiquitous contaminant, invading the most remote regions, including the Arctic. To date, our understanding of the distribution and sources of microplastics in the Arctic is limited but growing. This study aims to advance our understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. Surface water, zooplankton, sediment, and snow samples were collected from Hudson Bay to north Baffin Bay onboard the CCGS Amundsen from July to August 2017. Samples were examined for microplastics, which were chemically identified via Raman spectroscopy for surface water and zooplankton and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for sediment. We found that 90% of surface water and zooplankton samples, and 85% of sediment samples, contained microplastics or other anthropogenic particles. Mean anthropogenic particle concentrations, which includes microplastics, were 0.22 ± 0.23 (per litre) for surface water, 3.51 ± 4.00 (per gram) for zooplankton, and 1.94 ± 4.12 (per gram) for sediment. These concentrations were not related to the human populations upstream, suggesting that microplastic contamination in the Arctic is from long-range transport. Overall, this study highlights the presence of microplastics across the eastern Canadian Arctic, in multiple media, and offers evidence of long-range transport via ocean and atmospheric currents. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects to Arctic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Paleolithic Industries in Altai According to the Archaeological Records of Denisova Cave

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Михаил Шуньков ◽  
Mihail Shun'kov ◽  
Анатолий Деревянко ◽  
Anatoliy Derevyanko ◽  
Максим Козликин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Core Issues

Today, Altai has the most insightful archaeological sites reflecting the ancient history of the vast space spanning from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean. The most engaging findings in the study of the primitive period were obtained in the North-Western part of Altai based on the materials of a crosscutting study of multilayer Paleolithic sites in the valley upstream of the River Anuy. The longest cultural timeline was stu­died in Denisova Cave. Analysing the Pleistocene cave deposits, the researchers applied a number of modern methods in archeology, stratigraphy, lithology, paleontology, geochronology, and other related sciences. Besides cave deposits with numerous artefacts, they discovered extensive paleontological materials, which helped to trace the evolution of cultural traditions from the primitive period to the end of the Paleolithic era and reconstruct the living conditions of the primitive human beings across the paleogeographic stages of the Pleistocene. The latest anthropological discoveries in the cave are associated with the core issues in the development of Homo genus and the formation of modern man.

scholarly journals Economic development of a region with a unique ecological system

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07022
Author(s):  
Larisa Desfonteines ◽  
Elena Korchagina ◽  
Natalia Strekalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers the possibility of developing the economy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the preservation of the ecological system of the region and the national and cultural characteristics of the indigenous population. The analysis of the resource potential of the region is given, recommendations for the development of the region's economy using the labor potential of the population living there are offered. The article analyzes the development of the region and the possibility of creating eco-friendly enterprises, the work of which does not violate the natural balance of the Arctic. The article highlights the main elements of the Arctic economic system that require support at the level of strategic development of the state and determine the key positions in the development of the region. The article considers the constraints and problems that hinder the economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the conditions for preserving the uniqueness of the nature and culture of the indigenous peoples of the region. The potential of the economic development of the region is investigated. Innovative options for the development of the region in combination with modern technologies for preserving the unique ecological system and the identity of the indigenous population are considered. Promising directions of economic development of the Arctic region while preserving the uniqueness of nature and cultural traditions of indigenous peoples are proposed.

The drift of ice islands from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Canadian Arctic archipelago: the history of Hobson's Choice Ice Island

Polar Record ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (171) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Jeffries ◽  
M. Amanda Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Buoy Data

ABSTRACTThe drift of Hobson's Choice Ice Island from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canadian Arctic, between February 1988 and August 1992, was monitored by a Système Argos satellite-positioning buoy. During the period August 1991 to May 1992, the ice island was imaged by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite. The buoy data show that Hobson's Choice entered Peary Channel (between Axel Heiberg Island and Ellef Ringnes Island) in October 1988. Subsequently, between mid-August 1991 and November 1991, it drifted rapidly south to Queens Channel (60 km north of Cornwallis Island). The SAR data corroborate the buoy data and also reveal that at least six other ice islands entered the Queen Elizabeth Islands' channels with Hobson's Choice. The SAR imagery also recorded the fragmentation of Hobson's Choice between mid-October and mid-November 1991. The buoy and SAR data are conclusive evidence that ice islands do leave the Arctic Ocean via the northwestern channels of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. The observed drift occurred when there was extensive break-up of fast ice in the inter-island channels caused by above average summer temperatures, in combination with favourable atmospheric circulation and surface winds that drove the ice islands into and through the channels.

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