scholarly journals Seedling, early vegetative, and adult plant growth of oilseed rapes (Brassica napus L.) under saline stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-941
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Gyawali ◽  
Isobel A.P. Parkin ◽  
Harold Steppuhn ◽  
Miles Buchwaldt ◽  
Bijaya Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Progress Curve

Salinity is a major limiting factor for early crop establishment and yield. In this study, 131 Brassica napus genotypes were evaluated for germination and early seedling growth in Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with NaCl. Selected genotypes were then evaluated for tolerance to salinity at the vegetative and reproductive stages in greenhouse and semi-hydroponic systems using 1.4, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 28 dS m−1 salt stress. Relative salt tolerance (RST) was calculated and compared with genotype performance under no salt stress (control). The area under the germination progress curve (AUGPC) varied from 53 to 90 in the control and from 6 to 89 under 200 mmol L−1 NaCl stress. The seedling vigor index (SVI) ranged from 200 to 1606 and 10 to 736 in the control and 200 mmol L−1 salt stress treatments, respectively. The RST for germination, root length, shoot length, and SVI ranged from 8% to 97.7%, 2% to 98.3%, 6.5% to 70.8%, and 1.9% to 83%, respectively. Root length was most severely affected by saline conditions, followed by shoot length and AUGPC, when RST percentages of these traits were compared among responses of the 131 genotypes. Genotypes showed varying levels of proline and glucosinolate accumulation under different levels of saline stress. Greater accumulation of proline and glucosinolates was recorded with increased salinity level. This study indicates that variation exists in seedling and adult plant responses to saline stress in B. napus genotypes and that improvement for salinity tolerance requires selection at the seedling, vegetative, and reproductive plant stages.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Amir M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Improvement Programs

Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on the growth of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined the effects of salinity on five spring and five winter wheat genotypes seedlings. We evaluated the salt stress on root and shoot growth attributes, i.e., root length (RL), shoot length (SL), the relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), and shoot length (RGR-SL). The ionic content of the leaves was also measured. Physiological traits were also assessed, including stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and light-adapted leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, i.e., the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv′/Fm′) and instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft). Physiological and growth performance under salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mol/L) were explored at the seedling stage. The analysis showed that spring wheat accumulated low Na+ and high K+ in leaf blades compared with winter wheat. Among the genotypes, Sakha 8, S-24, W4909, and W4910 performed better and had improved physiological attributes (gs, Fv′/Fm′, and Ft) and seedling growth traits (RL, SL, RGR-SL, and RGR-RL), which were strongly linked with proper Na+ and K+ discrimination in leaves and the CCI in leaves. The identified genotypes could represent valuable resources for genetic improvement programs to provide a greater understanding of plant tolerance to salt stress.

Characterising canola pollen germination across a temperature gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Morrison ◽  
Allison Gutknecht ◽  
John Chan ◽  
S. Shea Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

If predictions are correct, heat stress during reproduction will become a yield limiting factor in many world crops and breeding heat stress tolerance a major goal. The objective of our paper was to highlight a novel system to investigate the influence of temperature (T) on pollen germination using a thermal gradient PCR programmed to establish differential Ts across 12 wells of a PCR plate. Seven cultivars of Brassica napus L. were grown through flowering in a cool growth cabinet (20/15°C day/night) or a heat stress cabinet (HST, 27/22°C day/night). Pollen from each cultivar × cabinet combination was aspirated from 6 opened flowers, and suspended in germination media. Drops of the pollen suspension were floated on media in each well, and the PCR T was set to 30°C with a gradient of ± 10°C, creating a range from ~20 to 40°C from left to right. After an 8 h treatment, the pollen germination (pg, %) and pollen tube growth score (ptg, 1–5) were evaluated using a microscope. There were significant differences among cultivars for pg and ptg score and significant differences among well T for pg and ptg score. Pollen tubes grew best at T from 20 to 23°C. Well T exceeding 33°C reduced pg and ptg score, although 3 of the 8 cultivars had good pg even at 36°C. HST >29°C, in a growth cabinet, generally resulted in B. napus raceme sterility, although our experiment showed that pollen was still capable of germinating up to 33°C, indicating that pollen germination may not be the only reason for heat stress susceptibility.

scholarly journals A Study of Proline Metabolism in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings under Salt Stress

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5803-5815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubshara Saadia ◽  
Amer Jamil ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll a fluorescence as indicative of the salt stress on Brassica napus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Bacarin ◽  
Sidnei Deuner ◽  
Fabio Sergio Paulino da Silva ◽  
Daniela Cassol ◽  
Diolina Moura Silva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals The Vascular Pathogen Verticillium longisporum Does Not Affect Water Relations and Plant Responses to Drought Stress of Its Host, Brassica napus

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Teshome Lopisso ◽  
Jessica Knüfer ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum

Verticillium longisporum is a host-specific vascular pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that causes economic crop losses by impairing plant growth and inducing premature senescence. This study investigates whether plant damage through Verticillium stem striping is due to impaired plant water relations, whether V. longisporum affects responses of a susceptible B. napus variety to drought stress, and whether drought stress, in turn, affects plant responses to V. longisporum. Two-factorial experiments on a susceptible cultivar of B. napus infected or noninfected with V. longisporum and exposed to three watering levels (30, 60, and 100% field capacity) revealed that drought stress and V. longisporum impaired plant growth by entirely different mechanisms. Although both stresses similarly affected plant growth parameters (plant height, hypocotyl diameter, and shoot and root dry matter), infection of B. napus with V. longisporum did not affect any drought-related physiological or molecular genetic plant parameters, including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency, relative leaf water content, leaf proline content, or the expression of drought-responsive genes. Thus, this study provides comprehensive physiological and molecular genetic evidence explaining the lack of wilt symptoms in B. napus infected with V. longisporum. Likewise, drought tolerance of B. napus was unaffected by V. longisporum, as was the level of disease by drought conditions, thus excluding a concerted action of both stresses in the field. Although it is evident that drought and vascular infection with V. longisporum impair plant growth by different mechanisms, it remains to be determined by which other factors V. longisporum causes crop loss.

scholarly journals RNAseq Analysis Reveals Altered Expression of Key Ion Transporters Causing Differential Uptake of Selective Ions in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Grown under NaCl Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobina Ulfat ◽  
Habib-ur-Rehman Athar ◽  
Zaheerud-din Khan ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses prevailing throughout the world that severely limits crop establishment and production. Every crop has an intra-specific genetic variation that enables it to cope with variable environmental conditions. Hence, this genetic variability is a good tool to exploit germplasms in salt-affected areas. Further, the selected cultivars can be effectively used by plant breeders and molecular biologists for the improvement of salinity tolerance. In the present study, it was planned to identify differential expression of genes associated with selective uptake of different ions under salt stress in selected salt-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar. For the purpose, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth response of different salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant canola cultivars. Plants were subjected to 200 mM NaCl stress. Canola cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, Dunkled, and CON-II—had higher growth than in cvs Cyclone, Ac-EXcel, Legend, and Oscar. Salt-tolerant cultivars were better able to maintain plant water status probably through osmotic adjustment as compared to salt-sensitive cultivars. Although salt stress increased shoot Na+ and shoot Cl− contents in all canola cultivars, salt-tolerant cultivars had a lower accumulation of these toxic nutrients. Similarly, salt stress reduced shoot K+ and Ca2+ contents in all canola cultivars, while salt-tolerant cultivars had a higher accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in leaves, thereby having greater shoot K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios. Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased significantly in all canola cultivars due to the imposition of salt stress; however, it was greater in salt-tolerant cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, and Dunkled. Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars, cv Dunkled was maximal in physiological attributes, and thus differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed in it by RNA-seq analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) in cv Dunkled under salt stress were found to be involved in the regulation of ionic concentration, photosynthesis, antioxidants, and hormonal metabolism. However, the most prominent upregulated DEGs included Na/K transporter, HKT1, potassium transporter, potassium channel, chloride channel, cation exchanger, Ca channel. The RNA-seq data were validated through qRT-PCR. It was thus concluded that genes related to the regulation of ionic concentrate are significantly upregulated and expressed under salt stress, in the cultivar Dunkled.

scholarly journals The Potentiality of Marine Macro-Algae as Bio-Fertilizers to Improve the Productivity and Salt Stress Tolerance of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem H.A. ◽  
Mansour H.A. ◽  
El-Khawas S.A. ◽  
Hassanein R.A.
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to evaluate the potentiality of three seaweeds, which belong to different algal taxa (green alga Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, brown alga Cystoseira spp., and red alga Gelidium crinale (Hare ex Turner) Gaillon) as bio-fertilizers to improve the growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) plants under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, the impact of seaweeds in alleviating the effects of salt stress (75 and 150 mM NaCl) on canola plants was also investigated. The three examined seaweeds (applied as soil amendments) successfully alleviated the harmful effects of salinity on canola plants by significantly reducing the inhibition of chlorophyll a, b, total carbohydrate accumulation, and growth promoting hormones, while increasing antioxidative compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and osmoprotectants, including total carbohydrates and proline. Phytochemical analysis of the three examined seaweeds suggests that their stimulatory effect on growth and productivity under normal and salinity growth conditions may be linked to their constituents of a wide variety of growth promotive hormones, including indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins, total carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. U. lactuca was found to be the best candidate to be used as a bio-fertilizer to improve canola growth, yield, and salt stress tolerance.

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

Screening rhizobacteria for improving the growth, yield, and oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Asghar ◽  
Z. A. Zahir ◽  
M. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

One hundred rhizobacteria previously isolated from the rhizospheres of Brassica species were screened for their growth promoting activity in Brassica napus L. under gnotobiotic conditions. Results revealed that 58% of the rhizobacteria increased root length (up to 139%), 39% enhanced shoot length (up to 78%), and shoot weight (up to 72%) of Brassica napus L. Based upon growth promotion of B. napus seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions, 10 promising plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were selected and tested for their effectiveness in growth promotion, yield, and oil content of B. napus grown in pots. The pot trials revealed that inoculation with selected PGPR increased plant height, root length, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and oil content over a range of 7–57% above the uninoculated control. These isolates were then assayed for their ability to produce auxins in vitro in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. Regression analysis showed that in vitro auxin production by these bacteria was significantly related to the number of branches and oil content of B. napus. It is highly likely that improvement in growth and yield of the inoculated plants is due to an increase in the number of branches per plant, since there was a positive correlation of this growth parameter with the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and seed oil content. Results indicated that simultaneous screening of rhizobacteria for growth promotion under gnotobiotic conditions and in vitro production of auxins could be a useful approach for selecting effective PGPR.

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