THE MIGRATION OF FUNGAL NUCLEI IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Dowding ◽  
E. H. Gowan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Neurospora Tetrasperma

The mycelium of Neurospora tetrasperma readily conducts an electric current. During the time an electric current of about 5 μa. is allowed to pass through cultures of N. tetrasperma or Gelasinospora tetrasperma, mycelial growth ceases almost entirely, but afterwards the fungi grow normally again and show no ill effects. Electric currents of the order of 1 or 10 μa. running in either direction through two fused strains of N. tetrasperma do not alter the normal direction of nuclear migration from one strain to the other.

Electric currents in the ionosphere - Ionization drift due to winds and electric fields

1953 ◽  
Vol 246 (913) ◽  
pp. 306-320 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Body Force ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Vertical Drift ◽  
Meteor Trails ◽  
Current Flows

An analysis is made of the drift velocity of the (neutral) ionization in a uniform ionosphere under the influences of an electric field and/or atmospheric wind. It is shown that this drift of ionization produces the Ampere body force on the medium; the electric current flows perpendicular to the drift. The motion of a cylinder of ionization, of density differing from the surrounding medium, is then studied. It is found that the motion is electrodynamically stable, but unstable hydrodynamically, if Hall conductivity is appreciable. In the latter event there is rapid accretion of (neutral) ionization on one side of the cylinder, depletion on the other. It is suggested that this is the origin of sporadic E ( E 5 )ionization, and is likely to be an important factor in the production of the long-enduring meteor trails detected by radio methods. Formulae are derived for the horizontal and vertical drift of ionization at all latitudes in a thin ionosphere in which vertical electric currents are prohibited by polarization. Graphs are given which permit derivation of the true wind or field in a given region of the ionosphere from experimental observations of the drift velocities.

scholarly journals Electric Currents Connected With the Proton Flares of 7 July and 2 September, 1966

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
A. B. Severny
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electric Currents

It is observed that the change of the net magnetic flux associated with flares can exceed 1017 Mx/s, which corresponds according to Maxwell's equation to the e.m.f. ∼ 109 V which is specific for the high energy protons generated in flares. It is shown that this value of e.m.f. can hardly be compensated by e.m.f. of inductance which should appear due to the actually measured motions in a flare generating active region. The values of electric field strength thus found, together with measured values of electric current density (from rotH), leads to an electric conductivity which is 103 times smaller than usually adopted.

scholarly journals The influence of homodromous and heterodromous electric currents on transmission of excitation in plant and animal

1915 ◽  
Vol 88 (607) ◽  
pp. 483-507 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Preparation ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Conducting Tissue ◽  
The One ◽  
Conduction Of Excitation ◽  
Stimulation Of

I have in a previous paper described investigation on the conduction of excitation in Mimosa pudica . It was there shown that the various characteristics of the propagation of excitation in the conducting tissue of the plant are in every way similar to those in the animal nerve. Hence it appeared probable that any newly found phenomenon in the one case was likely to lead to the discovery of a similar phenomenon in the other. A problem of great interest which has attracted my attention my attention for several years is the question whether, in a conducting tissue, excitation travels better with or against the direction of an electric current. The experimental difficulties presented in the prosecution of this enquiry are very numerous, the results being complicated by the joint effects of the direction of current on conductivity and of the poles on excitability. As regards the latter, the changes of excitability in the animal nerve under electrotonus have been demonstrated by the well-known experiments of pflüger. In a nerve-and-muscle preparation, the presence of a pole P is shown to induce a variation of excitability of a neighbouring point S. When P is kathode, the excitability of the point S, near it, is enhanced; stimulation of S, previously ineffective, now becomes effective, and the resulting excitation is transmitted to M, causing response of the muscle. Conversely, the application of anode at P causes a depression of excitability of S. Stimulus previously effective now becomes ineffective. In this manner the transmission of excitation may be indirectly modified by the polar variation of excitability of the stimulated point (fig. 1 a ).

II. Some experiments on the production of ozone

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 340-342 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Made In

The first experiment was made in order to see whether ozone could be formed by placing oxygen in a very strong electric field, the field, however, being just not strong enough to cause sparks to pass through the gas. This experiment finally took the following form:—ABC is a box made of flat pieces of glass about 1/16th of an inch thick, fastened together with paraffin; into the box two glass tubes, G and H, are inserted, the air entering the box through G, and leaving it through H. Against one side of the box a glass bottle, D, with flat sides, is placed and filled with water containing a little sulphuric acid, this serves as one electrode; the other electrode is a blackened tin plate, E, placed against the opposite side of the box, the distance between the electrodes being an inch and a half.

scholarly journals Parameters affecting the selectivity of an electrical insecticide

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Lahouaria Neddar ◽  
Samir Flazi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Body Sizes

Using an electrical approach in the field of agriculture can be considered as one of the solutions in order to control harmful flying insects. This technique is based on the use of a bio and selective electrical insecticide whose principle consists in attracting insects by the light then get them electrocuted by an electrical discharge. Moreover, There are several parameters that affect the selectivity of electrical insecticide such as: the light, the most efficient, the inter electrode distance, where the insect is exterminated, and the electric current that passes through the insect’s body. In this paper, a simulation study was carried out concerning the distribution of the electric field between two electrodes in presence of particle conductor while focusing on the different body sizes. On the other hand, an experimental study was conducted on live locusts to determine the effect of electrical current on insect’s body taking into account the voltage and frequency. Finally, the results are discussed and analyzed in this paper.

scholarly journals Electro-physiological researches.—Fourth memoir

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 629-629
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Physiological Action ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Current ◽  
Contrary Direction ◽  
Mixed Nerve

In the prosecution of his inquiries on the physiological action of electric currents, the author found it necessary to employ an apparatus, which was expressly made for him by M. Bréguet, adapted to the delicate appreciation of the intensity of the force of the mus­cular contractions excited by those currents; of which apparatus he gives a minute description, illustrated by a drawing. He was thus enabled to institute an exact comparison between the contrac­tions caused by the direct, and those by the reverse currents, both at the commencement and at the termination of their action. The following are the general conclusions he deduces from the experi­ments thus conducted. 1. The passage of the electric current through a mixed nerve pro­duces a variation in the excitability of the nerve, differing essen­tially in degree, according to the direction of the current through the nerve. This excitability is weakened and ultimately destroyed; and this takes place more or less rapidly according as the direct current , that is, a current circulating through the nerve from the centre to the periphery, is more or less intense. On the other hand, by the passage of the same current in the contrary direction, that is, from the periphery to the centre, or the inverse current , the ex­citability is preserved and increased.

Numerical Investigation of the Coulter Principle in a Microfluidic Device

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muheng Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Lian
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Sheath Flow ◽  
Coulter Counters ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Cell Motion

Coulter counters are analytical microfluidic instrument used to measure the size and concentration of biological cells or colloid particles suspended in electrolyte. The underlying working mechanism of Coulter counters is the Coulter principle which relies on the fact that when low-conductive cells pass through an electric field these cells cause disturbances in the measurement (current or voltage). Useful information about these cells can be obtained by analyzing these disturbances if an accurate correlation between the measured disturbances and cell characteristics. In this paper we use computational fluid dynamics method to investigate this correlation. The flow field is described by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the electric field is represented by a Laplace’s equation in which the conductivity is calculated from the Navier-Stokes equations, and the cell motion is calculated by solving the equations of motion. The accuracy of the code is validated by comparing with analytical solutions. The study is based on a coplanar Coulter counter with three inlets that consist of two sheath flow inlet and one conductive flow inlet. The effects of diffusivity, cell size, sheath flow rate, and cell geometry are discussed in details. The impacts of electrode size, gap between electrodes and electrode location on the measured distribution are also studied.

The ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize fatty acids and a lipid as a carbon source for mycelial growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Hattori ◽  
Akira Ohta ◽  
Masayuki Itaya ◽  
Mikio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Relative Utilization

We have investigated growth of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (i.e., 55 strains of 32 species in 15 genera) on saturated (palmitate), monounsaturated (oleate), diunsaturated (linoleate), triunsaturated (linolenate) fatty acids, and the triacylglyceride of oleate (triolein) lipid to elucidate an ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source for growth. Relative utilization ratios (URs, %) based on mycelial growth on glucose suggest that ECM fungi belonging to the family Thelephoraceae have an ability to utilize palmitate. On the other hand, ECM fungi in the genus Laccaria can utilize at least either palmitate or oleate. Furthermore, Hygropharus russula grows on palmitate, oleate, and slightly on triolein. Lactarius chrysorrheus grows only on palmitate. These fatty-acid- and lipid-utilizing fungi may be promising as model fungi for further elucidation of the metabolic ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source. On the contrary, the fungi in the genus Suillus were shown to scarcely utilize the fatty acids and lipid. Furthermore, most ECM fungi did not grow on either linoleate or linolenate.Key words: carbon source, ectomycorrhizal fungi, fatty acid, lipid, mycelial growth.

scholarly journals PERJALANAN ROHANI PERSPEKTIF KAUM SUFI

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Adnan Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
The Real ◽  
Spiritual Path ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Life Journey ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Sufi Order

Sufism as a spiritual life was frequently to be a return place for the tired man because of his life journey and an escape place for the pressed man. Beside that, actually sufism can strengthen the week individuals missing his self-existance. By sufism, they found the real meaning of life. In the teachings of sufi order, the seeker (salik) has to pass through spiritual path (thariqah) in order to know Allah as the Final Goal by passing a long journey and spiritual stations (maqamat) to improve their bad characteristics. This is significant to do for salikin, especially to make his inner empty, and then adorn and decorate it with all of good characteristics to reach higher and higher stations (maqamat). In the other hand, they found a religious-psycological experiences which is called ahwal to achive the spiritual experiences with Divine Reality (Haqiqah).

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