Effects of mulching with crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film on sunflower emergence, yield, and yield components under different irrigation intensity in the northwest arid regions, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxia Zhang ◽  
Fu Zhang ◽  
Zisheng Xing ◽  
Xiaolong Guo ◽  
Shijia Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sunflower Production

Crops in the northwest arid region of China frequently suffer from low emergence and poor yield due to high water deficit. Mulching is an important approach to reduce irrigation amount while increasing productivity but faces challenge of ecological adaptability in this region. A field experiment was carried out in the three growing seasons from 2011 to 2013 to study effects of mulching with crushed wheat straw padding and plastic film on sunflower seed emergence and yields under different irrigation intensities. A two factor (mulching, irrigation intensity) completely randomized block design was applied, resulting in a total of 12 treatments repeated three times. Mulching treatments includes: zero mulch (N), straw mulching at the beginning of trial (S), plastic film mulching when sowing (F), a commonly used mulching by local farmers, and double mulching with plastic film on the crushed wheat straw layer (SF). Irrigation intensity includes: High (H=900 m3 ha-1), Medium (M=750m3 ha-1), Low (L=600m3 ha-1). Results showed that all mulching treatments promoted early emergence of seedlings compared with N, with SF and F performing the better than the rest. SF was the best-performing mulching approach in this study, and had significantly improved sunflower yield and yield components compared with other treatments. In SF, medium irrigation level had significantly increased sunflower 100-seed weight. Therefore, SF with medium irrigation level showed the most positive effect on sunflower production and in now the recommended agronomic solution for sunflower production in the northwest arid regions and potentially, other irrigated areas with similar ecological conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Iron and Zinc Spray on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Monjezi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Shahid Salemi Farm in Ahwaz as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: Level A) full irrigation, Level B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and Level C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subsidiary plots were considered with and without iron and zinc spray. Influencing the seed filling process, in interaction with iron, wich is an important leaf's chlorophyll cation, zinc increased the seed yield. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) and the number of seeds per spike increased about 24% and 8.5% more than the one of control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of thousand kernels weight from 45.71 to 46.83 grams and the increase of spike from 49.51 to 51.73. Zinc spray increased seed yield and thousand kernels weight. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron and zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urea Super Granule as a Source of Nitrogen in Transplant Aman Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Qurashi ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
N Management ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of urea super granule (USG) as a source of nitrogen on the yield and yield components of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan46 and BINA dhan7. Five levels of N (viz., 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1 as prilled urea and 60 and 120 kg ha-1 as USG) were taken as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 and grain yield varied significantly due to different cultivars. All the yield and yield components except 1000-grain weight were influenced significantly by the levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest grain yield (4.82 t ha-1) was recorded in BINA dhan7 and the lowest one (4.30 t ha-1) was recorded in BRRI dhan39. Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 as USG performed the best among the treatments in respect of yield and yield components of rice. The highest grain yield (5.46t ha-1) was obtained from BINA dhan7 with 120 kg N ha-1 as USG which was statistically identical with 60 kg N ha-1 as USG. A considerable amount (31.25%) of prilled urea (PU) nitrogen could be saved by using USG. It may be concluded that USG could be used as N management to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency in reducing N loss than the PU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19095 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 29 - 37, 2013

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrogen (Urea) on Zea mays L. under Balkh province climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Nasratullah Habibi ◽  
Friba Sikandari
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Effect On Yield

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of urea fertilizer on yield and yield components of Zea mays L. Using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split plots in three replications in agricultural research farm of Balkh University by 2019. Doses of urea used in this experiment were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1 , respectively. It has been found that amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) had significant effect on yield of maize at p<0.05. The higher level of nitrogen caused the higher grain yield, number of kernels per ear, the number of grains per ear row, ear diameter, cob length, grain per plant and plant height. As a result 7.76 ton ha-1 was recorded as high yield while 240 kg ha-1 urea was used, and 5.12 ton ha-1 was recorded as low yield in treatment one with 0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, as a result using 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE REPOLHO SOB DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES NA PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA DE COBERTURA MORTA EM AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Eduardo Silva dos Santos ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽  
Elvira Maria Regis Pedrosa ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Brassica Oleraceae ◽  
Presence And Absence

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE REPOLHO SOB DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES NA PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA DE COBERTURA MORTA EM AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR EDUARDO SILVA DOS SANTOS1; ABELARDO ANTÔNIO DE ASSUNÇÃO MONTENEGRO2; ELVIRA MARIA REGIS PEDROSA2, ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA2 1Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 – Recife, PE. [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmão, CEPE: 52171-900 – Recife, PE. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 1 RESUMO O cultivo familiar de hortaliças no semiárido é de grande relevância econômica e social, sendo caracterizado por condições de escassez hídrica e baixa fertilidade dos solos. Por esses motivos, requer práticas de irrigação e de manejo agrícola. O presente estudo teve início em 22/11/2011, sendo conduzido até 18/03/2012, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adoção de práticas conservacionistas e de diferentes fontes de adubação, na presença e ausência de cobertura morta, na produtividade e componentes de produção do repolho Midore, em região semiárida, do Estado de Pernambuco. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema 4 x 2, correspondendo a quatro tipos de adubação (adubação organomineral; adubação mineral; adubação orgânica e testemunha sem adubação) e dois tipos de cobertura do solo (ausência de cobertura morta e presença com densidade de 9 t ha-1), com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produtividade de cabeça de repolho; peso médio de cabeça; diâmetro vertical de cabeça; diâmetro horizontal de cabeça; número de folhas; altura de planta; índice de forma de cabeça e a eficiência do uso da água. Para o turno de rega adotado, de um dia, não houve efeito significativo da cobertura morta sobre a produtividade e componentes de produção do repolho. Já com relação à adubação, a adoção de adubação orgânica não diferiu da mineral nem da organomineral. Palavras-chaves: semiárido, agricultura irrigada, Brassica oleraceae  SANTOS, E. S.; MONTENEGRO, A. A. A.; PEDROSA, E. M. R.; SILVA, E. F. F.GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MULCH IN COMMUNAL FARMING 2 ABSTRACT Communal horticulture cropping in the semiarid presents a high social and economic relevance, being characterized by water shortage and low soil fertility. Then, it requires irrigation and agricultural management. This study started on 22/11/2011, being conducted until 18/03/2012. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of different nutrient sources in the presence and absence of mulch on yield and yield components of Midore cabbage, in the semiarid, Pernambuco State. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 2 scheme, corresponding to four fertilizer levels (organomineral fertilization, mineral fertilizers, organic manure, and one control without fertilization) and two soil cover conditions, in the presence and absence of mulch, with a density of 9 t ha-1, with four replications. The parameters evaluated were productivity of head cabbage; curd weight, vertical head diameter, horizontal diameter of the head, number of leaves; plant height over crop cycle; shaped head index (SFI) and the water use efficiency. For the adopted irrigation frequency, there was no significant effect of mulching on yield and yield components of cabbage. With respect to fertilization, adoption of organic fertilizer produced similar results in comparison to mineral and organomineral fertilization. Keywords: semiarid, irrigated agriculture, Brassica oleraceae

scholarly journals Penampilan Fenotipik Karakter Hasil Galur Harapan Padi Rawa di Lahan Pasang Surut Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rini Hermanasari ◽  
NFN Supartopo ◽  
B. Kustianto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

<p>Phenotypic Performance of Yield and Yield Component of Rice Promising Lines at Tidal Swamp Area in Karang Agung, South Sumatra. An experiment was conducted in Karang Agung, in April until September 2007. The experiment aimed at evaluating phenotypic performance of yield and yield components of promising lines in tidal swamp rice field. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 16 treatments and four replications. The promising lines tested were B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524G-SM-61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214FTB- 7-2-3, IR70213-9-CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, IR70215-2- CPA-2-1-B-1-2. The check varieties used were IR42, Batanghari and Lembu Sawah. The results of this experiment showed that IR61242-3B-B-2 had better performance among varieties and promising lines tested, as well as giving the highest yield potential. Meanwhile, the line B10214F-TB-7-2- 3 had better performance of number of filled grain, and 1.000 grain weight. It also showed higher yield potential compared to IR42 and Batanghari. The line KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0 had better performance of plant height, 1.000 weight grain and harvest age, but showed lower yield potential compared to those other check varieties.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan April sampai September 2007. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penampilan fenotipik karakter hasil dan komponen hasil dari galur-galur harapan padi rawa di lahan pasang surut Karang Agung. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 16 perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Galur-galur yang diuji di antaranya B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524GSM- 61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214F-TB-7-2-3, IR70213-9- CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, dan IR70215-2-CPA-2-1-B-1-2. Varietas pembanding digunakan IR42, Batanghari, dan Lembu Sawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur IR61242- 3B-B-2 memiliki penampilan lebih baik dari varietas pembanding untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir gabah, dan potensi hasil. Galur B10214F-TB-7-2-3 memberikan penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir, dan potensi hasil lebih tinggi daripada pembanding IR42 dan Batanghari. Galur KAL9418F-MR- 2-KN-0 memiliki penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter bobot 1.000 butir, tinggi tanaman, dan umur panen, tetapi potensi hasilnya lebih rendah dari ketiga varietas pembanding.</p>

scholarly journals Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽  
Yaghoub RAEI ◽  
Rouhollah AMINI ◽  
Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽  
Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

scholarly journals Soybean yield and yield components affected by the mycorrhiza and bradyrhizobium at different rates of starter nitrogen fertilizer

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian ◽  
Masoumeh Malmir
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In order to study interaction between mycorrhiza and bradyrhizobium on yield of soybean under different amounts of starter nitrogen fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, Bu-Ali Sina University in 2015 growing season. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was arranged with three replications. Experiment factors covering three levels of starter nitrogen of 0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1, bradyrhizobiumin two level of inoculated and non-inoculated and mycorrhiza including application and non-application levels. Results indicated that plant height, number of leaves per plant, yield and yield components and biological yield and mycorrhizal symbiosis percent affected by interaction of studied factors significantly. Maximum number of pod per plant achieved from combination of 30 kg Nitrogen and bradyrhizobium. Also both bio-fertilizer was able to increase number of pod per plant. Maximum 1000 seed weight obtained from inoculation of plants with bradyrhizobium and mycorrhiza simultaneously with no nitrogen utilization. Application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen caused to decreased mycorrhizal symbiosis about 20.22 percent in comparison with no use of starter fertilizer. Application bradyrhizobium and mycorrhiza under the application of 30 kg ha-1 nitrogen, produced the highest grain yield (511.67 g m-2) and biological yield (1223.16 g m-2).

Numerical Simulation on Characteristics of Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching under Different Irrigation Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Shu Hua Ji ◽  
Jiang Yang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The characteristics of nitrate nitrogen leaching in soil under different irrigation levels were studied by soil column simulation experiment with numerical simulation done using LEACHM model taking nitrate nitrogen leaching under different irrigation levels as the research background. In sandy soils, an irrigation amount of 300 mm would cause nitrate nitrogen to leach downward 75~150 cm, with a leaching amount of 10~30.7 kg/ha; and an irrigation amount of 700 mm would make nitrate nitrogen leach downward about 3.5 m, with a leaching amount of 98 kg/ha. Research data showed that the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching was positively correlated with the irrigation intensity level, irrigation level directly determined the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching, and influenced its leaching depth.

scholarly journals Pola Segregasi Sifat Ketahanan Terhadap Soybean Stunt Virus dan Keragaman Genetik FAMILI F2:3 HASIL PERSILANGAN VARIETAS ORBA DAN GALUR B3570

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Hasriadi Mat Akin ◽  
Emi Lidya Astri ◽  
Maimun Barmawi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Segregation Pattern ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Segregation pattern of the Soybean Stunt Virus resistant character and genetic diversity of F2:3 families derived from crosses between Orba and B3570.  Soybean stunt disease caused by SSV (Soybean Stunt Virus) is the most destructive soybean disease in Indonesia. This research was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 at experiment station of Lampung University.  The aims of this research were to evaluate the segregation of resistant characters and total genetic diversity of eight populations of F2:3  families. Experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity.  The results showed that the resistant characters segregate 1:2:1 to susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively based on  the segregation pattern. The resistant character was controlled by single gene and the action of the gene is noncompletely dominant gene.  Eight populations of F2:3 families have high diversities on the yield and yield components.

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