Relatedness within and among northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) colonies at a local scale

We assessed parentage within and among maternity colonies of northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897)) in north-central Kentucky, USA, from 2011 to 2013 to examine colony social structure, formation, and membership dynamics. We intensively sampled colonies in close and remote (>10 km) proximity before and after targeted day-roost removal. Colonies were not necessarily composed of closely related individuals, although natal philopatry was common. Adjacent colonies often contained maternally related individuals, indicating that some pups did disperse, albeit not far from their natal home range. Whereas some young had been sired by males also collected on site, most had not, as would be expected since the species mates in fall near hibernacula across a wider landscape. The number of parentages that we inferred among colonies, however, suggests that outside the maternity season, social groups may be relatively flexible and open. Analysis of microsatellite DNA data showed a low FST (0.011) and best fit to a model of one multilocus genotypic cluster across the study area. We observed high turnover in colony membership between years in all colonies, regardless of roost-removal treatment. Our results suggest that female northern long-eared bats exhibit fidelity to a general geographic area and complex, dynamic social–genetic structure.

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Natal philopatry increases relatedness within groups of coral reef cardinalfish

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2020.1133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 (1930) ◽

pp. 20201133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theresa Rueger ◽

Hugo B. Harrison ◽

Peter M. Buston ◽

Naomi M. Gardiner ◽

Michael L. Berumen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Ecology ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Small Scale ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Natal Philopatry ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Limited Dispersal ◽

Weak Negative Correlation ◽

Related Individuals ◽

Differential Reproductive Success

A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relatedness in populations. In terrestrial organisms, limited dispersal of offspring leads to groups of related individuals. By contrast, for most marine organisms, larval dispersal in open waters is thought to minimize kin associations within populations. However, recent molecular evidence and theoretical approaches have shown that limited dispersal, sibling cohesion and/or differential reproductive success can lead to kin association and elevated relatedness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that limited dispersal explains small-scale patterns of relatedness in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera . We used 19 microsatellite markers to assess parentage of 233 juveniles and pairwise relatedness among 527 individuals from 41 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Our findings support three predictions of the limited dispersal hypothesis: (i) elevated relatedness within groups, compared with among groups and elevated relatedness within reefs compared with among reefs; (ii) a weak negative correlation of relatedness with distance; (iii) more juveniles than would be expected by chance in the same group and the same reef as their parents. We provide the first example for natal philopatry at the group level causing small-scale patterns of genetic relatedness in a marine fish.

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Failure of myocardial ischemia to increase pulmonary microvascular permeability in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1984.56.3.691 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 691-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. C. Parker ◽

L. Campbell ◽

S. Gilchrist ◽

G. Longenecker ◽

A. E. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Extravascular Lung Water ◽

Total Protein ◽

Microvascular Permeability ◽

Lung Water ◽

Permeability Surface ◽

Before And After ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Best Fit ◽

Lung Lymph

Increased extravascular lung water has been reported following periods of myocardial ischemia. To determine whether increased pulmonary microvascular permeability was produced by ischemia, total protein lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (CL/CP) were obtained at mechanically increased left atrial pressures (Pla) before and after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs. Pulmonary and systemic vascular pressures and cardiac output were monitored and lymph flow was measured from an afferent tracheobronchial lymphatic. Osmotic reflection coefficients (sigma) for total protein were estimated using CL/CP = 1-sigma at high filtration rates, and permeability-surface area (PSf) products were fit to the data. The postischemic lung lymph data best fit average values of sigma = 0.68 and PSf = 0.073 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 wet weight. There were no significant differences in lymph protein or water clearances between the pre- and postischemic increased Pla states or for myocardial ischemia compared with control values for the experimental preparation. Levels of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, a degradation product of prostacyclin, increased by 10- to 14-fold above preischemic values in pulmonary lymph, and there was a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during ischemia. Extravascular lung water was not increased above that attributed to the increased Pla alone. These data indicate no significant increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability to plasma proteins during myocardial ischemia.

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Biodecolorization of Basic Violet 03 Using Biochar Derived from Agricultural Wastes: Isotherm and Kinetics

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2020.1969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 316-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Josephraj Jegan ◽

Saravanan Praveen ◽

Thillainayagam Bhagavathi Pushpa ◽

Ravindran Gokulan

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Agricultural Wastes ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Before And After ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Best Fit

In the present study, bioremediation of Basic Violet 03 is examined using biochar derived from agricultural wastes. The pyrolytic studies revealed that ideal temperature for maximum yield of biochar derived from Coconut Shell (CSB), Ground nut Shell (GnSB) and Rice Husk (RHB) was obtained as 400 °C, 350 °C and 300 °C respectively. Further from the batch mode of operations, it was concluded that the optimum conditions of biochar dose, pH, temperature and initial concentration are 4 g/L, 8, 40 °C and 75 mg/L with a maximum uptake of 15.79 mg/g, 17.28 mg/g, and 12.64 mg/g for CSB, GnSB and RHB. The adsorption isotherm studies concluded that the three-parameter Sips model was obtained to be the best fit with a maximum correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9937, 0.9935 and 0.9965. The pseudo second order kinetic model was found to well represent the experimental kinetic data. The characterization results of biochar through SEM, EDX and FTIR revealed that there was a strong binding capacity of adsorbent was observed before and after adsorption process. The promising results concluded that biochar derived from agricultural wastes can potentially be utilized for the removal of cationic dyes.

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A Redesigned Order Entry System for Reducing Low-Value Preprocedural Cardiology Consultations: Quality-Improvement Cohort Study

JMIR Perioperative Medicine ◽

10.2196/17669 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e17669

Author(s):

David E Winchester ◽

Leigh Cagino

Keyword(s):

Geographic Area ◽

Order Entry ◽

Absolute Increase ◽

Study Objective ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Before And After ◽

Cardiology Clinic ◽

Cardiac Evaluation ◽

The Impact ◽

Novel Algorithm

Background Preprocedural cardiac evaluation is a common reason for outpatient cardiology visits. Many patients who are referred to cardiology clinics for preprocedural evaluation are at low risk of perioperative events and do not require any further management. Our facility treats patients over a large geographic area; avoiding low-value consultations reduces time and travel burdens for patients. Objective Our study objective was to assess the impact of a novel algorithm in the electronic order entry system aimed to guide clinicians toward patients who may benefit from cardiovascular referral. Methods We retrospectively reviewed in-person consultations and electronic consultations (e-consults) to our cardiology service before and after implementation of the novel algorithm to assess changes in patterns of care. Data were stored in a custom electronic database on internal servers. Results We reviewed 603 consultations to our cardiology clinic and found that 89 (14.7%) were sent for preprocedural evaluation. Of these, 39 (43.8% of preprocedural consultations) were e-consults. After implementation, we reviewed 360 consultations. The proportion of consultations for preprocedural evaluation did not decrease (n=47, 13.0%; P=.39). We observed an absolute increase of 13.6% in the proportion of consultations ordered as e-consults (27/47, 57.4%). During the postintervention period, we received no remarks, concerns, or criticisms from ordering clinicians about the process change and no reports of adverse events. Conclusions Implementation of an ordering algorithm to reduce low-value preprocedural cardiology evaluations did not lead to a reduction in the number of overall preprocedural cardiology consultations. The number of patients seen electronically increased, potentially improving clinic access and reducing travel burden for patients.

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New Media in the Process of Shaping Local Democracy

Public Affairs and Administration ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch110 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 2132-2153

Author(s):

Ilona Biernacka-Ligieza

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Public Interest ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Local Elections ◽

High Turnover ◽

Starting Point ◽

Before And After ◽

The Media ◽

Source Of Information

This chapter is an analysis of the voting campaigns in Poland before the local elections in 2002, 2006, and 2010. The 2002 election was chosen as the starting point of the analysis because of the following facts: 1) those were the first direct local elections for mayors/municipality heads, and 2) the number of council members was reduced by law, all of which heralded an interesting competition. The high turnover rate of candidates for councillors across different regions of Poland in 2002, 2006, and 2010 local government elections has been attributed in part to the volatility caused by greater media and public interest in council issues. Many see the media as the most effective way to get voters' attention. Voters also treat media information about candidates as a very important source of knowledge about the candidate, which helps them to vote. However, it is important to check: 1) which medium is the most popular and effective source of information for local public debate; 2) what is the quality of information being published before and after the local elections; and 3) if the “politician activity” and “society response” is only clearly visible during the elections time or maybe “local debate” develops after the election time. The chapter is based on the qualitative and quantitative research. Surveys were carried out in 2002, 2006, and 2010.

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Mistletoe as a keystone resource: an experimental test

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2012.0856 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 279 (1743) ◽

pp. 3853-3860 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

David M. Watson ◽

Matthew Herring

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Bird Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

High Turnover ◽

Total Species Richness ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

Scale Experiment ◽

Total Species ◽

Keystone Resource

Various entities have been designated keystone resources, but few tests have been attempted and we are unaware of any experimental manipulations of purported keystone resources. Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) provide structural and nutritional resources within canopies, and their pervasive influence on diversity led to their designation as keystone resources. We quantified the effect of mistletoe on diversity with a woodland-scale experiment, comparing bird diversities before and after all mistletoe plants were removed from 17 treatment sites, with those of 11 control sites and 12 sites in which mistletoe was naturally absent. Three years after mistletoe removal, treatment woodlands lost, on average, 20.9 per cent of their total species richness, 26.5 per cent of woodland-dependent bird species and 34.8 per cent of their woodland-dependent residents, compared with moderate increases in control sites and no significant changes in mistletoe-free sites. Treatment sites lost greater proportions of birds recorded nesting in mistletoe, but changes in species recorded feeding on mistletoe did not differ from control sites. Having confirmed the status of mistletoe as a keystone resource, we suggest that nutrient enrichment via litter-fall is the main mechanism promoting species richness, driving small-scale heterogeneity in productivity and food availability for woodland animals. This explanation applies to other parasitic plants with high turnover of enriched leaves, and the community-scale influence of these plants is most apparent in low productivity systems.

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First genealogy for a wild marine fish population reveals multigenerational philopatry

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1611797113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (46) ◽

pp. 13245-13250 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Océane C. Salles ◽

Benoit Pujol ◽

Jeffrey A. Maynard ◽

Glenn R. Almany ◽

Michael L. Berumen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Fish ◽

Local Population ◽

Fish Population ◽

Pedigree Analysis ◽

Marine Fishes ◽

Natal Philopatry ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Short Period ◽

Related Individuals

Natal philopatry, the return of individuals to their natal area for reproduction, has advantages and disadvantages for animal populations. Natal philopatry may generate local genetic adaptation, but it may also increase the probability of inbreeding that can compromise persistence. Although natal philopatry is well documented in anadromous fishes, marine fish may also return to their birth site to spawn. How philopatry shapes wild fish populations is, however, unclear because it requires constructing multigenerational pedigrees that are currently lacking for marine fishes. Here we present the first multigenerational pedigree for a marine fish population by repeatedly genotyping all individuals in a population of the orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) at Kimbe Island (Papua New Guinea) during a 10-y period. Based on 2927 individuals, our pedigree analysis revealed that longitudinal philopatry was recurrent over five generations. Progeny tended to settle close to their parents, with related individuals often sharing the same colony. However, successful inbreeding was rare, and genetic diversity remained high, suggesting occasional inbreeding does not impair local population persistence. Local reproductive success was dependent on the habitat larvae settled into, rather than the habitat they came from. Our study suggests that longitudinal philopatry can influence both population replenishment and local adaptation of marine fishes. Resolving multigenerational pedigrees during a relatively short period, as we present here, provides a framework for assessing the ability of marine populations to persist and adapt to accelerating climate change.

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Increased telestroke call burden after the extended thrombectomy window trials

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x20982738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1357633X2098273

Author(s):

Eyad Almallouhi ◽

Ellen Debenham ◽

Cheryl Grant ◽

Alejandro M Spiotta ◽

Christine A Holmstedt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Onset ◽

Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Large Vessel Occlusion ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Vessel Occlusion ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Before And After ◽

Large Geographic Area ◽

The Impact

Introduction Clinical trials have proven the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion presenting within 24 hours of symptom onset. Extending the thrombectomy window to 24 hours resulted in a higher number of thrombectomies being performed. However, little is known about the impact of the extended thrombectomy window on the telestroke call burden. Methods We used the prospectively maintained database of a telestroke network covering a large geographic area in the Southeast USA. We included patients presenting between January 2015 and December 2019. We compared the characteristics and outcomes between patients who presented before and after the publication of the extended window thrombectomy trials. Results A total of 9041 patients presented with stroke-like symptoms during the study period. Of these, 4995 presented after February 2018. There was no difference in the patient demographics in both groups. However, patients in the post extended window group had a lower National Institute of Health Stroke Scale on presentation (3 vs. 4; p < 0.001) and longer symptom-onset-to-door time (124 vs. 85 minutes; p < 0.001). The number of consults per month nearly doubled (200 vs. 103; p < 0.001) in the extended thrombectomy window era. Similarly, the number of mechanical thrombectomies performed per month increased from four to seven since extending the thrombectomy window ( p < 0.001). Discussion The number of telestroke consults nearly doubled after the publication of the extended thrombectomy window trials, with an increase in the number of thrombectomies performed. These findings have important operational implications for hospitals implementing telestroke call coverage.

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“Recruiting the right research associate for case research center”

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies ◽

10.1108/eemcs-04-2020-0102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Sonia Najam ◽

Rukhman Solangi ◽

Waheed Ali Umrani ◽

Sheraz Mustafa Rajput

Keyword(s):

Early Career ◽

Research Center ◽

High Turnover ◽

Retention Strategies ◽

Content Type ◽

Case Research ◽

Academic Level ◽

Research Associate ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right

Learning outcomes After practicing the case students will be able to; understand the importance of recruiting the right person in retaining employees. Understand the underlying causes of employees’ turnover. Formulate retention strategies. Case overview/synopsis The case presents the situation of high turnover in Case Research Center (CRC), Sukkur IBA University. The protagonist, Dr. Waheed Ali Umrani, Head CRC was concerned about the retention of Research Associates in the CRC. The case also highlights the reasons for the turnover of early-career female research associates in an academic setup of Sukkur IBA University. This case will involve students to critically think and come up with retention strategies and measures that recruiters, in this case, should consider before and after the selection of Research Associates. Complexity academic level Graduate. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

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