173 Ma U–Pb age of felsite sills (Kaslo River intrusives) west of Kootenay Lake, southeastern British Columbia

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira T. Smith ◽  
George E. Gehrels ◽  
David W. Klepacki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Phase Deformation ◽  
Kootenay Lake ◽  
Middle Proterozoic

U–Pb geochronological analyses of five zircon fractions from a lineated and foliated monzonite sill on the west side of Kootenay Lake are discordant and yield a lower intercept age of 173 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as the minimum crystallization age. An upper intercept of 1710 ± 180 Ma is interpreted as the average age of inherited components, and is consistent with contamination by Middle Proterozoic detritus in Upper Proterozoic to lower Paleozoic strata. The sills are interpreted as pre- to syn-kinematic with respect to regional second-phase or possibly third-phase deformation, thus further constraining the timing of Mesozoic orogeny in the Kootenay Arc, and may represent an early, foliated phase of the Nelson Batholith.

Structural and metamorphic relationships between the Mount Ida and Monashee Groups at Mara Lake, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Phase Deformation ◽  
Metamorphic Core

Mara Lake, British Columbia straddles the boundary between the Monashee Group on the east and the Mount Ida Group on the west. Correlation of units across the southern end of Mara Lake indicates lithologic continuity between parts of the groups. Both groups have experienced four phases of deformation. Phases one and two are tight and recumbent, trending to the north and to the west, respectively. Phases three and four are open to closed and upright, trending northwest and northeast, respectively. Second-phase deformation includes large-scale tectonic slides that separate areas of consistent vergence. Slide surfaces are folded by third- and fourth-phase structures and outline domal outcrop patterns. Metamorphic grade increases from north to south along the west side of Mara Lake. Calc-silicate reactions involving the formation of diopside are characteristic. From west to east increasing grade is evident in the reaction of muscovite + quartz producing sillimanite + K-feldspar + water. These prograde reactions are related to relative position in the second-phase structure. The highest grade is located near the lowest slide surface. Greenschist conditions accompanied phase-three deformation. Fourth phase is characterized by hydrothermal alteration, brittle fracturing, and local faulting. First-phase deformation appears to be pre-Late Triassic whereas second and third phases are post-Late Triassic and pre-Cretaceous. The fourth phase is part of a regional Tertiary event. The third folding event is correlated with the development of the Chase antiform and the second-phase folding is related to the pervasive east–west fabric of the Shuswap Complex. The timing of these events indicates that the metamorphic core zone of the eastern Cordillera was relatively rigid during the late Mesozoic foreland thrust development. Ductile deformation significantly preceded thrusting and developed a fabric almost at right angles to the trend of the thrust belt.

Harvest of Briars

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Phase

This chapter examines the competition with the Ottoman Empire and Russia, from the reconquest of Hungary to Joseph II’s final Turkish war. On its southern and eastern frontiers, the Habsburg Monarchy contended with two large land empires: a decaying Ottoman Empire, and a rising Russia determined to extend its influence on the Black Sea littorals and Balkan Peninsula. In balancing these forces, Austria faced two interrelated dangers: the possibility of Russia filling Ottoman power vacuums that Austria itself could not fill, and the potential for crises here, if improperly managed, to fetter Austria’s options for handling graver threats in the west. In dealing with these challenges, Austria deployed a range of tools over the course of the eighteenth century. In the first phase (1690s–1730s), it deployed mobile field armies to alleviate Turkish pressure on the Habsburg heartland before the arrival of significant Russian influence. In the second phase (1740s–70s), Austria used appeasement and militarized borders to ensure quiet in the south while focusing on the life-or-death struggles with Frederick the Great. In the third phase (1770s–90s), it used alliances of restraint to check and keep pace with Russian expansion, and recruit its help in comanaging problems to the north. Together, these techniques provided for a slow but largely effective recessional, in which the House of Austria used cost-effective methods to manage Turkish decline and avoid collisions that would have complicated its more important western struggles.

scholarly journals Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) observations in Laskeek Bay, western Hecate Strait, in spring and early summer, 1990–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
Neil G. Pilgrim ◽  
Vivian Pattison
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
The West ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
West Side

We describe observations of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) made along the west side of central Hecate Strait, British Columbia, during the spring and summer of 1990–2018. From none in March, the frequency of sightings increased from early April to a peak in May, then fell in June with few in July. The frequency of sightings during the peak period (1 May–20 June) increased over the course of the study at a mean rate of 6% a year, similar to increases recorded elsewhere in British Columbian waters. The frequency of sightings was highest in years when the Oceanic Niño Index for January–March was low and peaked earlier in years when the Oceanic Niño Index was high. Both of these relationships suggest a connection between Humpback Whale sightings in western Hecate Strait and the larger oceanographic context, with sightings more frequent in years of lower water temperatures.

scholarly journals Conservation Evaluation of the Small-flowered Tonella, Tonella tenella, in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
George W. Douglas ◽  
Jenifer L. Penny
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
West Side ◽  
Central California ◽  
Gulf Islands ◽  
Talus Slopes ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

In Canada, the Small-flowered Tonella, Tonella tenella, is restricted to the west side of Saltspring Island in the Gulf Islands of southwestern British Columbia. This population represents the northern limits of the species which is disjunct from its main range in southern Washington (Columbia River gorge), through Oregon to central California. In British Columbia, Tonella tenella is associated with rock outcrops and dry, steep, sparsely forested talus slopes at elevations of 50 to 300 m. The population on Saltspring Island is on private property and not directly imperilled at this time. There is, however, a potential for housing development in the future on this waterfront site, thus the authors consider the species endangered.

Tectonic implications of 40Ar/39Ar muscovite dates from the Mt. Haley stock and Lussier River stock, near Fort Steele, British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle P Larson ◽  
Raymond A Price ◽  
Douglas A Archibald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Tectonic Implications ◽  
West Limb ◽  
Step Heating

The Mt. Haley and Lussier River stocks are located northeast of Cranbrook, B.C. near the south end of the Western Main Ranges of the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Both are multiphase, potassium-feldspar porphyritic monzonite plutons that intrude lower Paleozoic miogeoclinal strata. They crosscut and thermally overprint the Lussier River fault and the thrust and fold structures in the east flank of the Purcell anticlinorium and the west limb of the Porcupine Creek anticlinorial fan structure. Muscovite from the Mt. Haley stock yielded a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 108.2 ± 0.7 Ma (2σ), and a single-crystal, step-heating analysis of muscovite from a skarn in the metamorphic aureole adjacent to the Lussier River stock gave a plateau date of 108.7 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). These dates constrain the timing of thrusting and folding in this portion of the western Rocky Mountains and of the displacement along the Lussier River – St. Mary fault to pre-middle Albian.

scholarly journals Sociological aspects of the transformation of agrarian structure of Serbia in 1990-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
S Šljukić ◽  
M Šljukić
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
The West ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agrarian Structure

One of the constitutive elements of former socialist societies that suffered radical transformations in recent decades of ‘the transition’ is certainly the agrarian structure. The authors focus on the sociological aspects of the Serbian agrarian structure transformation from the breakdown of the socialist system to the present day. The first phase of changes (1990-2000) created an environment and prerequisites for the differentiation of peasantry that continues until the present day. The second phase (2001-2012) is characterized by the appearance of large agricultural enterprises that emerged primarily as a result of privatization. During the third phase (2013-) Serbia has been drawn into the global process of ‘land grabbing’. The authors argue that in agriculture, instead of the middle class consisting of farmers, the country got a very differentiated peasantry opposing the large enterprises; and this situation is typical for post-socialist states due to three interrelated reasons: the new social-economic order was not built on the ruins of socialism but rather from the ruins; different actors within the Serbian society pursued their particular interests in the process of changes and followed demagogical declarative instructions from external experts, especially from the West; new political elites did not strive to build ex-socialist states according to their own model but rather met the needs and carried out the plans of their governments and companies, i.e. the term ‘periferization’ should be used instead of the term ‘transition’. In the final part of the paper, the authors try to answer the question why the transitional expectations regarding agrarian structural transformation did not come true, and the institutional framework for the majority of farmers working on the medium-size lands was not created. The authors also try to predict the upcoming possible alterations within the agrarian structure of the Republic of Serbia.

Positive Deviance A New Strategy for Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre R. Marra ◽  
Luciana Reis Guastelli ◽  
Carla Manuela Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Jorge L. Saraiva dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Carlos R. Lamblet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Hygiene Compliance

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of a positive deviance strategy for the improvement of hand hygiene compliance in 2 adult step-down units.Design.A 9-month, controlled trial comparing the effect of positive deviance on compliance with hand hygiene.Setting.Two 20-bed step-down units at a tertiary care private hospital.Methods.The first phase of our study was a 3-month baseline period (from April to June 2008) in which hand hygiene episodes were counted by use of electronic handwashing counters. From July to September 2008 (ie, the second phase), a positive deviance strategy was implemented in the east unit; the west unit was the control unit. During the period from October to December 2008 (ie, the third phase), positive deviance was applied in both units.Results.During the first phase, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 step-down units in the number of episodes of hand hygiene per 1,000 patient-days or in the incidence density of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) per 1,000 patient-days. During the second phase, there were 62,000 hand hygiene episodes per 1,000 patient-days in the east unit and 33,570 hand hygiene episodes per 1,000 patient-days in the west unit (P < .01). The incidence density of HAIs per 1,000 patient-days was 6.5 in the east unit and 12.7 in the west unit (P = .04). During the third phase, there was no statistically significant difference in hand hygiene episodes per 1,000 patient-days (P = .16) or in incidence density of HAIs per 1,000 patient-days.Conclusion.A positive deviance strategy yielded a significant improvement in hand hygiene, which was associated with a decrease in the overall incidence of HAIs.

Pleistocene glacial dispersal and history in Buttle valley, Vancouver Island, British Columbia: a feasibility study for alpine drift prospecting

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hicock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
West Side ◽  
Sulphide Ore ◽  
Valley Side ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Basal Till

Lodgment till exposures in the Myra and Buttle valleys of central Vancouver Island reveal a short (approximately 20 km) glacial dispersal train of Westmin massive sulphide ore in the clay fraction only (Cu, Zn, Pb). Ore dispersal was eastward down the tributary Myra valley, then northward along the west side of the trunk Buttle valley. This study suggests that in alpine drift-prospecting projects, anomalies should be traced upvalley into tributary valleys along the same valley side, using the geochemistry of the −0.002 mm fraction of the basal till matrix.Fraser glaciation in the valleys eroded and deformed underlying sediments and bedrock while removing evidence of previous glacial events. Glaciolacustrine silt and sand, lodgment till, deltaic recessional outwash, and colluvial fans were deposited during the last 25 000 radiocarbon years. Ice movement followed the classical alpine glaciation model. Tributary lobes advanced downvalley and merged (without mixing) to form a main trunk Buttle lobe, which advanced northward, truncating some of the tributary valleys. At the Fraser maximum, glacier ice had built up to cover all but the highest peaks; drumlinoids imply southwestward flow over the highest glaciated ridges. During deglaciation, the Buttle lobe probably retreated rapidly, depositing recessional outwash and glaciolacustrine diamictons.

scholarly journals Terror in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Abeer Aloush
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Arab Spring

Gilles Kepel is a French political scientist and Arabist with a global reputationfor understanding Islam as an ideological, political, and social force.Among his books are Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet andPharaoh (1985), Allah in the West: Islamic Movements in America and Europe(1996), Jihad: The Trial of Political Islam (2003), The Roots of RadicalIslam (2005), Al Qaeda in Its Own Words (2006; co-edited with Jean-PereerMilelli), The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West (2006), and BeyondTerror and Martyrdom: The Future of the Middle East (2010).  In Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West, his latest and bestsellingbook for 2016, he makes the case that this phenomenon has passedthrough two phases and recently entered a third one. The first phase began inthe 1990s with Mohamed Kelkal and was related to the Algerian civil war.Terrorism was used as a tool to force France to end its support for the coupthat had negated the Islamists’ electoral victory. The second phase began in2012 with the Toulouse and Montauban shootings that were linked to al-Qaeda. Globalization now enabled a network of jihadists linked to Afghanistanto serve the Muslim cause. The (posited) third phase, which would developafter the Arab Spring was launched, would see French jihadists sent to fight ...

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