scholarly journals Widespread consumption-dependent systematic error in fish bioenergetics models and its implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw G Bajer ◽  
Gregory W Whitledge ◽  
Robert S Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Fish Bioenergetics ◽  
Bioenergetics Models

Data from laboratory evaluations of seven fish bioenergetics models (BEMs) were used to investigate possible associations between BEM prediction error in relative growth rate (RGRerror) and levels of model input variables: mean daily food-consumption rate and fish body weight. Correlation between RGRerror and fish body weight was found in three BEMs applied under submaintenance feeding conditions. A strong correlation between RGRerror and mean daily consumption level was observed in all models over full consumption ranges; consumption level explained 70%–96% of variation in RGRerror. All BEMs underestimated (by 2- to 5-fold) growth at lower consumption levels and overestimated (by 2- to 3-fold) growth at higher consumption levels. RGRerror values associated with higher consumption levels were greater (up to 22 cal·g–1·day–1) than those at lower consumption levels (up to 10 cal·g–1·day–1). Correlation between consumption rate and RGRerror in all seven models indicates widespread systematic error among BEMs that likely arises from deficiencies in consumption-dependent model parameters. Results indicate that many BEMs are substantially inaccurate when predicting fish growth from higher feeding rates or estimating consumption from higher growth rates, even when higher consumption levels or growth episodes are of short duration. Findings obtained under submaintenance feeding conditions indicate that additional body-weight- and consumption-dependent terms should be added to BEM subequations for routine metabolism to account for metabolic reduction.

scholarly journals Simultaneous identification and correction of systematic error in bioenergetics models: demonstration with a white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) model

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw G Bajer ◽  
Robert S Hayward ◽  
Gregory W Whitledge ◽  
Richard D Zweifel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
White Crappie ◽  
Pomoxis Annularis ◽  
Consumption Prediction ◽  
Bioenergetics Models

Recent evidence indicates that important systematic error exists in many fish bioenergetics models (BEMs). An approach for identifying and correcting this error is demonstrated with a white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) BEM. Model-predicted trajectories of growth and cumulative consumption for 39 individual white crappie obtained from six 60-day laboratory experiments diverged from observed values by up to 42.5% and 227%, respectively, indicating systematic error in the BEM. To evaluate correlates of the systematic error, model prediction errors were regressed against three major input/output variables of BEMs that were covered by the laboratory experiments: fish body weight (80–341 g), temperature (23–30 °C), and consumption level (0.5%–6.2% daily). Consumption level explained >80% of the prediction error for growth and consumption. Two multiple regression equations containing body weight, temperature, and consumption variables were developed to estimate growth prediction error (R2 = 0.96) and consumption prediction error (R2 = 0.86), and incorporated into the white crappie BEM to correct its predictions. Cross-validation indicated that growth and consumption prediction error was reduced 2- to 4-fold by correction. Given recent evidence of widespread systematic error and increasing application rates of BEMs, the efficient error-identification and -correction approach described appears broadly applicable and timely.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutriom in treatment of urolithiasis disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Oleg I Apolikhin ◽  
Andrey V Sivkov ◽  
Mikhail Yu Prosjannikov ◽  
Igor A Shadyorkin ◽  
Olga V Konstantinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Treatment Of Urolithiasis

In recent years in the world has registered a steady increase of urolithiasis disease (UD). Currently it is possible to identify the causes of stone formation and reduce the number of relapsing stones by assessing the chemical composition of the stone and examining the biochemical parameters of urine and blood. It is also necessary to evaluate the stereotype of the patient’s diet among other things. One of the most effective and common methods for assessing the dietary stereotype is questionnairring. To study the interrelation between the dietary stereotype and the UD was performed by the questionnaire - Questionnaire on the assessment of the stereotype of nutrition (QASN) by Lopatkin Urology Scientific Research Institute. The questionnaire is freely available on the Internet at www.nethealth.ru in the testing section. The QASN contains questions about the daily use of a particular group of products. All food products are divided into subgroups according to trade classification. Each group includes products that are the most often sold and used on the territory of the Russian Federation. After completing the questionnaire it calculates the number of elements used per day. The norms of consumption of each substance calculates for 1 kg of body weight of the patient and calculating automatically when the patient is filling in the column “body weight”. The obtained data are compared with the average daily consumption rate of these elements in the average person. In the event of detection of abnormalities in one or several parameters it is concluded that there are significant changes in the dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum-based diet on growth performance and Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-759
Author(s):  
A.A. Nwabueze ◽  
J.K. Ekelemu ◽  
O.A. Owe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fish Samples

The response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum on growth performance and as anti-bacterial agent in Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection was evaluated. A. sativum was included at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% in fish diet. Twenty fish samples each were randomly distributed into four tanks (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight for twelve weeks. All fish were challenged with 0.5ml of pure culture of S. aureus. A significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight, total length and standard length was observed. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion promoted highest growth with feed conversion ratio (1.25-1.41), protein efficiency ratio (1.72-0.56), specific growth rate (1.92-2.09), condition factor (0.83-1.99) and survival rate (60-95). Fish-fed A. sativum diet showed that 4.5% inclusion had the least S. aureus activity. Bacteria load significantly (P<0.05) decrease at week 12. Culture water had dissolved oxygen of 4.0 - 4.2 mg/L, pH 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 26.0-28.0oC. This study has shown that A. sativum supplemented diets enhanced growth of C. gariepinus and functioned as antibacterial agent against S. aureus. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion in diet is recommended for better fish growth and 4.5% A. sativum for antibacterial action. Keywords: Fish, herb, growth, infection

Analytical Modeling of Metal Transfer for GMAW in the Globular Mode

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ersoy ◽  
S. J. Hu ◽  
E. Kannatey-Asibu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Wire Feeding ◽  
Spring Coefficient

A lumped parameter dynamical model is developed to describe the metal transfer for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in the globular mode. The oscillations of molten drop are modeled using a mass-spring-damper system with variable mass and spring coefficient. An analytical solution is developed for the variable coefficient system to better understand the effect of various model parameters on the drop oscillations. The effect of welding drop motion on the observed current and voltage signals is investigated and the model agrees well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the effect of wire feeding rate (or welding current) on the metal transfer cycle time is studied and the model successfully estimates the cycle times for different wire feeding rates.

scholarly journals Эффективность применения селенитов в период вегетации для обогащения чеснока селеном

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.V. Polykov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Root Treatment

Цель исследования усовершенствование способа обогащения растений чеснока селеном до уровня суточной нормы потребления путем обработки вегетирующих растений растворами селенитов натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно-активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом. Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в 20162018 годах, на супесчаной почве, содержание гумуса в которой составляло 3,413,44, рНKCl 6,7, степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляло 22,7824,62 мг (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений осенью под основную обработку в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2, в период вегетации проводили подкормки растений: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в течение периода исследований были благоприятны для выращивания чеснока. Поливы проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Исследования проведены на чесноке озимом сорта Гладиатор. Схема опытов предполагала предпосадочное замачивание зубков в течение 30 мин. и последующую двукратную обработку вегетирующих растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами (1) и диметилсульфоксидом (1): первый раз в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев и второй через три недели. Установлено, что некорневая обработка растений селенитом натрия была в 2,3 раза, а селенитом калия в 5,8 раза эффективнее, чем корневая. Сделан вывод о том, что луковицы чеснока, полученные, в результате некорневой обработки растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом содержат в 145,3169,8 раза больше селена, чем контроль, что позволяет получить зубки, содержащие селен в концентрации 6,837,98 мг/кг. Суточная норма потребления чеснока составляет примерно 10 г, средняя потребность в селене составляет от 30 до 70 мкг. Учитывая, что содержание селена в обогащенной продукции составит 68,3 79,8 мкг/10 г чеснока предложенный способ обогащения позволяет в полной мере удовлетворить суточную потребность организма человека в этом микроэлементе.The aim of investigation was to improve the method of enrichment of garlic plants with selenium to the level of daily consumption rate by treatment of vegetative plants with solutions of sodium and potassium selenites in combination with surfactants. The investigations were carried out at ARRIVG branch of FSCVG, in open ground in 20162018, on sandy loam soil with humus content of 3.413.44, pHKCl 6.7, content of phosphorus (P2O5) in the layer 020 cm was 22.7824.62 mg (Chirikov) content of potassium (K2O) 10.3817.88 mg (Maslova). To improve mineral nutrition of plants fall under the basic treatment in the soil was added potassium chloride at a dose of 50 g/m2 during the growing season were plant nutrition: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, two weeks after the first potassium sulphate and 50 g/m2. Weather conditions during the period of growth were favorable for growing garlic. Watering was carried out at the periods where the top layer of soil was dried. Studies were carried out on variety Gladiator of winter garlic. The experimental design included soaking the cloves for 30 minutes before planting, and subsequent double treatment of vegetating plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium selenite in combination with surfactants (1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (1): the first time in the phase of the beginning of intense leaf growth and the second time after 3 weeks. As a result of the investigations it was found that non-root treatment of plants with solutions containing selenium was more effective than root treatment. Non-root top dressing with sodium selenite was in 2.3 times, and potassium selenite in 5.8 times more effective than root. It is concluded that garlic bulbs obtained as a result of non-root treatment of plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium Selenite in combination with surfactants and dimethylsulfoxide contain 145.3169.8 times more selenium than control, which allows to obtain teeth containing selenium in a concentration of 6.837.98 mg/kg. The daily consumption rate of garlic is approximately 10 g, the average need for selenium element is from 30 to 70 micrograms. Because of content of selenium in enriched products consisted of 68.3-79.8 mcg/10 g of garlic, the proposed method of enrichment allows to fully satisfy the daily need of the human body at this microelement.

scholarly journals KONSUMSI OKSIGEN BENIH IKAN KERAPU BEBEK (Cromileptes altivelis) UKURAN PANJANG 5-7 CM

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yopi Novita ◽  
Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar ◽  
Bambang Murdiyanto ◽  
Budy Wiryawan ◽  
Hariyanto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Water Measurement

Disolved oxygen plays an important role for fish living in its life environment. Information on the ammount of oxygen consumption of a fish in certain volume of water is needed in order to give balancing between the ammount of disolved oxygen and fish in it. The objective of this research is obtaining oxygen consumption level of a juvenile of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of 5-7 cm body length. Oxygen consumption of fish was measured using a tube that equiped with DO tool (dissolved oxygent, DO), and the tube was filled by sea water. Measurement of oxygen con-sumption of juvenil was done by measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen from sea water in the respirometer tube, began when fish had entered into the respirometer tube up to two hours observation. The result showed that oxygen consumption rate of a juvenile of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of 5-7 cm length, is ranging between 0.816 and 1.734 mg/hour.

scholarly journals The effects of the form of sugar (solid vs. beverage) on body weight and fMRI activation: A randomized controlled pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251700
Author(s):  
John W. Apolzan ◽  
Owen T. Carmichael ◽  
Krystal M. Kirby ◽  
Sreekrishna R. Ramakrishnapillai ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Objective To test if sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and sugar sweetened solids (SSSs) have differential effects on body weight and reward processing in the brain. Methods In a single blind randomized controlled pilot trial (RCT), twenty participants with BMI between 20 and 40 kg/m2 were randomized to consume a 20 fluid ounce soda (SSB, 248 kcal) or the equivalent in solid form (SSS; similar to thick gelatin or gummy candy) daily. At baseline and day 28, fasting body weight and fed-state BOLD fMRI of the brain were assessed. Differences in fMRI signals between views of low-fat (LF (<30%)) high sugar (HS (>30%)) food, and non-food images were calculated in brain regions implicated in energy homeostasis, taste, and reward. Results All participants in the SSB (6F 4M; 8 Caucasian; 36±14 y, 28.2±5.5 kg/m2; Mean±SD) and SSS (3F 7M; 6 Caucasian; 39±12; 26.3±4.4) groups completed the study. Weight change was 0.27±0.78 kg between SSB and SSS participants. Changes in the fMRI response to LF/HS foods in reward, homeostatic and taste regions tended to not be different between the groups over the four weeks. However, activation of the right substantia nigra increased following the SSB but decreased activation following the SSS in response to LF/HS foods over 28 days (-0.32±0.12). Ratings of wanting for LF/HS foods were correlated with activation in several brain regions, including the OFC. Conclusions Change in weight was modest between the groups in this study. Daily consumption of a SSB over 28 days led to mixed responses to LF/HS foods in areas of the brain associated with reward. Ratings of wanting are correlated with fMRI activation inside an MRI scanner.

Daily consumption of Reliv Glucaffect™ for 8 weeks significantly lowered blood glucose and body weight in 50 subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Belcaro ◽  
Maria Cesarone ◽  
Errichi Silvia ◽  
Andrea Ledda ◽  
Stefano Stuard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Daily Consumption

scholarly journals Daily Consumption of Stevia Drops Effects on Glycemia, Body Weight and Energy Intake: Results from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 663-663
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Stamataki ◽  
Benjamin Crooks ◽  
John McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Stevia is a non-nutritive sweetener providing sweet taste with zero calories that could constitute an effective strategy toward sugar reduction. This study tested the effects of daily consumption of stevia drops on glycemia, body weight (BW) and energy intake in healthy normal weight adults, non-habitual consumers of non-nutritive sweeteners. Methods Twenty eight healthy participants were randomly assigned to the stevia group (n = 14, mean age: 25 ± 5.5 y, mean body mass index: 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and were required to consume 5 drops of a commercially available stevia extract twice daily along with their habitual drinks, or to the control group (n = 14, 25 ± 4.2 y, 21 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and were instructed not to change anything in their diet for 12 weeks. Both groups were encouraged to maintain their usual diet and physical activity habits. At baseline and week 12, glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured; BW and energy intake were assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Results There was no significant difference in glucose response to the OGTT over the 12 weeks in any study group. However, there was a significant main effect of participant group on BW change over the 12 weeks (F(1, 26) = 5.56, P = 0.026), showing that stevia consumption prevented weight gain (ΔWeight at week 12 = −0.22 ± 0.32 kg for stevia, +0.89 ± 0.39 kg for the control group). Energy intake was significantly decreased between baseline and week 12 in the stevia group (ΔEnergy at week 12 = −344 ± 80.6 kcal, P = 0.003), however no change in energy intake was found in the control group (ΔEnergy = +13.6 ± 125 kcal, P = 0.973). Conclusions These results suggest that daily consumption of stevia in real-life doses does not affect glycemia in healthy normal-weight individuals, but could aid toward weight maintenance and moderation of energy intake. More research is warranted to explore these promising findings further in individuals with overweight/obesity and/or individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (i.e., pre-diabetes/diabetes). Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT03993418. Funding Sources This project has received a N8 AgriFood Pump Priming Award. Ms Stamataki has a BBSRC DTP Case Studentship.

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