Proteins in Fish Muscle.: I. Extraction of Protein Fractions in Fresh Fish

1950 ◽  
Vol 7d (10) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dyer ◽  
H. V. French ◽  
J. M. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Muscle Myosin ◽  
Optimum Salt Concentration

Methods for the extraction of protein from fish muscle have been studied. Using the Waring Blendor to obtain fine subdivision, up to 95 per cent of the fish muscle protein can be extracted with 5 per cent sodium chloride. Optimum pH for extraction was pH 7–9, and the optimum salt concentration 3 to 5 per cent. About 3 per cent stroma protein, collagen and elastin, was found in cod and haddock muscle. Myosin constituted about 75 to 80 per cent of the total protein. Globulin X, myogen, and myoalbumin made up about 20 per cent of the protein.

Proteins in Fish Muscle. IV. Denaturation by Salt

1952 ◽  
Vol 8c (5) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Duerr ◽  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Salt Uptake ◽  
Critical Salt Concentration

Study of the denaturation of cod muscle proteins by sodium chloride shows that the myosin fraction is denatured when a critical salt concentration, about 8 to 10 per cent in the muscle, is reached. Paralleling the rapid denaturation, a sudden increase of salt uptake and of moisture loss occurs.

The Effect of Sodium Chloride on Proteolysis and on the Fate of Amino Acids Present in the Muscle of Codfish (Gadus callarias)

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
H. Fougère
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Fish Muscle

The rate of proteolysis and the deamination of free amino acids in cod muscle treated with 4, 8, 12 and 16% sodium chloride varies with the sodium chloride content and temperature. Proteolysis of the fish muscle protein is completely inhibited at concentrations of 16 and 12% sodium chloride. Trimethylamine formation is inhibited by 16% sodium chloride for at least 15 days. Both inhibitions take place at either 15 or 25 °C. In salted muscle deamination can occur in the absence of trimethylamine formation. The reaction appears to be hardly influenced by salt. Indole formation is completely inhibited by 8% salt at either 15 or 25 °C.

scholarly journals Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Bomi Ryu ◽  
Kyung-Hoon Shin ◽  
Se-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis

Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%–25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE FUNCTION OF INTRACELLULAR RIBONUCLEASES

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Utsunomiya ◽  
Jay S. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Rnase Activity ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Pancreatic Rnase ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normal Constituent

The RNase activity and properties of ribosome and polysome preparations from normal rat liver and some hepatomas have been examined. Polysome and ribosome preparations from the Novikoff, McCoy MDAB, and Dunning hepatomas had considerably higher specific RNase activity than corresponding preparations from normal rat liver, Novikoff ascites, or Morris 5123 hepatomas. The optimum pH of the RNase was approximately 8.5 for all samples tested, and the samples showed no evidence of latent RNase activity when treated with 3 M sodium chloride, EDTA, urea, or p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid. The RNase activity appeared to be associated principally with breakdown products and/or subunits smaller than 80S. In the presence of Mg++ ions, subunits could reaggregate to form monomer ribosomes indistinguishable from the natural products, but some of the reassociated ribosomes could contain RNase activity which had been bound to the smaller particles. Similar results were obtained with spermine. In the hepatomas, evidence was obtained for the preexistence of considerable amounts of the smaller, RNase-containing subunits in the cell. When a small amount of crystalline bovine pancreatic RNase was added to partly dissociated ribosomes, the RNase was found only in association with the smaller subunits, and little or no enzyme was taken up by ribosomes or polysomes. The results have led to the conclusion that RNase is not a normal constituent of the ribosome or polysome, but that RNase may become associated with these particulates if dissociation and reassociation take place. Some implications of these findings for the stability of messenger RNA and for the mechanism of its breakdown are discussed.

Solubilization of Fish Muscle Myosin by Sorbitol

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNIHIKO KONNO ◽  
KEN-ICHI YAMANODERA ◽  
HIDEKAZU KIUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Muscle Myosin

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON RENAL JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Merritt Hartroft ◽  
W. Stanley Hartroft
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Sodium Metabolism

Accumulation of granules in the juxtaglomerular cells occurred in rats which were maintained for 5 to 6 weeks on a diet low in sodium, chloride. Cytological evidence suggests that this was probably a storage phase of secretion following a decrease in the rate of liberation of the granules. Administration of DCA (desoxycorticosterone acetate) to salt-deficient rats did not alter this appearance of the juxtaglomerular cells. Two per cent sodium chloride taken in the drinking water consumed for 4 weeks by similar animals caused degranulation of the juxtaglomerular cells. This effect was enhanced by DCA. DCA administered to animals on a normal salt intake produced a lesser degree of degranulation. Cytological changes in degranulated cells suggested that these represent a stage of hyperactivity in the secretory cycle produced by an increase in the rate of liberation of granules. A hypothesis is suggested that the juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism and/or blood pressure.

A new method for the determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in soils

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McLean ◽  
G. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Cent Solution ◽  
Base Exchange ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

A method for the determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in soils is described. It is an extension of the Hissink method for exchangeable bases to ammonium present in the soil. The working details are similar to the Hissink method, except that the leaching process is entirely carried out in the cold. The ammonia is distilled off with magnesium oxide.Using normal sodium chloride as a leaching solution and collecting half a litre of leachings for distillation with magnesia, results were obtained which showed excellent agreement with those by the aeration method. Similar results were obtained using 250 c.c. of 15 per cent, sodium chloride solution, but the results are on an average about 1·6 per cent, lower. With high proportions of ammoniacal nitrogen a second half litre of normal sodium chloride leachings should be taken, or half a litre of 15 per cent, solution used.The leaching method is economical of apparatus and water supply. It is therefore suitable for small laboratories with limited resources. It is fairly rapid: six estimations can be completed in a day.The close agreement of the new method with the aeration method suggests that the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the soil at any given time is not an arbitrary quantity depending on conditions of estimation, but a definite amount. It is improbable that any ammonium compounds exist in the soil apart from those which take part in base exchange.

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