An Application of Computers to the Estimation of Exploited Populations

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
K. Radway Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
The Third

This paper describes a computer programme for the estimation of the size of exploited populations by methods described in Allen (1966, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 23: 1553–1574). Although these methods were originally developed for use on whale populations, they are applicable to any other populations where suitable data are available. The essential data are the total catch, the catch for a known amount of effort, and the age distribution of the catch, all for a series of years. An estimate of natural mortality rate is also required but population estimates may be obtained for up to 10 values of this parameter in a single computer run.The entire programme incorporates six subroutines, as well as the main controlling programme. One subroutine reads in the catch and effort data, a second reads in the age distribution data for each year and, if necessary, converts it according to a predetermined transformation from age expressed in terms of whale ear-plug laminations to age in years. The third subroutine estimates the rate of recruitment as the proportion of newly recruited animals in the catch for each year, using the method of Allen (1966). The other three subroutines derive population estimates, using the "q," modified DeLury, and actual and expected catch methods (Allen, 1966). As many sets of data as desired may be processed in a single computer run.

Population Dynamics and Management of the Northwest Atlantic Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Roff ◽  
W. Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Potential Sources

Previous methods of estimating population size and natural mortality rate in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) are reviewed. Excepting the method of Beddington and Williams (Marine Mammal Comm., Washington, DC., Rep. MMC 79-03, 1980) all previous methods rely heavily upon the survival index method of estimating pup production. We describe the mathematical rationale underlying this method and indicate potential sources of bias. Beddington and Williams' analysis produces a combination of vital rates for 1952 that would not enable a population to persist in the absence of hunting. This suggests that the method may not be able to estimate these parameters accurately. This conclusion is supported by several unpublished analyses. We present an alternative method of analysis that is based on the concept of maximum likelihood. We estimate the rate of natural mortality and trend in 1 + population size from 1967 to 1980, using mark–recapture estimates of pup production in the late 1970s and the observed ratio of the survival of adjacent cohorts in the late 1960s and early 1970s to constrain population trajectories from a simulation model. From this analysis we conclude that the population is increasing and that the present total catch may be substantially smaller than the replacement yield.

scholarly journals Alder pollen season in selected cities of Poland in 2020

Alergoprofil ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Malkiewicz ◽  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Dariusz Jurkiewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Siergiejko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Pollination Season

This paper presents the course of alder pollination season in Poland in 2020. The measurements were performed in Bydgoszcz, Bialystok, Lublin, Olsztyn, Opole, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Sosnowiec, Szczecin, Warsaw, Wroclaw and Zielona Gora. Volumetric method with the use of Volumetric Spore Trap (Burkard, Lanzoni) was implemented. Pollen season was defined as the period in which 95% of the annual total catch occurred. The alder pollen season in 2020 started about 10–30 days earlier compared to 2017–2019. The pollen season started first in Szczecin, Opole and Zielona Gora (in the second half of January). In the other cities alder pollen season started in first half of February. The highest daily pollen count was recorded in Lublin (1211 P/m3). In other cities the maximum concentrations ranged from 160 P/m3 in Sosnowiec to 465 P/m3 in Piotrkow Trybunalski. The highest alder pollen concentrations were detected in the first decade of March (March 1st–3rd). Only in Zielona Gora, Wroclaw, Opole and Sosnowiec the maximum concentration was recorded in the third decade of February. The annual pollen sum of Alnus in 2020 was even 5–10 times lower than in years 2019.

Confounding of Gear Selectivity and the Natural Mortality Rate in Cases where the Former is a Nonmonotone Function of Age

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2654-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Expected Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gear Selectivity ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Suboptimal Strategies

An "exponential–logistic" selectivity function is presented in which a single parameter (γ) determines whether gear selectivity is asymptotic (γ = 0) or reaches a maximum at finite age (γ > 0). The function is used to develop a model in which both γ and the natural mortality rate M are formally indeterminate and in which the coming year's catch limit can be viewed as a response function of either estimated γ or estimated M. Decision theory is then used to derive the optimal catch. The optimal catch is shown to increase with the degree of uncertainty surrounding M, although this conclusion may depend on the short managerial time frame assumed. Three "suboptimal" strategies are also considered: (1) setting catch at the level corresponding to the expected value of M, (2) setting catch at the minimum of the response function, and (3) setting catch at the level corresponding to γ = 0. The first suboptimal strategy never results in a catch greater than the optimum and always results in a lower expected loss than the second. The performance of the third strategy (relative to the others) depends on parameter values.

Some Methods for Estimating Ocean Mortality of Pacific Salmon and Applications

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fredin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
The Third

Three methods for estimating oceanic natural mortality rates of Pacific salmon under certain survival conditions are presented. Estimates of ocean mortality rates of Bristol Bay and Karluk sockeye are given. The mortality rate during the year immediately preceding the last 2 months of ocean life of Bristol Bay sockeye that migrated to sea as 3-freshwater fish in 1956 and returned as mature 3-ocean fish in 1959 is estimated to be 28.9%. The average ocean mortality rate during the penultimate year of life of 3-ocean Bristol Bay sockeye is estimated to be 19.5% for the years 1956–57 to 1960–61. The natural mortality rate during the third year of ocean life of 3-freshwater Karluk sockeye is estimated to be 28.2%. Corresponding estimates of average monthly instantaneous mortality rates are 0.028, 0.018, and 0.031, respectively.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

Avoiding Shame and Guilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Shame And Guilt

After rejecting the remove–empathy hypothesis (Chapter 4), attention turned to the other two classic egoistic explanations for the motivation to help produced by empathic concern: empathy-specific punishment and empathy-specific reward. This chapter considers two kinds of empathy-specific punishment, shame and guilt. The shame hypothesis claims that we help more when we feel empathic concern because we’re motivated to avoid disapproval and censure from others. The guilt hypothesis says that we’re motivated to avoid self-condemnation for failing to do what we should. Contradicting the shame hypothesis, experiments revealed that even when no one else will know if participants fail to help, empathy still increased helping. Contradicting the guilt hypothesis, participants induced to feel empathy helped more even when provided a good excuse for not helping. Given that neither form of empathy-specific punishment could account for the empathy–helping relationship, our search shifted to the third classic egoistic explanation: pursuing pride.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

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