Distribution, Growth, and Survival of Sockeye Fry (Oncorhynchus nerka) Produced in Natural and Artificial Stream Environments

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Lake

A comparative study was made at Babine Lake, British Columbia, of the distribution, growth, and survival of sockeye salmon fry resulting from the same parental stock but reared in natural and artificial streams. Fry produced from natural spawning in the Fulton River and from eyed eggs planted in an adjacent artificial spawning channel were marked distinctively, released, and later recovered in the lake nursery area and at the lake outlet at time of seaward migration. Both groups dispersed rapidly and widely into the main lake basin and apparently mixed extensively with sockeye produced from other main lake tributaries. Lake distribution of marked fish, and the underyearling population as a whole, was not uniform nor static and the fish were concentrated in different lake areas at different times of their first growing season. River and channel fry were comparable in mean length at time of release but subsequently channel fish were smaller. Their smaller size appeared to result from late lake entry and a slower rate of growth for a short period thereafter. Over most of the growing period (June 25–October 25) rates of growth in length were similar (instantaneous daily rates of 0.00687 and 0.00737). No significant difference in survival rates of the two groups could be detected for the first 5 months of lake residence. Production of age I seaward migrants was less for river fish than for channel fish but no significance was attached to the small difference observed. These findings are discussed with respect to a fish-cultural scheme which is aimed at increasing adult production by making fuller use of the lake's capacity to rear young sockeye.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS NATIVAS PLANTADAS EM ÁREAS COM DIFERENTES ESTÁGIOS DE SUCESSÃO NO RESERVATÓRIO IRAÍ-PR

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa De Bortolli Chiamolera ◽  
Alessandro Camargo Angelo ◽  
Maria Regina Boeger
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a sobrevivência de Schinus terebinthifolius, Mimosa scabrella, Podocarpus lambertii e Luehea divaricata plantadas em áreas com diferentes graus de sucessão, nas margens do Reservatório do Iraí - PR. S. terebinthifolius apresentou uma superioridade de crescimento entre os indivíduos que estavam na capoeira até os 18 meses, não diferindo mais aos 24 meses, com taxa de sobrevivência, aos 24 meses de plantio, de 81,37% para a área de capoeira e 68,15% para a área aberta. M. scabrella foi a espécie que obteve os piores índices de sobrevivência em ambas as áreas, restando, aos 24 meses, na área aberta, 13,54% das mudas implantadas, e na capoeira, 21,18%. P. lambertii apresentou sempre melhores índices de crescimento na área aberta. L. divaricata, até os 18 meses, não apresentou diferença significativa entre a área aberta e a capoeira, porém, aos 24 meses, a altura foi maior na área de capoeira e para o diâmetro foi maior na área aberta. Assim, entre as espécies estudadas, S. terebinthifolius é a espécie com maior plasticidade fenotípica, seguida por P. lambertii. L. divaricata deve ser priorizada em plantios que ofereçam maior sombreamento e M. scabrella é recomendada somente em altas densidades.Palavras-chave: Silvicultura de espécies nativas; recuperação de ambientes ciliares. AbstractGrowth and survival of four forest native species growing in areas with diferent sucessional status on Iraí’s Reservoir margins.The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and survival of Schinus terebinthifolius, Mimosa scabrella, Podocarpus lambertii and Luehea divaricata planted in two areas with different degrees of succession, in Iraí’s water reservoir margins, State of Paraná, Brazil.S. terebinthifolius showed a superiority of the individuals who were in the regenerating area up to 18 months did not differ at 24 months and their survival rate at 24 months after planting, was 81.37% for regenerating area and 68.15% for the open area. M. scabrella was the kind that had the poorest survival rates in both areas, leaving at 24 months in the open area 13.54% of the seedlings established and regenerating area, 21.18%. P. lambertii always had the best growth rates in the open area. L. divaricata up to 18 months showed no significant difference between the open area and regenerating area, but at 24 months the time was higher for regenerating area and the diameter was greater in the open area. Thus, among the species S. terebinthifolius is the species with greater plasticity followed by P. lambertii. L. divaricata should be prioritized in plantations to provide greater shading and M. scabrella is recommended only in high densities.Keywords: Native tree species silviculture; riparian forest recuperation.

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA HORMONE 17α - METHYLTESTOSTERONE BỔ SUNG VÀO THỨC ĂN LÊN TĂNG TRƯỞNG, CHIỀU DÀI CÁC VÂY, TỶ LỆ SỐNG VÀ TỶ LỆ ĐỰC HÓA CỦA CÁ LIA THIA (Betta splendens Regan, 1910)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2689-2698
Author(s):  
Lê Quốc Phong ◽  
Bùi Văn Mướp
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Siamese Fighting Fish ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Aquarium Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Rate

Cá lia thia hay cá xiêm đá (Betta splendens) là một loài cá cảnh nước ngọt đặc trưng được nuôi làm cảnh hoặc giải trí thông qua hình thức chọi cá. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tìm ra liều lượng hormone 17α - Methyltestosterone (17α - MT) thích hợp bổ sung vào thức ăn để nâng cao tỷ lệ đực của cá lia thia. Cá bột sau khi hết noãn hoàng cho ăn thức ăn có bổ sung hormone 17α - MT liên tục trong 21 ngày với liều lượng 0, 20, 40 và 60 mg 17α - MT/kg thức ăn, tương ứng với nghiệm thức NT1, NT2, NT3 và NT4. Cá giống được nuôi tiếp tục đến 60 ngày tuổi để xác định tăng trưởng, tỷ lệ sống và tỷ lệ chuyển giới tính trên cá. Kết quả cho thấy tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống thì khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa các nghiệm thức (p>0,05). Tỷ lệ đực và chiều dài các vây ở NT3 cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với NT1 và NT2 (p<0,05), tuy nhiên khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê so với NT4 (p>0,05). Nghiệm thức NT3 đạt tỷ lệ đực hóa (93,8%), hiệu suất đực hóa (84,6%) cao nhất và khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa các nghiệm thức (p<0,05). Nghiên cứu này cho thấy bổ sung hormone 17α - MT vào thức ăn với liều lượng 40 mg 17α - MT/kg sẽ làm tăng tỷ lệ cá lia thia đực. ABSTRACT Lia thia fish commonly called the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) is a specific freshwater aquarium fish, which raising as pet or for entertainment through fish fighting. This study aimed to find out the appropriate dosage of 17α - Methyltestosterone (17α - MT) hormone supplemented into feed to enhance masculinization rate of Siamese fighting fish. Frys after completing yolk digestion were fed with 17α - MT supplemented feed continuously for 21 days at dose of 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg 17α - MT per kg of feed, respectively treatment of NT1, NT2, NT3 and NT4. Fingerlings were kept being grown for up to 60 days of age to determine the growth, survival and transsexual rates on fish. The results showed that growth and survival rates of fish were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). Male rate and the fin lengths of fish in treatment of NT3 were statistically higher than those treatment of NT1 and NT2 (p<0.05); however, there were not significant difference compared to treatment of NT4 (p>0.05). Masculinization rate (93,8%) and masculinizing efficiency (84,6%) in treatment of NT3 were highest and there was statistically significant difference among the treatments (p<0.05). This research showed that supplement of 17α - MT into the feed at a dose of 40 mg 17α - MT per kg of feed increased the rate of male Siamese fighting fish.  

scholarly journals Indole -3- Butyric Acid Induces Plant Regeneration From Stem Cuttings Of Three Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
C.U. Okafor ◽  
E.U. Njoku ◽  
F.C. Ike ◽  
C.C. Onyekwuluje
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Formation

Field regeneration of three (3) medicinal plants - Securidaca longepedunculata (violet tree), Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Pterocarpus mildebraedii by means of rooting of stem cuttings at different lengths of 10 -15 cm and 15 -20 cm were studied. The effect of the plant hormone Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA) at 5g/l was tested on rooting, bud sprout and leaf formation of the rooted stem cuttings of the plant species as well as the effect of the length of the stem cuttings on their growth and survival rates. The results of the study revealed that stem cuttings of O. gratissimum treated with IBA and the control treatment sprouted within 5 - 8 days. The treated O. gratissimum stem cuttings produced a slightly higher number of buds (2.58 ± 0.86) when compared to the control (2.00 ± 0.89) with no significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Stem cuttings of the treated P. mildbraedii cuttings sprouted within 8 -10 days with 1.40 ± 0.37 number of buds, with the control showing no sprouts. Consequently, IBA application produced more leaves (13.00 ± 5.58) and roots (1.33 ± 0.01) than the control. However, O. gratissimum stem cuttings had the highest leaf (13.08 ± 4.47) and root numbers (135.00 ± 13.45) followed by the control with values- 13.00 ± 5.58 for leaf development and 61.66 ± 2.34 for root number respectively. Irrespective of the treatments, none of the stem cuttings of S. longepedunculata sprouted. This study showed that exogenous application of IBA to stem cuttings of the tested plants, except S. Longepedunculata, improved the root number, number of leaves and number of buds. Keywords: Stem cuttings, Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA), Rooting

scholarly journals Growth and survival of the hatchery larvae of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas under different concentrations of microalgae and salinity in conditions of southern Primorye

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
A. S. Tabelskaya ◽  
M. V. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Southern Primorye ◽  
Chaetoceros Muelleri ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

Growth and survival rates for larvae of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) hatched in artificial conditions are estimated for the stages of development from D-veliger to pediveliger. The experiment was conducted in the Mariculture Center located on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) for 2 regimes of feeding and water salinity of 26 and 32 ppt. Microalgae Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros muelleri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated in the Mariculture Center were used as a feed in both regimes, in different concentrations. The maximum concentration was 4-fold higher than the minimum one: daily doses of food were 20 and 5 thousand cells/mL for veligers, 40 and 10 thousand cells/mL for early veliconkhes, and 80 and 20 thousand cells/mL for late veliconkhes, respectively, whereas 80 thousand cells/mL for all larvae in transition to pediveliger stage. Statistically significant difference of the growth rate was found for cases with different food concentration (p < 0.05). The larvae with better feeding had higher growth rate under salinity of both 26 and 32 ppt. Besides, the lowered salinity (26 ppt) had some positive effect for growth in the regime of better feeding. Survival rate of the larvae from D-veliger to pediveliger was high under all regimes of the experiment and was estimated for the minimal diet as 77.4 and 64.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively, and for the maximum diet as 81.2 and 80.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively. According to the experiment results, deficit of food at early stages of the oyster larval development affects negatively on their growth but does not have significant impact on their survival.

Evaluation of Hatchery versus Wild Sockeye Salmon Fry Growth and Survival in Two British Columbia Lakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Hyatt ◽  
Karin L. Mathias ◽  
Donald J. McQueen ◽  
Brian Mercer ◽  
Patrick Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Salmon Fry

scholarly journals SPONGE (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) CULTURE WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL EXPLANT SIZES

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽  
Petrus Rani Pong-Masak ◽  
Emma Suryati ◽  
Muhammad Tjaronge
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Viable Method

Sponge global demand for industry and research needs far exceeds supply from the sea. Aquaculture is considered as the only viable method that can supply sufficient and sustainable quantities of sponges. Aquaculture method is also one of efforts to anticipate and avoid the over-harvesting of sponges in nature. However, culture methods need to be determined to provide the platform for commercial success. In this study sponges (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) were successfully cultured by transplantation method using polyethylene net with the initial explant sizes of 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm. The result showed that the sponge growth and survival rates were dependent on the species. Callyspongia sp. and Callyspongia basilana gave the highest growth and survival rates on the treatment 3 cm with the final explants length reached 12.20 ± 2.35 cm and 7.603 ± 0.93 cm and survival rates reached 98.33% and 36.67%. In contrast, Haliclona sp. had the highest growth (21.67 ± 0.25) and survival (95%) on treatment 5 cm. Nevertheless, among the three species, treatment using 3 cm and 5 cm of initial explant sizes did not show a significant difference. Therefore for the efficiency of explants use, the best initial explant length for culturing the three species of sponges is 3 cm.

scholarly journals Growth performance of Wader Cakul juvenile (Puntius binotatus) with different stocking density

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Dony Prasetyo ◽  
Anis Zubaidah ◽  
Vera Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absolute Growth

One of the freshwater fishes thatbegan to bedeveloped is Wader fish, but there is still a lot of information that has notbeen supportedon fish farming techniques. One of them is the optimal stocking density for cultivation. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rates of the WaderCakulfish (Puntiusbinotatus).This research was conductedin May - July 2018. The method used in this study was to use aCompletely Randomized Design with 4 training, namely P1 (2 fish/liter), P2 (3 fish/liter), P3 (4 fish/liter) and P4 (5 fish/liter).Each treatment was repeated3 times. The main parameters were absolute growth rate (length and weight gain)(GR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR).Data were analyzedusing ANOVA (analysis of variance) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test. The results showed that different stocking densities gave significant values (P <0.05) for GR, SGR, SR and FCR comparisons. The best treatment in this study was P1 with a growth value of 0.31 ± 0.01 gram, SGR 3.50 ± 0.03%, Long Growth 1.97 ± 0.05 cm, SR 85.07 ± 2.17% and FCR 1.47 ± 0.02. P1 (2 fish/liter) is the best maintenance to increase the growth, survival rate, and feed efficiency of thecakulwader fish.

scholarly journals Growth and survival of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata, reared in bottom and floating cages within Mida Creek mangroves, coastal Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
James M. Mwaluma ◽  
Boaz Kaunda-Arara
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mud Crabs

Abstract Mud Crab fattening is a relatively new business idea in Kenya and is highly lucrative due to the reasonable prices offered at tourist hotels. This study was aimed at developing appropriate culture techniques for Mud Crabs to maximize harvestable biomass by the local communities and avoid recruitment overfishing. Growth and survival rates for mixed sex Mud Crabs was investigated for a period of 230 days in Mida Creek, Kenya, using bottom and floating cages, and two feed types in a crab fattening experiment. Crabs attained harvestable weight by the third month for both floating (466.2 ± 137 g) and bottom cages (542.2 ± 109.3 g). There was no significant difference in mean total weight of mixed-sex crabs in the two culture systems (t = 1.75, p&gt;0.05), however males showed significantly higher total weight gain compared to females. A higher overall survival rate was found for crabs cultured in floating cages (63.8%), compared to bottom cages (44.9%). There was no significant difference in growth performance between crabs fed gastropod tissues and those fed fish offal. The long-term specific growth rate for floating cages (0.69 g d-1) was not significantly different from that of bottom cages (0.92 g d-1). An analysis of potential return on investment showed the floating cages to be more profitable per production cycle compared to the bottom ones. The floating cage system and mono-sex male crab culture are recommended to farmers within mangrove tidal flats in Kenya.

Supercooling Points of Adult Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) From a Population Near the Northern Distribution Limit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E M Yunik ◽  
Neil B Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Established Population

Abstract The northern distributional limit of Dermacentor variabilis Say, the American dog tick, is expanding in Saskatchewan and Manitoba (western Canada). The ability of D. variabilis to continue to expand its range northwards will depend upon the ability of individuals within populations at the species distributional edge to withstand very low temperatures during winter. One component of cold hardiness is the supercooling point (SCP), the temperature below 0°C at which an individual freezes. In this study, the SCP was determined for 94 questing D. variabilis adults (44 females and 50 males) from an established population near Blackstrap Provincial Park in Saskatchewan. SCP values ranged from −18.2 to −6.7°C, with a median of −13.3°C. This suggests that host-seeking D. variabilis adults differ in their ability to survive exposure to subzero temperatures, for at least a short period of time, without freezing. The distribution of SCPs was bimodal, but there was no significant difference in SCP values between female and male ticks, and no relationship between SCP and tick body weight. It remains to be determined what factors contribute to the variation in SCP values among questing D. variabilis adults.

scholarly journals Simultaneous implant placement with autogenous onlay bone grafts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Ma ◽  
Chaoan Wu ◽  
Miaoting Shao
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Delayed Implant Placement ◽  
Onlay Grafts

AbstractSeveral authors have suggested that implants can be placed simultaneously with onlay bone grafts without affecting outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the following clinical questions: (1) What are the outcomes of implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay bone grafts? And (2) is there a difference in outcomes between simultaneous vs delayed placement of implants with autogenous onlay bone grafts? Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 November 2020. Data on implant survival was extracted from all the included studies (single arm and comparative) to calculate point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird meta-analysis model. We also compared implant survival rates between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with data from comparative studies. Nineteen studies were included. Five of them compared simultaneous and delayed placement of implants. Dividing the studies based on follow-up duration, the pooled survival of implant placed simultaneously with onlay grafts after <2.5 years of follow-up was 93.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 97.4%) and after 2.5–5 years was 86% (95% CI 78.6 to 91.1%). Implant survival was found to be 85.8% (95% CI 79.6 to 90.3%) with iliac crest grafts and 95.7% (95% CI 83.9 to 93.0%) with intra-oral grafts. Our results indicated no statistically significant difference in implant survival between simultaneous and delayed placement (OR 0.43, 95% 0.07, 2.49, I2=59.04%). Data on implant success and bone loss were limited. Data indicates that implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay grafts have a survival rate of 93.1% and 86% after a follow-up of <2.5 years and 2.5–5years respectively. A limited number of studies indicate no significant difference in implant survival between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with onlay bone grafts. There is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing simultaneous and delayed implant placement to provide robust evidence.

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