Modified Oxidation/Fermentation Medium for Use in Identification of Bacterial Fish Pathogens

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Walters ◽  
J. A. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fermentation Test ◽  
Fermentation Metabolism

A medium, designated glucose motility deep (GMD), was developed to determine motility, oxidation, fermentation, and gas production of gram-negative, cytochrome oxidase positive, bacterial fish pathogens in one culture tube. The medium is intended to replace the current glucose oxidation–fermentation test which requires two tubes and a petrolatum overlay. Isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio anguillarum, and Pasteurella piscicida were inoculated into GMD. The oxidation–fermentation metabolism, motility, and gas production of each isolate agreed with results obtained using conventional methods. Key words: bacteriology, bacterial medium, fish disease, fish pathogens, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, oxidation/fermentation, identification

Ultraviolet Treatment of Water for Destruction of Five Gram-Negative Bacteria Pathogenic to Fishes

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bullock ◽  
H. M. Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ultraviolet Treatment

Filtration (25 nm) and ultraviolet irradiation dosages of 13,100–29,400 microwatt seconds per square centimetre (μW∙s∙cm−2) effected a 99.98–100% reduction of five gram-negative fish pathogens — Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the enteric redmouth organism in 12.5 °C clear spring water or spring water containing particulate matter. Filtration and a dosage of 4500 μW∙s∙cm−2 killed 99.83–100% of test strains in spring water and 4000–4750 μW∙s∙cm−2 killed 99.33–99.99% in water with particulate matter. Irradiation of unfiltered water containing particulate matter was less effective, especially at dosages of 5000 μW∙s∙cm−2 or less, which killed 97–99.94% of strains. Filtration and 13,100 μW∙s∙cm−2 irradiation of water containing A. salmonicida prevented transmission of furunculosis. Key words: ultraviolet irradiation, bacterial fish pathogens, water disinfection

Isolation and characterization of 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-L-glucose from the core oligosaccharides obtained from the aquatic gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 877-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Banoub ◽  
Derek H. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Core Oligosaccharide ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Core ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

The amino sugar 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-L-glucose has been isolated and characterized from the core oligosaccharide obtained from the bacterial lipopolysaccharides of Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum. This is the first occasion in which a dideoxyamino sugar has been confirmed as a constituent of the core oligosaccharide rather than the O-polysaccharide.

Molecular characterization of Vibrio anguillarum biotype 2

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Schiewe ◽  
Jorge H. Crosa
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Nick Translation ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
Discrete Nature ◽  
Sequence Relationships ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage

Examination of polynucleotide sequence relationships among 11 strains of Vibrio anguillarum biotype 2 isolated from moribund fish in North America and Japan demonstrated the highly conserved character of this group of fish pathogens and, moreover, confirmed its discrete nature from V. anguillarum biotype 1. Additional molecular analyses of the V. anguillarum biotype 2 strains revealed the universal presence of a multicopy plasmid with a molecular mass of approximately 20 × 106 daltons and a mole percent guanine plus cytosine of 44. The plasmid of strain DF3K was representative of this molecular species and was designated pMJ101. Subsequent DNA–DNA hybridizations using nick translation-labeled pMJ101 as a probe indicated all the 20 × 106 dalton plasmids were either identical or highly conserved, and, furthermore, that pMJ101 was apparently unrelated to either the virulence plasmid, pJM1, of V. anguillarum biotype 1 or to representatives of common plasmid incompatibility groups. The lack of relatedness between pMJ101 and pJM1 was further supported by differences in their restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns.

Silver Oxide–Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity as a Source for the Treatment of Fish Diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
Sayed Reza Shaffiey ◽  
Sayedeh Fatemeh Shaffiey
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, gram negative bacterium which is primary or secondary cause of ulcers, fin rot, tail rot, and hemorrhagic septicaemia in fish. The treatments for this infection are only restricted to some antibiotics. So, novel materials are being searched for combating with bacterial infections and the resulting consequences. In this chapter, Ag2O/CuO nanocomposites were synthesized chemically and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antimicrobial activities of Ag2O/CuO nanoparticles (NPs), was checked by both well diffusion and turbidometric (spectrophotometric) method. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited their antimicrobial efficacy in both the standard inhibitory assays; these results thus provide a scope for further research on the application of Ag2O/CuO nanoparticles as disinfectant and/or antibiotic in the fishery industry.

scholarly journals A Case of Mortality Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Wild-Caught Red-Eyed Crocodile Skinks (Tribolonotus gracilis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kwon ◽  
Sang Guen Kim ◽  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Saekil Yun ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
In The Wild

Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in aquatic environments, is pathogenic to amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. In human medicine, the clinical symptoms of aeromonad infection include not only gastroenteritis but also extraintestinal infections, such as wounds, cellulitis, and septicemia, in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. In this study, ten red-eyed crocodile skinks (Tribolonotus gracilis) that shared the same space were found dead 7 days after being shipped from Indonesia. The necropsy revealed A. hydrophila to be the causative agent, and the isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics, based on an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Seven virulence factors (act, ast, alt, aerA, fla, gcaT, and ahyB) considered to be associated with virulence were detected by PCR. Microscopic examination revealed several necrotic lesions and melano-macrophage centers in the tissue slides. Reptiles caught in the wild for trade experience captivity stress. Furthermore, in the winter, reptiles are easily exposed to the cold atmosphere. These stresses can negatively impact the immunity of these ectotherms, making them vulnerable to A. hydrophila infections. Therefore, to avoid such opportunistic infections and mortality following exposure to severe stress, medical care is recommended. The studies of alternatives, such as bacteriophage and bacteriocin, are needed for a preventive application.

Pyrogens fail to produce fever in a cordylid lizard

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R198-R202 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Laburn ◽  
D. Mitchell ◽  
E. Kenedi ◽  
G. N. Louw
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

We investigated the effects on body temperature of the lizard Cordylus cataphractus of intracardiac injections of leucocyte pyrogen (LP) synthesized from rabbit blood and of killed Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram-negative bacterium reputed to be pathogenic in lizards. Lizards were placed in a photothermal gradient that allowed them to select a preferred body temperature following the injections. Neither injection of 0.5 ml rabbit LP nor of 4 X 10(9) organisms of A. hydrophila in 0.2 ml sterile saline caused body temperature of lizards to differ from that of control lizards injected with sterile saline. Following injection of these solutions in the lizards placed in a thermal gradient where ambient temperature ranged from 20-88 degrees C, body temperature was maintained between 32 and 34 degrees C. Pyrogens failed to elevate body temperature even when body temperature was elevated artificially to 36 degrees C before injection. We conclude that C. cataphractus does not respond with fever to either rabbit LP or A. hydrophila. Fever may not be ubiquitous even among lizards.

scholarly journals Multifocal Aeromonas Osteomyelitis in a Child with Leukemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Doganis ◽  
Margarita Baka ◽  
Maria Tsolia ◽  
Apostolos Pourtsidis ◽  
Evangelia Lebessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Bone Marrow Aplasia ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling ◽  
Extraintestinal Disease

Aeromonas hydrophilais a Gram negative organism causing both intestinal and extraintestinal disease. The case of a 14-year-old girl with underlying immunodeficiency and leukemia who developed systemicA. hydrophilainfection is described in this report. While in deep bone marrow aplasia she developed fever, severe pain in the lower extremities, and swelling of the left femur. Blood culture showedEscherichia coliandA. hydrophilawhereas pus culture from the soft tissue swelling showed the presence ofA. hydrophila. Imaging studies showed diffuse osteolytic lesions. Patient received 5 months of intravenous and oral antibiotics and she improved clinically whereas the radiology findings persisted.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides Protect Coho Salmon fromVibrio anguillarum Infections

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1928-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jia ◽  
A. Patrzykat ◽  
R. H. Devlin ◽  
P. A. Ackerman ◽  
G. K. Iwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fish Pathogens

ABSTRACT Fish losses from infectious diseases are a significant problem in aquaculture worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the ability of cationic antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection caused by the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. To identify effective peptides for fish, the MICs of certain antimicrobial peptides against fish pathogens were determined in vitro. Two of the most effective antimicrobial peptides, CEME, a cecropin-melittin hybrid peptide, and pleurocidin amide, a C-terminally amidated form of the natural flounder peptide, were selected for in vivo studies. A single intraperitoneal injection of CEME did not affect mortality rates in juvenile coho salmon infected with V. anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis. Therefore, the peptides were delivered continuously using miniosmotic pumps placed in the peritoneal cavity. Twelve days after pump implantation, the fish received intraperitoneal injections ofV. anguillarum at a dose that would kill 50 to 90% of the population. Fish receiving 200 μg of CEME per day survived longer and had significantly lower accumulated mortalities (13%) than the control groups (50 to 58%). Fish receiving pleurocidin amide at 250 μg per day also survived longer and had significantly lower accumulated mortalities (5%) than the control groups (67 to 75%). This clearly shows the potential for antimicrobial peptides to protect fish against infections and indicates that the strategy of overexpressing the peptides in transgenic fish may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems.

scholarly journals The influence of the mangrove leaves infusion Excoecaria agallocha against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria infection in tilapia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
New Antibiotics

Tilapia is fish consumption with some excess, that is has a high protein, non-cholesterol, the taste is delicious, affordable and easily cultivated. One of the problems in cultivating them is a disease because it can cause the death of the fish. Disease-causing factors can be derived from the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The bacteria A. hydrophila can cause the death of fish until 80%-100% within 1-2 week and even many that are already resistant to several types of commercial antibiotics, so that the need to look for a new antibiotics source. The source of these antibiotics can be derived from nature because it is cheaper, safer and environmentally friendly. Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha has been known to have potential as an antibacterial, larvacide, and antifungal. This can be used as a source of antibiotics. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of the mangrove leaves infusion E. agallocha in preventing the spread of disease in tilapia infected the bacteria and identify the compounds of secondary metabolite. This research was carried out from March-August 2018 and use approach posttest-only control group design (by comparing the treatment with the control group). The amount of treatment is five with three replicates. The dose used, namely 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The results showed that there was no difference in the influence of the mangrove leaves infusion E. agallocha against weight gain and survival rate of tilapia juveniles. The result of phytochemical screening indicates that E. agallocha leaves infusion contains tannins and flavonoids.

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