Effects of Heterogeneity in the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Juvenile Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Blueback Herring (A. aestivalis) Density on Estimation of an Index of Abondance

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1564-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Jessop ◽  
W. E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
Sampling Scale ◽  
Density Pattern

Significant heterogeneity occurred in the spatial and temporal pattern of the nocturnal, near-surface (0 to 1.5 m depth) density of juvenile anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) in the Mactaquac Dam headpond, Saint John River, New Brunswick. Juvenile alewife were less available to a pushnet than were blueback herring. Patches of higher density persisted for up to 4 wk for both species. Estimates of patch size depended upon the sampling scale, with larger patches (16 to 58 km long) composed of smaller patches (0.5 to 2.2 km long). The index of aggregation of Taylor's power law was similar for both species pooled value 2.20) Lloyd's index of patchiness varied significantly, for both species, spatially but not temporally, and tended to be higher for blueback herring than for alewife. Density and patchiness differed for both species within and between an upriver, lotic zone and downriver, lentic zone. Mean densities were more precisely estimated at high than at low densities and for alewife than for blueback herring (n = 61). Stratification increased the precision, relative to simple random sampling, of estimates of mean density, particularly at high densities of the more patchily dispersed blueback herring. Autocorrelation occurred in the spatial density pattern of both species at coarse (1–100 km) and medium (0.1–4 km) sampling scales. Variations in the intensity and grain of patchiness may affect the choice of survey design, sample and sample unit size, and frequency of sampling required for a desired precision of density estimates.

Peran Kedisiplinan Belajar dan Kecerdasan Matematis Logis Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supardi Supardi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Simultaneous Impact ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Test Requirements

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of learning discipline <br />and logical mathematical intelligence on mathematics achievement. This study is a survey design. This research did in student class XI IPA SMA Negeri 98 Jakarta semester 2012/2013. The sample taken by simple random sampling technique, involved 40 students. The instrument were in the forms of questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed first by test requirements, the normality test, linearity and multicollinearity. Based on the fulfillment of the criteria in terms of the tes analyzed, inferential analysis to the test the research hypothesis. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression. The findings showed that (1) learning discipline and logical mathematical intelligence had a positive and significant simultaneous impact on mathematics achievement. (2) learning discipline had a positive and significant impact on mathematics achievement. (3) logical mathematical intelligence had a positive and significant impact on mathematics achievement. </p>

scholarly journals Self-Secondaries Formed by Cold Spot Craters on the Moon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Yiren Chang ◽  
Zhiyong Xiao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Cui
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Impact Craters ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Crater Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Density Pattern

Self-secondaries are a population of background secondaries, and they have been observed on top of impact melt and ballistically emplaced ejecta deposits on various planetary bodies. Self-secondaries are formed by impacts of sub-vertically launched ejecta, but the launch mechanism is not confirmed. The potential threat of self-secondaries to the theoretical and applicable reliability of crater chronology has been noted, but not constrained. Hitherto discovered self-secondaries were located around complex impact craters, but their potential existence around simple craters has not been discovered. Here we report the first discovery of self-secondaries around lunar cold spot craters, which are an extremely young population of simple craters formed within the past ~1 million years on the Moon. Self-secondaries are widespread on layers of cascading flow-like ejecta deposits around cold spot craters. The spatial density of self-secondaries dwarfs that of potential primary craters. The spatial distribution of self-secondaries is highly heterogeneous across the ejecta deposits. With respect to the impactor trajectory that formed cold spot craters, self-secondaries formed at the downrange of the ejecta deposits have the largest spatial density, while those at the uprange have the smallest density. This density pattern holds for all cold spot craters that were formed by non-vertical impacts, but self-secondaries do not exhibit other systematic density variations at different radial distances or at other azimuths with respect to the impactor trajectory. Among known mechanics of ejecting materials to the exterior of impact craters, impact spallation is the most likely scenario to account for the required large ejection velocities and angles to form self-secondaries. The production population of self-secondaries is estimated based on the highly diverse crater size-frequency distributions across the ejecta deposits of cold spot craters. For a better understanding of the impact history on the Moon, a systematic investigation for the effect of self-secondaries on lunar crater chronology is required.

scholarly journals Football Spectator Violence During Matches at the Zimbabwe Football Association Division One Level in Gweru District

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nemerai Pedzisai ◽  
◽  
Edmore Nhamo ◽  
Simbarashe Magonde ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Midlands Province ◽  
Spectator Violence

Background: A number of football matches in Gweru district have been characterised by undesirable acts of spectator violence resulting in injury and malicious damage to property. Football spectator violence is a very negative phenomenon in football because it chases away sponsors who do not want their organisations and brands to be associated with hooliganism. Violence also discourages spectators from attending football matches as they fear for their safety. This status quo precipitated the need to identify football stakeholders’ perceptions on the causes of spectator violence during football matches at Division One level in Gweru District. Aims: The primary aim and focus of this study was to investigate spectator violence among football spectators in Gweru district in Zimbabwe. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify the main causes of football spectator violence and recommend strategies to mitigate or even eliminate this scourge. Study Setting: The study was conducted in Gweru district in the midlands province of Zimbabwe. Materials and Methods: The study adopted the quantitative research approach utilising the descriptive survey design. Closed questionnaires were used to collect data from, twenty division one footballers from four Gweru division one football clubs, twenty spectators, six football referees and four coaches. This resulted in a total sample of fifty (50) respondents. Simple random sampling (Gold Fish Bowl procedure) was used to select the twenty players and six referees. Purposive sampling was used to select the four coaches and twenty football spectators. Statistics: Data was analysed statistically using simple frequency tables. Results and Conclusion: The study revealed that spectator violence during football matches at division one level in Gweru is mainly a result of hooliganism, controversial refereeing, lack of fair play by footballers in the field of play, outcome of matches, rivalry between clubs and euphoria. Factors such as use of juju, prestige seeking by spectators and reporting of violence by the media were found to be minor contributors towards football spectator violence during football matches in Gweru district. Recommendations: The study recommends that the Zimbabwe republic police who provide security during these violent matches should tighten security at football matches by searching all fans thoroughly for dangerous weapons and alcohol at stadia entry points. ZIFA and PSL should educate all football clubs on the negative effects of violence and punish offending teams severely. The clubs should educate their fans to shun violence. Sponsors should include funds in their sponsorship packages for purposes of educating fans on violence. Soccer players should lead by example and avoid provoking other team’s fans

scholarly journals DISCIPLINE IN EDUCATION: CAUSES AND POSSIBLE STRATEGIES TO CURB EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Adzrolo ◽  
Kenneth Asamoah-Gyimah ◽  
Andrews Cobbinah ◽  
Ruth Annan-Brew
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Teaching And Learning Environment ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Descriptive Survey

<p>This paper investigated the causes and possible strategies to minimize examination malpractices in Senior High Schools (SHSs) in Ghana. A descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach was used for the study. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 335 respondents which comprised 302 students and 33 teachers. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to analyse the data gathered. The findings revealed that the leading cause of examination malpractices was ‘insufficient students’ preparation for WASSCE and Public education on effects of examination malpractices has also emerged as the number one strategy to minimize the menace. It was concluded that in schools where a conducive environment and teaching/ learning materials are not provided for effective academic work, performance falls below what is expected, to achieve academic success, students and teachers engage in examination malpractices to raise the academic image of the school. It was recommended that school authorities provide a conducive teaching and learning environment to ensure effective academic work in schools to minimize the menace.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0896/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Assessing the divergence of south-south Nigerian indigenous contractors in international construction environment for national economic recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nsikak E.U. ◽  
Timothy E.E. ◽  
Sylvanus E.N.
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Good Industry

The expansion from the domestic market to the international market has become increasingly important for construction business including that of Nigerian Contractors amidst saturated local market, more patronage to foreign Contractors by the sector, stiff competition, political rivalry, insecurity and dwindling economic situation in the country. These factors have left most Contractors vulnerable for years without contract awards thereby resulting in retrenchments, inability to remit value-added tax (VAT), unsustained company’s profitability, heavy financial risk, practice and technology drain, bankruptcy, merging of companies as well as redundancy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to evaluate sound prospects for economic boost by the involvement of indigenous Contractors in oversea’s projects. The research was built on the foundation of stage growth theory which postulated that countries should modernize and model themselves after wealthier and economical viable ones to climb the upward ladder for development. The paper adopted a survey design method in which a total of 150 questionnaires were administered representing the sample size and 120 copies filled and submitted completely was achieved through a simple random sampling technique from the target population of 240 Federal Government-registered Indigenous Contractors in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data analysis was done through simple percentages, frequencies, mean as well as statistics tools-analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to test the effect of one variable on another. The results showed that high profit and revenue, expansion of subsidiaries, foreign direct investment (FDI), new technological strength, the local and foreign government supports, amongst others were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th respectively as key prospects that will be achieved for the economic recovery of the nation. Also, competing in a foreign contract will lower the cost of the project in the country. The paper tested a hypothesis: whether there is value addition on the nation economy via indigenous contractor participation in the foreign project. The alternative hypothesis H1 was accepted since the f-calculated value of 64.24 was greater than the table f-value of 5.29 at 4/20 degree of freedom tested at 0.01 level of significance. It then concluded that Indigenous contractors has not been involved significantly in the overseas project, hence; it recommended an integrated approach, developing external wings, good industry practices, technical and dynamic capabilities, collective championing and depoliticizing construction contract for maximum participation.

scholarly journals Head Teachers’ Role in Facilitating School Facilities that Influence Pupils’ Performance in Kcpe

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
John M. Mbunde
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Education Science

This paper discusses the head teachers’ role in facilitating school facilities that influence pupils’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary School (KCPE). The objective was to establish the head teachers’ role in facilitating school facilities that influence pupils’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary School. The research was based on the Max Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy. The target population was 612 head teachers, senior teachers and accounts’ clerks in Nairobi County. The sample size was 123. The research employed descriptive survey design. The schools selected were 14 from Westland and Dagoretti districts and 13 from Lang’ata district through simple random sampling. The head teachers and accounts’ clerks were selected by purposive sampling methods. The research instruments used were the interview and document analysis guides. Validation of both instruments was done by the expert judgment review by supervisors from the Department of Educational Administration and Planning of the University of Nairobi. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data which was presented in a table. The study established that all the 41 sampled schools had fairly adequate exercise books, buildings and furniture; inadequate textbooks, radios, equipment, computers, displays, charts and playgrounds. The study concluded that the head teachers had not facilitated adequate school facilities that influence pupils’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary School (KCPE). It was recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology should increase funding of schools to enable the head teachers to procure more school facilities to enhance pupils’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary School.

scholarly journals Effect of Teachers’ Own Perception of Their Profession on Job Satisfaction and Performance in the Private Primary Schools in Yei Town, South Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Alyaha Daniel Felix Ohide ◽  
Rosemary Wahu Mbogo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

<div><p>Teachers often find themselves frustrated at work because of conflicting expectations concerning their professional and social roles within the community. This paper looks at the effect of teachers’ perception of their profession on their satisfaction at job and performance. The authors employ a survey design in private schools in Yei Town, South Sudan to establish the impact of these perceptions. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from ten private schools. The respondents’ therefore included 10 head teachers, 100 teachers giving a total of 110 respondents. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Data collected was analysed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0 was and presented in frequencies and percentages and a regression analysis performed to establish the relationships among the variables. The study findings indicated that a considerable number of the teachers (38.9%) indicated that teacher’s own perception of their own profession does not affect the teachers’ job satisfaction and performance.</p></div>

scholarly journals Formative Assessment Enriches Learning: Perspectives Of Female University Teachers In Karachi (Pakistan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Mohammad ◽  
Rubina Masum ◽  
Sheeba Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Female Faculty ◽  
University Teachers

This article is drawn from PhD dissertation and the prime purpose of this research is to study the perspective of female university teachers regarding impact of formative assessment on learning at university level in Karachi (Pakistan) and to suggest the appropriate practices of formative assessment to enhance the learning. The scope of the study is limited to female faculty members of education in the universities in Karachi. The survey design, research strategy, was adopted for the study. The target population, for the study, was 136 female faculty members of education in the universities (public and private) in Karachi (Pakistan). Simple Random Sampling (SRS) design was adopted to select the universities as a unit of sampling and female faculty members of the same universities were the sample size. In this process 66 Female faculty members were selected as sample size from different eight (8) universities. The questionnaire was adopted as research instrument. Data was analyzed and it was found that the formative assessment enriches learning. In the light of findings concrete recommendations were made.

Discrimination by External Features between Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Blueback Herring (A. aestivalis)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia MacLellan ◽  
G. E. (Buck) Newsome ◽  
Peter A. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Character ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
Species Specific

This study reviews methods formerly recommended for discriminating between the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) and suggests an alternate, more efficient, external species-specific character. The method relies on differences in scale imbrication patterns and scale morphology.Key words: alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus; blueback herring, A. aestivalis; morphology, meristics, identification

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