Multiple stud shear connections in deep ribbed metal deck

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Shear Connections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Close Estimate

This paper summarizes the results of push-out tests conducted on 17 different types of shear connections simulating three distinct components of a composite floor system: (1) an interior beam (perpendicular metal deck), (2) a spandrel beam (perpendicular metal deck), and (3) a girder (parallel metal deck). Each push-out specimen had a layer of 152 × 152 WM9.1 × WM9.1 welded wire mesh at mid-depth of each concrete slab.Two composite beams, each with ribbed shear connections typical of those in two of the types of push-out specimens representing ribbed shear connections in interior composite beams with ribbed metal deck, were tested with third-point loads over a simply supported span. Using the average ultimate shear strengths of the push-out specimens having the same configurations as the ribbed shear connections in the composite beam tests to calculate the ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams resulted in a very close estimate of the measured ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams. The average measured static yield strengths of the flanges and webs of the wide-flange sections used in the composite beam tests were included in the calculations of the ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams. Key words: composite, push-out, ultimate shear, shear stud, ribbed metal deck, deep rib.

Experimental and Analytical Study of Various Shear Connectors Used for Cold-Formed Steel-Ferrocement Composite Beam

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Saggaff ◽  
Talal Alhajri ◽  
M.Md. Tahir ◽  
Khaled Alenezi ◽  
Cher Siang Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Good Agreement

This work presents the experimental tests carried out to evaluate the behaviour of different types of shear connectors proposed for cold formed steel (CFS) section integrated with ferrocement slab as potential used for composite beam. Ten push-out test specimens of cold-formed steel lipped channel sections connected with ferrocement slab were tested. Three types of shear connectors were studied comprised of bolts, self-drilling-screw and bar angle. The connection behavior is analysed in terms of its load-slip relationship and the failure mode. The parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect on the shear connector’s capacity by varying the number of layers of wire mesh used in ferrocement slab and types of shear connector used. A theoretical analysis (Eurocode 4) was carried out to verify the experiment results. The results show that the experimental and theoretical proved to have good agreement with each other.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Timber−Lightweight Concrete Composite Beams with Ductile Bolt Connectors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Yafeng Hu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yadong Yan ◽  
Weiyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Bending Failure ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Timber Beams

A timber–lightweight−concrete (TLC) composite beam connected with a ductile connector in which the ductile connector is made of a stainless−steel bolt anchored with nuts at both ends was proposed. The push−out results and bending performance of the TLC composite specimens were investigated by experimental testing. The push−out results of the shear specimens show that shear–slip curves exhibit good ductility and that their failure can be attributed to bolt buckling accompanied by lightweight concrete cracking. Through the bending tests of ten TLC composite beams and two contrast (pure timber) beams, the effects of different bolt diameters on the strengthening effect of the TLC composite beams were studied. The results show that the TLC composite beams and contrast timber beams break on the timber fiber at the lowest edge of the TLC composite beam, and the failure mode is attributed to bending failure, whereas the bolt connectors and lightweight concrete have no obvious breakage; moreover, the ductile bolt connectors show a good connection performance until the TLC composite beams fail. The ultimate bearing capacities of the TLC composite beams increase 2.03–3.5 times compared to those of the contrast beams, while the mid-span maximum deformation decrease nearly doubled.

scholarly journals A novel one-sided push-out test for shear connectors in composite beams

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulhussein Al-Shuwaili ◽  
Alessandro Palmeri ◽  
Maria Teresa Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Shear Connections ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Headed Stud ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Push Out

Push-out tests (POTs) have been widely exploited as an alternative to the more expensive full-scale bending tests to characterize the behaviour of shear connections in steel-concrete composite beams. In these tests, two concrete slabs are typically attached to a steel section with the connectors under investigation, which are then subjected to direct shear. The results allow quantifying the relationship between applied load and displacements at the steel-concrete interface. Since this relationship is highly influenced by the boundary conditions of POT samples, different experimental setups have been used, where the slabs are either restricted or free to slide horizontally, as researchers have tried to reduce any discrepancy between POT and full-scale composite beam testing. Based on a critical review of various POT configurations presented in the dedicated literature, this paper presents an efficient one-sided POT (OSPOT) method. While OSPOT and POT specimens are similar, in the proposed OPSPOT setup only one of the two slabs is directly loaded in each test, and the slab is free to move vertically. Thus, two results can be obtained from one specimen, i.e. one from each slab. A series of POTs and OSPOTs have been conducted to investigate the behaviour and the shear resistance of headed stud connectors through the two methods of testing. The results of this study than were compared with those of different POTs setups conducted by other researchers. The new OSPOT results show in general an excellent agreement with the analytical predictions offered by both British and European standards, as well as the estimated shear resistance proposed other researchers in the literature. These findings suggest that the proposed one-sided setup could be used as an efficient and economical option for conducting the POT, as it has the potential not only to double the number of results, but also to simplify the fabrication of the samples, which is important in any large experimental campaign, and to allow testing with limited capacity of the actuator. 

Tests of full-size composite beams with perfobond rib connectors

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Oguejiofor ◽  
M. U. Hosain
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Push Out

This paper presents the test results of six full-size composite beam specimens with perfobond rib shear connectors embedded in solid concrete slab. The objective of this investigation was to study the performance of this connector in full-size composite beams and to correlate the test results with those obtained from push-out specimens. In the first three beam specimens, the amount of transverse reinforcement was varied. Two other specimens were used to investigate the effectiveness of more perfobond rib connectors of shorter length. The effect of passing transverse reinforcing bars through the connector rib holes was investigated using the last specimen. Failure of the test specimens was initiated by longitudinal splitting of the concrete slab, eventually culminating in the crushing of concrete in the bearing zone immediately in front of the end perfobond rib connectors. The test results showed that increasing the transverse reinforcement ratio, excluding the wire mesh, from 0.11% to 0.20% led to a 10% increase in the ultimate capacity. The test specimen with six 251 mm long connectors sustained 11% higher ultimate capacity compared to that with four 376 mm long connectors. An increase of 8.4% in the ultimate strength was observed when transverse reinforcing bars were passed through the perfobond rib holes while keeping the total amount of transverse reinforcement unchanged. The experimental values of the ultimate flexural capacity of the beam specimens were, on the average, approximately 1.11 times the predicted values based on push-out test results. Key words: composite beam, perfobond rib connector, push-out test, full-size test, flexural capacity.

scholarly journals Behaviour and push-out test of concrete dowel connectors for longitudinal shear in shallow-hollow composite beams

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Han Ngoc Duc ◽  
Vu Anh Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Tuan Dat
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Floor Structure ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Push Out

The shear transferring mechanisms of shallow-hollow composite beams with concrete slab cast in place are different with conventional headed shear studs and have not been investigated previously. In this study, the behavior and push-out test of concrete dowel connectors for longitudinal shear in shallow-hollow composite beams are described. The theory prediction for concrete dowel connectors without tie-bars adopted in this study was based on EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1994-1-1. Push-out tests of three specimens were conducted and the results were compared with theory prediction and published formula to identify longitudinal shear resistance. The failure of specimens and the ultimate failure load values of push-out test were proved that the behavior of concrete dowel in shallow-hollow composite beams was not under pure shear stress. Keywords: steel-concrete composite beam; shallow-hollow composite beam; concrete dowel connectors; longitudinal shear resistance; shallow floor structure.

Review on Shear Connectors in Timber-Concrete Composite Beams

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Li Ping Chen ◽  
Guo Jing He ◽  
Hong Zhi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
Shear Connector ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

The timber-concrete composite (TCC) beam is a new type of structural member, which formed by combing a timber beam and an upper concrete flange using different types of connectors. Compared with the traditional timber beam, the bending and stiffness of the composite beam is proved. In composite structure, the important factor of the structure is the shear connector. So structural efficiency of a TCC highly depends on the stiffness of the interlayer connection. This paper presents a survey on the state-of-the-art of shear connectors for TCC beam research in the past and recent years. And put forward to the subsequent study of shear connectors in TCC beams.

scholarly journals Longitudinal shear capacity of the slabs of composite beams

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. El-Ghazzi ◽  
H. Robinson ◽  
I. A. S. Elkholy
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Slab Width ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Concrete Elements

The longitudinal shear failure of the slab of composite beams is constrained to occur at a predetermined shear surface. A method for calculating the longitudinal shear capacity of the slab of simply-supported steel–concrete composite beams is presented. The method is based on analyzing the stresses at failure of the concrete elements located at the slab shear surface.A design chart based on estimating the transverse normal stress required within the concrete slab to achieve the full ultimate flexural capacity of the composite beam is proposed. Alternatively, using elastic–plastic stress distribution across the concrete slab, the longitudinal compressive force due to bending and hence the applied moment can be predicted for any longitudinal shear capacity of the slab. The proposed design and analysis when compared to previous tests and analysis showed good agreement.The slab width and the shear span of the composite beam are found to be two important parameters which cannot be neglected when estimating the longitudinal shear capacity of the slab. These two parameters have been neglected in the empirical solutions previously adopted.

Monotonic and fatigue assessment of steel-concrete composite beams strengthened with externally post-tensioned tendons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ayman Elzohairy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Post Tensioning ◽  
Post Tensioned

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The steel-concrete composite beam represents a structural system widely employed in both buildings and girder bridges. The coupling between steel beams and concrete flanges assures both economic and structural benefits because of quick construction of steel structures and large increase in stiffness due to the presence of concrete. Strengthening with external post-tensioning (PT) force is particularly effective and economical for long-span steel-concrete composite beams and has been employed with great success to increase the bending and shear resistance and correct excessive deflections. Applying external PT force to the steel-concrete composite beam is considered an active strengthening technique that can create permanent internal straining action in the beam which is opposite to the existing straining action due to the applied service loads. The most benefits of using this system of strengthening are an elastic performance to higher loads, higher ultimate capacity, and reduction in deformation under the applied loads. Under service loads, bridge superstructures are subjected to cyclic loads which may cause a premature failure due to fatigue. Therefore, fatigue testing is critical to evaluate existing design methods of steel-concrete composite beams. ... This research presents static and fatigue tests on four steel-concrete composite specimens to evaluate the effect of externally post-tensioned tendons on the ultimate strength and fatigue behavior of composite beams. Fatigue tests are conducted to a million cycles under a four-point bending test. In addition, final static tests are performed on fatigued specimens to evaluate the residual strength of the strengthened specimen. A numerical model is described to predict the fatigue response of the composite beam by considering the fatigue damage in the concrete flange. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated using the existing test data. The static test results indicate that the external post-tensioning force improves the flexural behavior of the strengthened specimen by increasing the beam capacity and reducing the tensile stress in the bottom flange of the steel beam. The fatigue results demonstrate that the external post-tensioning significantly decreases the strains in the shear connectors, concrete flange, and steel beam. The tendons demonstrated an excellent fatigue performance, with no indication of distress at the anchors.

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