Planning and design of passing lanes for the Trans-Canada Highway in Yoho National Park

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morrall ◽  
Wayne Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
National Park ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highway Planning ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the techniques used in the planning and design of a system of passing lanes for the Trans-Canada Highway in Yoho National Park. The techniques, which include a traffic simulation model, were developed to allow the evaluation of the impact of low-cost operational improvements such as passing lanes on the level of service. The traffic simulation model allowed the investigation of a wide range of highway alternatives in addition to changes in traffic flow, traffic stream characteristics, and vehicle performance characteristics. The passing lane designs described in the paper are based on the concept of incorporating passing lanes within the existing highway cross section. The design concept has evolved from the experimental passing lane project in Banff. In addition to geometric design, signing, and road marking guidelines, warrants for bicycle lanes on the Trans-Canada Highway are also presented. Key words: highway planning and engineering, two-lane highways, traffic simulation model, level of service, passing lanes, Trans-Canada Highway.

scholarly journals Developing Relative Humidity and Temperature Corrections for Low-Cost Sensors Using Machine Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Ivan Vajs ◽  
Dejan Drajic ◽  
Nenad Gligoric ◽  
Ilija Radovanovic ◽  
Ivan Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Existing government air quality monitoring networks consist of static measurement stations, which are highly reliable and accurately measure a wide range of air pollutants, but they are very large, expensive and require significant amounts of maintenance. As a promising solution, low-cost sensors are being introduced as complementary, air quality monitoring stations. These sensors are, however, not reliable due to the lower accuracy, short life cycle and corresponding calibration issues. Recent studies have shown that low-cost sensors are affected by relative humidity and temperature. In this paper, we explore methods to additionally improve the calibration algorithms with the aim to increase the measurement accuracy considering the impact of temperature and humidity on the readings, by using machine learning. A detailed comparative analysis of linear regression, artificial neural network and random forest algorithms are presented, analyzing their performance on the measurements of CO, NO2 and PM10 particles, with promising results and an achieved R2 of 0.93–0.97, 0.82–0.94 and 0.73–0.89 dependent on the observed period of the year, respectively, for each pollutant. A comprehensive analysis and recommendations on how low-cost sensors could be used as complementary monitoring stations to the reference ones, to increase spatial and temporal measurement resolution, is provided.

Understanding the Influence of Climate Elements on Traffic Behavior: The Wind Impact Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Sentić ◽  
Jasmina Đorđević ◽  
Tijana Đorđević ◽  
Mirjana Ljubojević ◽  
Jelena Čukanović
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Highway Planning ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to intense highway congestion in Europe, increased percentage of highway accidents, as well as mortality rate, safety is an imperative in highway planning and design. Highway design safety standards have been researched extensively, but not enough attention has been paid to the surrounding environmental impacts, foremost climate elements. Therefore, this research attempts to understand the least researched climate element — the wind, and its impact on highway safety. The highway landscape falls under the category of the wind impacts that can cause significant problems for the drivers throughout the year. The values for wind direction, frequency and intensity were taken from the CARPATCLIM database. The evaluation of homogenized and harmonized set of data on a daily basis for a twenty-year period documented a variety of wind impacts on highway safety. It was found that the wind is constantly present throughout the year, with specific monthly oscillations. By using the ArcGis and the interpolation method, it has been clearly observed at which points the effect of intense winds was present the most. In order to understand the overall image of highway safety, fieldwork was conducted in various meteorological conditions. The checklists photo-documented and qualitatively described the observed extreme wind events (alone or combined with one more climate element). Based on everything described above, the image of the current situation was provided, and the proposal for control of the impact of wind using an adequate vegetation assembly (windbreaks) has been offered.

Cross-section elements to accommodate passing lanes and vehicle storage during avalanche control for the Trans-Canada Highway in Rogers Pass

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morrall
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Avalanche Control

The two basic problems facing the Trans-Canada Highway through Rogers Pass, namely the winter problem of adequate vehicle storage areas during avalanche control and the summer problem of maintaining an acceptable level of service by ensuring adequate passing opportunities, may be linked through a common denominator — passing lanes. This paper presents the findings of a recently completed study of the Trans-Canada Highway through Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Park. The study method is based on the fact that traffic flow characteristics, highway conditions, and operational requirements vary considerably from season to season. Thus, the analysis was broken into two parts, namely a separate analysis of winter and summer conditions. A traffic simulation model was used to determine those locations that could serve as potential sites for passing lanes during summer. The traffic simulation model developed for the passing lane analysis utilized files that describe road geometry, summer traffic flow and composition, and vehicle performance. A separate simulation model was developed to determine vehicle storage requirements of ponding areas during avalanche control. The model developed for winter traffic characteristics also provided the basis for a flexible traffic management strategy. Cross-section elements were developed to accommodate an auxiliary lane to be used as a passing lane in summer and as a parking lane to increase the capacity of ponding areas during avalanche control in winter. Design requirements called for triple stacking of vehicles in ponding areas during avalanche control. To accommodate design year traffic volumes at an acceptable level of service during the summer months, 12 passing lanes totalling 23 km in length were recommended. Six ponding areas, totalling 4 km in length, are coincident with four of the passing lane locations. The paper concludes with a general discussion on the benefits of linking traffic simulation with geometric design to demonstrate how the design life of rural two-lane highways can be extended by the use of low-cost operational improvements such as passing lanes. Key words: highway planning and engineering, two-lane highways traffic management during avalanche stabilization, passing lanes, cross-section elements, Trans-Canada Highway.

scholarly journals At what Pressure Shall CO2 Be Transported by Ship? An in-Depth Cost Comparison of 7 and 15 Barg Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Simon Roussanaly ◽  
Han Deng ◽  
Geir Skaugen ◽  
Truls Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
The Impact

The pipeline has historically been the preferred means to transport CO2 due to its low cost for short distances and opportunities for economies of scale. However, interest in vessel-based transport of CO2 is growing. While most of the literature has assumed that CO2 shipping would take place at low pressure (at 7 barg and −46 °C), the issue of identifying best transport conditions, in terms of pressure, temperature, and gas composition, is becoming more relevant as ship-based carbon capture and storage chains move towards implementation. This study focuses on an in-depth comparison of the two primary and relevant transport pressures, 7 and 15 barg, for annual volumes up to 20 MtCO2/year and transport distances up to 2000 km. We also address the impact of a number of key factors on optimal transport conditions, including (a) transport between harbours versus transport to an offshore site, (b) CO2 pressure prior to conditioning, (c) the presence of impurities and of purity constraints, and (d) maximum feasible ship capacities for the 7 and 15 barg options. Overall, we have found that 7 barg shipping is the most cost-efficient option for the combinations of distance and annual volume where transport by ship is the cost-optimal means of transport. Furthermore, 7 barg shipping can enable significant cost reductions (beyond 30%) compared to 15 barg shipping for a wide range of annual volume capacities.

The chemical versus energy cost tug of war: A pulp mill perspective

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

As the cost of energy and processing chemicals changes, the optimal, lowest cost operating conditions within a pulp mill also change. Additionally, the optimal cost operating point within one area of the mill may not result in a total mill low cost operation. Three practical pulp mill examples have been analyzed under varying cost constraints for energy and chemicals to determine the impact of energy and chemical cost changes on the low cost operating point. These examples include changing the digester kappa number target, changing the brownstock washing dilution factor, and the conversion of a continuous digester from one type of cooking process to a lower energy cooking process. Selected mill operating results and laboratory data were employed to tune various process simulation models to obtain cost predictions over a wide range of operating conditions.

Simulation on the Behavior of Individual Vehicles with Influence Evaluation of Flow Rate and Speed Limits on Freeway

2014 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Shu Yue Wu ◽  
Xiao Tong Yu ◽  
Zhong Wei He ◽  
Xin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Tool

Traffic simulation, a powerful scientific tool, can be applied to both transportation planning and to transportation design and operations. In this paper, a micro-simulation model is developed to simulate the behavior of individual vehicles on the freeway and is used to evaluate the impact of changes in efficiency and safety resulting from changes to traffic flow and speed limits. All aforementioned influences are expressed at a quantitive level.

Privacy as a secondary goal problem: an experiment examining control

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hughes-Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on results of an investigation into the impact of adding privacy salient information (defined through the theory of planned behaviour) into the user interface (UI) of a faux social network. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were asked to create their profiles on a new social network specifically for Nottingham Trent University students by answering a series of questions that vary in the sensitivity of personal information requested. A treatment is designed that allows participants to review their answers and make amendments based on suggestions from the treatment. A dynamic privacy score that improves as amendments are made is designed to encourage privacy-oriented behaviour. Results from the treatment group are compared to a control group. Findings – Participants within the treatment group disclosed less than those in the control with statistical significance. The more sensitive questions in particular were answered less when compared to the control, suggesting that participants were making more privacy-conscious decisions. Practical implications – Work within this paper suggests that simple UI changes can promote more privacy-conscious behaviour. These simple changes could provide a low-cost method to ensuring the Internet safety of a wide range of users. Originality/value – This study provides a clear definition of privacy salient UI mechanisms based on a well-established theory of behaviour and examines their potential effect on end-users through a novel experiment. Results and methods from this work can enable researchers to better understand privacy behaviour.

scholarly journals Space Weather: The Significance of e-CALLISTO (Malaysia) as One of Contributor of Solar Radio Burst due to Solar Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zety Sharizat Hamidi ◽  
N.N.M. Shariff ◽  
C. Monstein ◽  
Z.A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Solar Burst ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solar Bursts ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

The impact of solar activities indirectly affected the conditions of earth's climate and space weather in general. In this work, we will highlight a low cost project, however, potentially gives a high impact through a dedicated long-term and one of the most successful space weather project. This research is a part of an initiative of the United Nations together with NASA in order to support developing countries participating in ‘Western Science’ research. At the beginning of 2007, the objective to monitor the solar activities (solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections) within 24 hours all over the world has positively turned to reality. Realize how important for us to keep doing a research about the solar bursts, by using the new radio spectrometer, CALLISTO. This research is not only hoping to give a knowledge to the people about how the solar bursts are produced, the characteristics of every type of solar burst at the wide range (45 MHz to 870 MHz) but also the effect of the solar burst toward the Earth. By using the same CALLISTO spectrometer within the 45-870 MHz, designing and leading by Christian Monstein from ETH Zurich, Switzerland, this research project is the one of successful project under ISWI program. Malaysia becomes the 19th countries that involve this research. One of the advantages to start the solar monitoring in Malaysia is because our strategic location as equator country that makes possible to observing a Sun for 12 hours daily throughout a year. We strongly believe that Malaysia as one of contributor of solar activity data through E-CALLISTO network. This is a very good start for developing a radio astronomy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Complex processing of signals of integrated unmanned aerial vehicles surveillance system with the use of target designation

Radiotekhnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
V.М. Kartashov ◽  
V.M. Oleinikov ◽  
V.I. Leonidov ◽  
V.V. Voronin ◽  
A.I. Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Designation ◽  
The Impact

One of the urgent scientific and technical problems of our time is the development of methods and means of protecting various objects against the impact of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which carry a significant potential threat to various areas of human activity – military, economic and everyday life. Significant technical capabilities, a wide range and relatively low cost of UAVs, combined with the difficulties of their observation and control, are the main features of this problem. Currently, radar, acoustic, optical and infrared methods with the appropriate facilities are widely used to detect and observe unmanned aerial vehicles. The article discusses the information capabilities of each of the methods and tools that are a part of an integrated system for detecting, measuring coordinates and parameters of UAV motion. It is shown that the radar method has the best search capabilities, while optical, infrared and acoustic methods are inferior to it. An algorithm for sequential connection of information resources available in an integrated system is discussed, taking into account the availability of search capabilities of the relevant means. New effective methods of complex processing of multimodal signals and images in a complex integrated surveillance system for unmanned aerial vehicles, built taking into account the natural spatial separation of various information channels and using target designation, have been synthesized. The features of combining multimodal information with the use of neural network technologies when using target designations in an integrated system are shown.

scholarly journals Optimization of road speed-sectioning by assessing the impact of a road speed limitation sign

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Vandanjon ◽  
Alex Coiret ◽  
Emir Deljanin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimization Loop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progressive Optimization

Energy consumed by road vehicles has a high impact on climate changes; indeed this energy use accounts for 23% of total energy-related Green House Gases (GHG) emissions of 2014 global GHG emissions. GHG emissions are growing constantly year after year, in spite of global objectives (COP) and researches on vehicle efficiency and modal shift. The contribution of the infrastructure to lower this energy is less studied, since it is often seen as immuable or too costly. This paper aims to demonstrate that simple and low-cost solutions exist for that purpose. Particularly a methodology has been developed, based on an optimization of the speed layout over an itinerary in order to improve the eco- driving potential of a given road infrastructure. The key point of this work is that inconsistency often exists between vehicle dynamics, road longitudinal profile and changes in regulation speeds. These changes in speed are defining the speed- sectioning of a route, and an optimization of this speed-sectioning can be easily carried out while displacing or modifying speed signs. The objective of this study is to build an optimized speed sectioning which minimizes the fuel consumption for realistic traffic and various driver behaviors, while maintaining the required safety levels. A progressive optimization loop has been worked out with a Python script including an embedded microscopic road traffic simulator. As a result, an optimized speed-sectioning is leading to a gain of 227 ml for 60 minutes of simulated flow of 100 veh/h/lane, for a modification of a single speed changing point. The overall benefits are reduced energy consumption, air pollution and noise which otherwise would have been produced by braking. This work brings an effective optimization tool for road managers and its practical application is passive and inexpensive. This methodology is suitable for rural and urbanized territories and easily adaptable to any type of traffic in various countries. In perspectives, the optimization process could be extended to a full road route and to a wide range of different speed-sectioning layouts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document