Review of A23.3-94 simplified method of shear design and comparison with results using shear friction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Loov
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Failure Plane ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Shear Design ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Shear Friction ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Approximate Equations

A review of the so-called simplified method of shear design described in CSA A23.3-94 "Design of concrete structures" shows that the method is not simple. The designer is required to check numerous equations and limits. The resulting relation between stirrup spacing and shear strength is found to be an extremely complex line resulting from the intersection of seven separate surfaces. A shear friction model has been developed which seems to predict the shear strength of beams rather well. Stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement provide a clamping force thereby increasing the friction force which can be transferred across a crack along a potential failure plane. This model is based on the shear strength after cracking so that no diagonal tension strength is included. The shear friction model has been used as the basis for determining approximate equations for maximum stirrup spacing. A comparison of these approximate shear friction predictions with those using the simplified method indicates a high degree of correlation but many important differences. It seems that shear design can be clarified as well as simplified by adoption of the shear friction approach.Key words: reinforced concrete, shear, shear friction, shear tests, stirrup spacing.

scholarly journals Analytical Model of Two-Directional Cracking Shear-Friction Membrane for Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Mitchell ◽  
Bum-Yean Cho ◽  
Yoo-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Shear Friction ◽  
Load Vector

There are a multitude of existing material models for the finite element analysis of cracked reinforced concrete that provide reduced shear stiffness but do not limit shear strength. In addition, typical models are not based on the actual physical behavior of shear transfer across cracks by shear friction recognized in the ACI 318 Building Code. A shear-friction model was recently proposed that was able to capture the recognized cracked concrete behavior by limiting shear strength as a yielding function in the reinforcement across the crack. However, the proposed model was formulated only for the specific case of one-directional cracking parallel to the applied shear force. This study proposed and generalized an orthogonal-cracking shear-friction model for finite element use. This was necessary for handling the analysis of complex structures and nonproportional loading cases present in real design and testing situations. This generalized model was formulated as a total strain-based model using the approximation that crack strains are equal to total strains, using the proportional load vector, constant vertical load, and modified Newton–Raphson method to improve the model’s overall accuracy.

Punch-shear tests and size effects for evaluating the shear strength of machinable ceramics

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwang Bao ◽  
Haibin Zhang ◽  
Yanchun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Shear Tests

MEEHANITE HR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract MEEHANITE HR is a strong and dense heat resisting material of high rigidity. It is recommended for use up to a temperature of 1450 F. This type of Meehanite metal offers a high degree of resistance to growth and scaling. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: CI-21. Producer or source: Meehanite Metal Corporation.

scholarly journals The Shear Strength Characteristics of Frozen Coarse Granular Debris

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (106) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Nickling ◽  
L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Polycrystalline Ice ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ice Content

AbstractThe effect of ice content and normal load on the shear strength characteristics of a frozen coarse granular debris was investigated. 31 shear tests were carried out in a modified shearbox allowing a sample temperature of (–1.0 ± 0.2)° C and a load rate of 9.63 × 10−4 cm/min. The tests showed that as the ice content of the frozen debris was increased from 0% (under-saturated) to 25% (saturated), sample shear strength was markedly increased. In contrast, sample shear strength was reduced as ice content was increased from 25% (saturated) to 100% (supersaturated). The changes in shear strength with increasing ice content were attributed directly to changes in internal friction and the cohesive effects of the pore ice. The shear tests also indicate that shear strength increases with increasing normal load up to a critical limit. Above this limit, dilatancy is suppressed causing the shear strength to decrease or remain relatively constant with increased normal load.The stress-strain curves of the 31 tests indicated that samples with higher ice contents tended to reach peak strength (τP) with less displacement during shear. Moreover, the difference between τp and τr (residual strength) was lowest for pure polycrystalline ice and highest for ice-saturated samples. The Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes displayed very distinctive parabolic curvilinearity. The degree of curvature is thought to be a function of ice creep at low normal loads and particle fracture and crushing at high normal loads.

On Slip Inception and Static Friction for Smooth Dry Contact

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Failure ◽  
Bonding Failure ◽  
Dry Contact

Slip inception mechanism is very important for modeling of static friction and understanding of some experimental observations of friction. In this work, slip inception was treated as a local competence of interfacial bonding failure and weaker material failure. At any contacting point, if bond shear strength is weaker than softer material shear strength, slip inception is governed by interfacial bonding failure. Otherwise, it is governed by softer material failure. Considering the possible co-existence of these two slip inception mechanisms during presliding, a hybrid static friction model for smooth dry contact was proposed, which indicates that the static friction consists of two components: one contributed by contact area where bonding failure is dominant and the other contributed by contact area where material failure is dominant. With the proposed static friction model, the effects of contact pressure, the material properties, and the contact geometry on static friction were discussed.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on a Composite Bonding Structure for Steel Bridge Deck Pavements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Zheng ◽  
Qi Ren ◽  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Xiaoming Song
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Strength Tests

As one of the major contributors to the early failures of steel bridge deck pavements, the bonding between steel and asphalt overlay has long been a troublesome issue. In this paper, a novel composite bonding structure was introduced consisting of epoxy resin micaceous iron oxide (EMIO) primer, solvent-free epoxy resin waterproof layer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot melt pellets. A series of strength tests were performed to study its mechanical properties, including pull-off strength tests, dumbbell tensile tests, lap shear tests, direct tension tests, and 45°-inclined shear tests. The results suggested that the bonding structure exhibited fair bonding strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. Anisotropic behaviour was also observed at high temperatures. For epoxy resin waterproof layer, the loss of bonding strength, tensile strength, and shear strength at 60°C was 70%, 35%, and 39%, respectively. Subsequent pavement performance-oriented tests included five-point bending tests and accelerated wheel tracking tests. The impacts of bonding on fatigue resistance and rutting propagation were studied. It was found that the proposed bonding structure could provide a durable and well-bonded interface and was thus beneficial to prolong the fatigue lives of asphalt overlay. The choice of bonding materials was found irrelevant to the ultimate rutting depth of pavements. But the bonding combination of epoxy resin waterproof and EVA pellets could delay the early-stage rutting propagation.

Numerical Simulation of Interface Softening for Large Size Direct Shear Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3230-3235
Author(s):  
Zhao Yun Xiao ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yan Sheng Deng ◽  
Fan Tu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Direct Shear Test ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Softening Behavior ◽  
Large Size

The interface of non-woven geotextile and HDPE geomembrane based on direct shear test has an obvious softening behavior. This paper adopts displacement-softening model that proposed by Esterhuizen and conducts secondary development by using ABAQUS and its embedded FRIC subroutine, making further efforts to conduct numerical simulation of interface of non-woven geotextile and HDPE geomembrane based on large-size direct shear tests. Results show that the developed interface friction model can simulate the characteristics of interface softening of certain materials better, thus providing a method when study the interface softening characteristic of materials.

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