A MINIMAL SYNTHETIC MEDIUM SUPPORTING GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Nutritional requirements of a Micrococcus species (M. freudenreichii, A.T.C.C. No. 407) were studied. The organism required glutamic acid, thiamine, biotin, magnesium, iron, and potassium for growth. Cells from such a synthetic medium were shown to contain methionine indicating that inorganic sulphur was used. Glutamic acid could not be replaced with glutamine (unheated), aspartic acid, asparagine, nor ammonium salts. The relationship of nutritional requirements of micrococci and staphylococci to classification is discussed.

The Proteins of Hevea Brasiliensis. 1. Analysis of a Product Isolated from Dried Latex

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
G. R. Tristram
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A protein has been isolated from dried Hevea latex and analyzed for amido-nitrogen, tyrosine, tryptophan, cystine, methionine, the basic amino-acids and the dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids were estimated in 4.0 grams of protein, experiments on casein having shown that, under such conditions, approximately 90% of the glutamic acid and aspartic acid was recovered as crystalline derivatives. It was also found possible to estimate arginine and lysine in the filtrate from the calcium salts of the dicarboxylic acids. The protein is, in many respects, similar to the proteins found in leaves of other plants (Table IV). Further work is in progress to investigate the relationship of the isolated protein to the total protein of latex.

A SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF CELL WALLS OF CERTAIN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
K. L. Chung ◽  
Roma Z. Hawirko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

From three species of Lactobacillus and three species of Streptococcus, cultured in a synthetic medium, cell walls were isolated following sonic disintegration and purified by washing. Sera against each species were prepared by injecting three rabbits with cell walls, and three with intact cells. Reciprocal agglutination tests were carried out with unabsorbed and absorbed antisera. More kinds of antibodies were detected with cell-wall antisera than with intact-cell antisera. Many species in the two genera shared common antigens. S. faecalis was the exception. Certain antigens believed to be complex haptens in nature reacted with heterologous antisera. Haemagglutination of tanned erythrocytes sensitized with a particulate cell-wall suspension showed fewer cross reactions than agglutination of intact-cell suspensions.The evidence presented shows the possibility of using antisera against species-specific cell-wall antigens for the identification of these species. The relationship of these species is discussed.

Requirements for growth of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
G. E. Wessman ◽  
Geraldine Wessman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium

The nutritional requirements for culture of Pasteurella ureae in a chemically defined medium were determined. The medium in which the species grew best contained 16 amino acids: L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-threonine were nutritionally essential; L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-tryptophane were markedly stimulatory. The species also required uracil plus two purines, and two vitamins, nicotinamide and pantothenate.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF BACILLUS COAGULANS

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-541
Author(s):  
T. W. Humphreys ◽  
R. N. Costilow
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Additional Requirement ◽  
Casein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

The nutritional requirements of 14 cultures of Bacillus coagulans, which were isolated and identified in this laboratory, and eight other authentic strains of this organism, were studied at 37 °C. Biotin and thiamine were required by all strains in a semisynthetic medium containing enzymatic casein hydrolyzate, glucose, and mineral salts. In addition, one strain required niacin. An additional requirement for folic acid (or PABA) was noted for most strains in a synthetic medium. With few exceptions, the amino acid requirements were non-specific. Glutamic acid appeared essential for a few strains and stimulated others.

REGULATION OF PROTEINASE FORMATION IN A SPECIES OF MICROCOCCUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. McDonald ◽  
Alice K. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Proteinase ◽  
Proteinase Production

Micrococcus sp. ATCC No. 407 (M. freudenreichii) produced relatively large amounts of extracellular proteinase in synthetic medium containing methionine, thiamine, biotin, NH4Cl, NaHCO3, NaCl, MgSO4, and FeSO4, with aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, or glutamine as the carbon source. The organism produced relatively small amounts of proteinase with succinate, malate, fumarate, maltose, maltotriose, or maltotetraose as the carbon source. In synthetic medium containing maltose, any one of several amino acids stimulated growth and proteinase production. The results indicated that the organism is a partial constitutive strain with respect to proteinase production and suggested that proteinase formation is controlled by a form of end-product induction. In the presence of inducer, carbon sources such as succinate or maltose caused suppression of proteinase formation, suggesting control by metabolic repression as well. Because extracellular proteinase formation is induced by amino acids and suppressed by carbon sources such as succinate or maltose, and because the organism can utilize amino acids as carbon sources for growth, it. is suggested that the function of extracellular proteinase in this organism is to ensure a supply of carbon for growth rather than a supply of amino acids for protein synthesis.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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