Use of Biotechnological Methods to Support the Production of New Peach Hybrids

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is among the most demanded fruit crops in the world. Biotechnological methods help to originate new hybrid forms in order to increase the cultivar diversity and create new valuable genotypes. Cross combinations between the cultivars Clyde Wilson, Jerseyglo, Loadel, Summerglo and the promising cultivar ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ have been done. The embryos of these hybrids germinated and formed plantlets after stratification at 4 °C for 45–60 days. The best regeneration rates in the hybrids ‘Loadel’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ (96.30% and 92.59%, respectively) were noted on hormone-free Monnier culture medium supplemented with 400.0 mg L−1 casein hydrolyzate. When the newly formed plantlets had necrosis of the shoot apex or immature roots, nodal shoot segments were used. At the same time, a high regeneration capacity was noted in the hybrids ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘Loadel’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ on B5 culture medium with 0.75 mg L−1 6–benzyl–aminopurine (BAP) + 0.1 mg L−1 indole–3–butyric acid (IBA). After the second subculture, the number of new adventitious shoots was 5.18 ± 0.18 and 4.95 ± 0.18 shoots per explant, respectively. The plants obtained from the hybrid embryos in a soil mixture soil: peat: sand (3:1:1) were adapted. The main morphological and anatomical features of the leaf blades in newly originated peach hybrids have been studied: the thickness of their tissues and the distribution of stomatal apparatus, as well as the physiological parameters of the photosystem II activity in regenerants cultured in vitro and during their in vivo acclimatization. The high capacity to post aseptic adaptation in the obtained hybrids has been shown.

The effect of adding casein hydrolysate as a protein source in the culture of the bacteria paenibacillus polymyxa at wilker office of food and horticultural plants protection (PTPH) Bojonegoro

agencia(Biological Control AgentsBiological Control Agents) are currently widely used for the purpose of controlling pests and diseases or plant-disturbing organisms. One of the biological agents that has many benefits for controlling several types of diseases in both food crops and horticulture is Paenibacillus polymyxa. These bacteria are beneficial in nitrogen fixation, promotion of plant growth, solubilization of soil phosphorus, and production of exopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, antibiotics, and cytokinins. Paenibacillus polymyxa also produces polymyxin antibiotics and it is known that these bacteria contain the hormone gibberellins. Casein hydrolyzate is one of the growth media that can be used for the growth of microorganisms. The media is a complex mixture of 18 amino acids, vitamins, calcium, phosphate, and several microelements which results in their high price. Casein hydrolyzate is known to be more effective for plant tissue culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the amino acid content in casein hydrolyzate could affect the growth ofbacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa. The simple medium used in this study was soybean boiled water. Soybean as an alternative medium for protein sources to substitute beef extract, beef extract and bacto peptone for the growth ofbacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa. Based on TPC calculation with graded dilution in Paenibacillus polymyxa, it was found that there was no difference in the number of bacteria to the addition of casein. This shows that bacteria can grow optimally even though casein hydrolyzate is not given during the growth process.

Casein hydrolyzate for drying-off lactating mammary quarters in cows with chronic mastitis

In this research communication we address the hypothesis that a single intramammary infusion of casein hydrolyzate (CH) would have a similar effect to three intramammary infusions of CH for drying-off quarters with chronic mastitis (CM) during lactation. Sixty cows with CM were selected and randomly distributed into two treatment groups: (a) three intramammary CH infusions (100 mg, 50 ml per infusion, with 24-h intervals) or (b) single intramammary CH infusion (300 mg, 50 ml). Milk samples from the treated and untreated quarters were collected for microbiological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) before and after CH infusions. Milk yield was recorded and a manual pressure index measurement was used to evaluate cessation of lactation. Of the 60 quarters selected, 43 (71.67%) had positive microbiological culture. The quarters treated with three intramammary CH infusions had higher udder pressure index than those treated with single CH infusion. However, the average milk yield and composite SCC of three functional quarters were not different among treatments. Therefore, a single infusion of CH has the potential to be used as an alternative method for drying-off mammary quarters with CM during lactation.

EFFECT OF STRAIN ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS AN1 ON RELEASE OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM WHEY PROTEINS IN IN VITRO SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS

The aim of the study was to study the potential of the proteolytic strain Enterococcus faecalis AN1 to generate inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as well as to determine the effect of subsequent hydrolysis with pepsin and pancreatin in vitro simulated gastrointestinal system on this activity. Analysis of substrate hydrolysis and peptide formation was performed using SDS-PAGE and electrophoresis by RP-HPLC. Casein hydrolyzate with proteases of the strain showed the ability to produce peptides with ACE inhibition activity, which shows the use of these strains in the development of functional dairy products with antihypertensive properties. The studied strain has the potential to produce functional dairy products. Key words: lactic acid bacteria, proteases, caseins, bioactive peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme

Aktivitas Antioksidan Protein Hidrolisat Dari Kasein Susu Kambing Etawa Hasil Hidrolisis Bromelin Dari Daun Nanas Madu

Hydrolyzed proteins are fragments of protein fragments that have certain biological activities. Some of the functions of hydrolyzed proteins that are known are as antibacterial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, opioid, and immunomodulatory. Protein from Etawa goat's milk is one source of protein hydrolyzate. In this research, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolyzate from casein Etawa goat milk was tested. Casein is hydrolyzed with bromelain from honey pineapple leaves. The research steps are: bromelain extraction, casein hydrolysis of Etawa goat milk, antioxidant activity fraction of hydrolyzed protein fractions by DPPH method, and hemolysis test. The results of the study were: (1) the highest degree of hydrolysis in casein hydrolyzate was achieved at 60 minutes incubation time, (2) casein hydrolyzate which had the highest antioxidant activity was incubated for 30 minutes, (3) based on the AAI value, the casein hydrolyzed activity included into the classification of weak antioxidants because AAI <0.5, (4) the results of the hemolysis test show that casein hydrolyzate does not cause hemolysis of red blood cells

Influence of Carbohydrates on Callus Proliferation During Somatic Embryogenesis in Pineapple [Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae) Var. Cayenne Smooth Cultivar CI 16]

The improvement of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Smooth Cayenne) by means of in vitro culture is less studied in Côte d'Ivoire despite the importance of this plant for this country’s economy. Our work consisted in highlighting nature and concentration effects of carbohydrates on the proliferation of calli in pineapple as a prelude to efficient embryogenesis. Callus proliferation was carried out from the base of pineapple vitroplants leaves. Thirty (30) explants were cultured on the tested culture medium. MS medium (micro- and macro elements of Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with vitamin Gamborg B5 was used as base medium to which were added 0.05 mg/L BAP, 3 mg/L picloram, 2 mg/L glycine, 1,000 mg/L glutamine, 100 mg/L casein hydrolyzate and 30 g/L carbohydrate. Sucrose was tested at different concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/L). The results revealed that callus proliferation is strongly influenced (p ˂ 0.0001) by nature and concentration of carbohydrate. Sucrose with the highest dry matter content (61.34 mg) has a higher callogenic potential than the other studied carbohydrates. The concentration of 30 g/L sucrose significantly improved the calli proliferation in pineapple. Galactose and maltose were less favorable to proliferation.