THE METABOLISM OF YEAST SPORULATION: V. STIMULATION AND INHIBITION OF SPORULATION AND GROWTH BY NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Low Concentrations

The effects of a variety of nitrogen compounds, mainly amino acids, on ascus production by S. cerevisiae in sporulation media containing several carbon sources were compared. With acetate, glucose, ethanol, pyruvate, and lactate all the amino acids (0.01 M) and most other nitrogen compounds inhibited sporulation. With dihydroxyacetone fewer nitrogen compounds inhibited and alanine, phenylalanine, glycine, and lysine (especially the latter) increased sporulation, even at low concentrations (0.0001 M). Sporulation in buffer resembled sporulation in dihydroxyacetone in its response to amino acids. For greatest inhibition of sporulation the simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrogen sources was necessary. With dihydroxyacetone as carbon source, glutamic acid increased the average number of spores per ascus, but decreased it with all other carbon sources.No correlation was evident between the effects of the amino acids on sporulation and their value as nitrogen sources for growth or with changes in the oxygen uptake of cells in their presence. Dihydroxyacetone did not support growth when the nitrogen source was ammonium sulphate, but slow growth resulted when ammonium sulphate was replaced by glutamic acid or casein hydrolyzate.A sporulation medium is recommended containing, in water (or buffer) agar, 0.02 M dihydroxyacetone and 0.01 M lysine.

PROTEINASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOCOCCUS LIQUEFACIENS: I. THE EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES, pH, AND INHIBITORS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Leonard N. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Some nutritive aspects of proteinase biosynthesis by non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus liquefaciens, strain 31, were investigated by substituting constituents in a basal medium containing casein, lactose, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and salts. The casein of the medium could be replaced by a mixture of 12 "essential" amino acids (glutamic acid, histidine, valine, serine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, cystine, lysine, tryptophane, and threonine), thus demonstrating that proteinase synthesis can occur in a medium devoid of protein. Proteinase biosynthesis appeared to depend upon an inordinately high concentration of arginine, required a fermentable carbohydrate, and occurred optimally at pH 6.3. Sodium fluoride and iodoacetate did not inhibit the proteinase activity but radically curbed its synthesis.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Synthetic and Agricultural Product on Lysine Production by Alcaligenes aquatilis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
C. B. Nwokolo ◽  
N. N. Uchefuna ◽  
I. A. Ekwealor ◽  
C. T. Ezeh ◽  
C. C. Ezemba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fermentation Period

Production of lysine by Alcaligenes aquatilis from agricultural sub-products (banana and soybean) was compared to glucose and ammonium sulphate as a carbon and nitrogen source. Ammonium sulphate was constant as a nitrogen source when the two carbon sources were investigated and glucose constant as a carbon source when the nitrogen sources were investigated. The production of lysine was examined quantitatively by acidic ninhydrin method. The results showed that banana and soybean improved the maximum lysine yield (1.158 mg/ml and 1.279 mg/ml) for the fermentation period of 96 hrs.

scholarly journals The assessment of influence of different nitrogen compounds and time on germination of Lupinus angustifolius seeds and chemical composition of final products

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka ◽  
Ewa Walachowska ◽  
Anita Zaworska ◽  
Andrzej Frankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The aim of the research was to determine changes in the chemical composition in lupin seeds during seed germination in a solution containing selected nitrogen compounds. Blue lupin seeds of the <em>Neptun cultivar</em> were germinated for 3 or 4 days in darkness, at 24°C in 1% solutions containing the following nitrogen compounds: urea, nitric acid, ammonium sulphate, methionine or yeast extract. The control consisted of seeds germinated in water. The presence of all nitrogen sources has resulted in a poorer growth of the sprouts as compared to seeds germinated in water. There was a significant increase in the true protein content as well as a significant decrease in the content of crude ash and alkaloids in the germinated seeds. The seeds germinated for 4 days had significantly higher total protein content and significantly lower content of nitrogen-free extract compounds and oligosaccharides as compared to the seeds germinated for 3 days. A significant influence of the nitrogen source on the concentration of some amino acids was found. Cystine was found to be absent in seeds germinated in the nitric acid solution, while there occurred a twofold increase in the cystine content and a fivefold increase in the methionine content in seeds germinated in the aqueous solution of methionine and an 50% increase in the cystine concentration was observed in seeds germinated in the yeast extract and ammonium sulphate solution. Methionine and cystine were the limiting amino acids in all the samples, accept of seeds germinated in the methionine solution were it was valine. Aqueous solutions of ammonium sulphate and yeast extract were found to have the most advantageous influence on the chemical composition of lupin germination products.

The autotrophic nutrition of symbiotic marine coelenterates with special reference to hermatypic corals. I. Movement of photosynthetic products between the symbionts

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1050) ◽  
pp. 111-129 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Hermatypic Corals ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Related Compounds

When symbiotic coelenterates, especially hermatypic corals, were incubated in the light in sea water containing NaH 14 CO 3 , small quantities of fixed 14 C were released from the tissues at a steady rate over 4 h. The rate of release was greatly increased in the presence of glycerol, glucose and alanine; the additional 14 C released was in the same substance as that added to the medium. The following related compounds had little or no effect on 14 C release : ethylene glycol, sorbose, fructose, glucosamine, glycine, proline, serine and glutamic acid. Such results have been previously reported in other symbiotic systems, and the substances causing the specific release of fixed 14 C are believed to be those which move from the autotrophic to the heterotrophic symbiont. This belief is supported here by previous observations that glycerol, glucose and alanine are among the most important organic substances released by freshly isolated zooxanthellae. Ammonium chloride increased the amount of fixed 14 C released by corals into alanine media, possibly due to conversion of ammonia to amino acids by zooxanthellae. Appreciable release of 14 C fixed in the dark also occurred into alanine solutions. These results suggest possible roles of zooxanthellae in supplying organic nitrogen compounds to the host cell at night as well as during the day. The involvement of zooxanthellae in ‘recycling’ nitrogen compounds within the association may help to explain the success of corals in seas poor in nutrients. There was substantial utilization of external glycerol and glucose when supplied at either high or low concentrations. Corals may well be able to utilize some of the small amounts of organic matter dissolved in sea water in the natural environment.

THE IN VITRO RELEASE OF AMINO ACIDS BY RUMEN PAPILLAE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Salts Of Organic Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Effective Source

Rumen papillae from cattle were incubated aerobically with combinations of NH4Cl, amino acids and salts of organic acids, the latter including propionate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and glyoxylate. Amino acids in the incubation media were analyzed using a gas-liquid chromatographic technique entailing separation of the isobutyl-N(0)-heptafluorobutyryl esters: glutamine was recovered with glutamate, asparagine with aspartate, and citrulline with ornithine. Rumen papillae incubated with pyruvate or propionate released alanine, but with the latter substrate only glutamate was effective as a nitrogen source. Glycine and glutamate plus glutamine were released in the presence of glyoxylate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively. Serine and aspartate plus asparagine were not quantitatively major products released by rumen papillae. Glutamate was an effective source of nitrogen for the release of alanine and glycine with pyruvate and glyoxylate, respectively, as carbon sources. When rumen papillae were incubated with pyruvate or glyoxylate as the added carbon source, glutamine nitrogen disappeared and was not accounted for by the amino acids measured. With arginine as a substrate, there was a release of ornithine by rumen papillae indicating urea production. The tissues of rumen papillae appear to synthesize amino acids from expected carbon sources with ammonia or glutamate as nitrogen sources and to catabolize glutamine and arginine. The metabolism of amino acids by rumen papillae would contribute to the interchange of nitrogen between the rumen and the host.

scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

Some nutritional aspects of the biology of ericaceous mycorrhizas

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Read ◽  
R. Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Acid Protease ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Low Concentrations

SynopsisSome aspects of the role of the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis in the ecology and physiology of ericaceous plants are described. Mycorrhizal infection leads to enhancement of plant nitrogen content and an experimental analysis of the basis of this effect is reported. In addition to improving the efficiency of ammonium absorption at low concentrations, the mycorrhizal endophyte utilises amino acids, peptides and proteins as nitrogen substrates for growth. These are the predominant nitrogen sources in organic heathland soil. It is suggested that the success of ericaceous plants in such soils may arise through the capacity of the mycorrhizal fungus to provide its host with access to this nutrient resource. A model is described in which absorption of ammonium and amino nitrogen leads to soil acidification, increased acid protease activity and improved vigour of the ericaceous plants.

Nitrogen requirements of the fungal endophytes of Arundina chinensis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
K. K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of two Rhizoctonia fungus endophytes of the orchid Arundina chinensis are reported. Both isolates were capable of using ammonium and organic nitrogen but not nitrate or atmospheric nitrogen. Glutamic acid and urea were the best of the nitrogen sources tested followed by arginine, then asparagine. Proline and methionine were not used. The addition of a mixture of vitamins to the amino acids increased growth of one of the isolates but not the other. Yeast extract supported greatest growth.

scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

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