THE EFFECT OF YEAST EXTRACT AND CASITONE ON THE RESPONSE TO SALT OF THE MICROFLORA OF A HIGHLY SALINE SOIL

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Keller ◽  
Y. Henis
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Soil Extract Agar

Salt-dependent, salt-resistant, and salt-sensitive bacteria were found at depths of 0–50 cm in a hydrohalomorphic soil near the shore of the Red Sea. Highest counts were obtained on soil-extract agar supplemented with 5% sodium chloride, 0.02% yeast extract, and 0.04% Casitone. Most of the bacteria, upon initial isolation, failed to grow on counting media containing 5% or 10% sodium chloride unless yeast extract and Casitone were present. However, all isolates, randomly selected from the counting medium containing 10% sodium chloride and supplemented with yeast extract and Casitone, did not need these supplements when transferred onto a new medium of the same salt concentration.Bacterial counts were significantly affected by the salt concentration of both the diluting solution and the growth media. It was concluded that the addition of yeast extract and Casitone to the growth media resulted in a partial recovery and protection of the cells from damage occurring during the initial dilution and plating procedure.

EFFECT OF SOLUBLE SALTS ON PLANT RESPONSE TO AND ABSORPTION OF PHOSPHORUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
R. A. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Fertilizer experiments indicated that much higher plant response to phosphorus occurred on moderately saline than on non-saline soil. Soil analyses showed that this difference could not be explained by the amount of sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus contained in these two soils.Greenhouse experiments with artificially salinized soil indicated that the uptake of phosphorus by barley plants was related to the salt concentration in the soil. Phosphorus absorption increased with increasing salt concentration, reached a maximum when the saturation soil extract measured approximately 6 millimhos, and then declined with further increases in salt concentration. This relationship was similar for fertilized and unfertilized plants. However, the increase in phosphorus absorption was much greater when phosphorus fertilizer was applied.The same relationship between salt concentration and phosphorus absorption was obtained with increasing NaCl concentration in liquid cultures. Maximum phosphorus absorption by barley occurred when the solution contained between 0.05 and 0.10 molar NaCl This relationship is attributed to the effect of salts on the physiology of the plant rather than the effect of salts on phosphorus solubility.

PLATE COUNTS OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI IN A SALINE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman James
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Red River ◽  
Replica Plating ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Soil Extract Agar

Numbers of bacteria and of fungi in a saline soil were about one-fifth of numbers in a Red River clay soil. Bacterial counts on two soil-extract agar media, one prepared from the saline soil and the other from Red River soil, were the same, and the populations on the two were the same as shown by the replica plating technique. They were larger than counts on sodium albuminate agar or on asparagin–mannitol agar. Likewise, fungal counts on either soil-extract agar, with 0.02% dipotassmm phosphate, 0.1% glucose, and 0.1% peptone, were higher than counts on Waksman's acidified medium, or on Martin's medium, or on Smith and Dawson's medium. Interestingly, fungal counts on a medium with the same three chemicals as the soil-extract media but with the soil extract replaced by water were as high as those on the soil-extract media. Different levels of potassium phosphate were tested in each of the above media. In each medium for bacteria, and in each for fungi, counts varied inversely as the amount of potassium phosphate. The same held true when sodium phosphate was used instead of potassium phosphate in each medium.

scholarly journals Communities of P-solubilizing bacteria, fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in grass pasture and secondary forest of Paraty, RJ - Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson L. Souchie ◽  
Orivaldo J. Saggin-Júnior ◽  
Eliane M.R. Silva ◽  
Eduardo F.C. Campello ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Pasture Area

Communities of P-solubilizing bacteria, fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, were evaluated in two different ecosystems. Samplings taken from two areas of Atlantic forest, in Paraty - RJ, Brazil, one with a secondary forest and the other with a grass pasture were studied. Four growth media: GL (glucose and yeast extract), GES (glucose, soil extract, KNO3, CaCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, FeEDTA and micronutrients solution), GAGES (glucose, soil extract, arabinose, glycerol, CaCl2, MgSO4 and NaCl) and GELP (glucose, soil extract, yeast extract, peptone, CaCl2, MgSO4 and NaCl) were evaluated for the isolation of P-solubilizing microorganisms. The identification of P-solubilizing bacteria was based on 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, while the identification of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was based on morphology. The greatest number of P-solubilizing bacteria was isolated using GL and GELP growth media. The greatest number of P-solubilizing fungi was isolated using GAGES and GES. The bacteria were identified as Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus sp., while the P-solubilizing fungi were identified as Aspergillus sp. Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus etunicatum were the dominant mycorrhizal fungi in the secondary forest and grass pasture area, respectively.

Accuracy and precision of population estimates of Verticillium dahliae on growth media in quantitative soil assays

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Mpofu ◽  
R Hall
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Soil Extract Agar

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a serious pathogen of many plant species. Growth media used to measure population density of V. dahliae in soil were evaluated for high recovery of the pathogen, as well as accuracy and precision of population estimates from naturally and artificially infested sandy loam soil using the soil dilution method. Recovery of V. dahliae from naturally infested field soil was highest on soil pectate Tergitol agar (SPT), soil extract agar + sodium polypectate (SEAP), modified pectate agar (MPA), potato dextrose agar + streptomycin sulphate (PDAS), and Talboys' prune lactose agar (TPA); however, PDAS and TPA were overgrown with contaminating fungi, making enumeration difficult. Use of SPT medium resulted in the most precise population estimate with a standard error (SE) of 12.6% of the mean followed by use of pectate agar (PA) (SE = 14.8%) and SEAP (SE = 19.1%). Ethanol, biotin, and Dox salts enhanced recovery of V. dahliae from naturally infested soil, but combining Dox salts with ethanol and biotin significantly reduced population density. Soil extract had no significant effects on population density. Accuracy of V. dahliae population estimates from sterile artificially inoculated soil was highest on modified soil extract agar (MSEA) (64%) followed by SPT (58%). However, accuracy of V. dahliae population estimates from nonsterile artificially inoculated soil was highest on SPT (36%). Soil extract is not an essential ingredient and biotin may increase recovery of V. dahliae from soil.Key words: Verticillium dahliae, verticillium wilt, population density, recovery, accuracy, precision.

Common Characteristics of the Swiss and Argentine Strains of Clostridium botulinum Type G1

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIM M. SOLOMON ◽  
DONALD A. KAUTTER ◽  
RICHARD K. LYNT
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Activation Reaction ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Soil Extract Agar

Five strains of Clostridium botulinum type G of human origin, from Switzerland, were compared with two strains isolated from soil in Argentina. The Swiss and Argentine strains are the only type G strains isolated to date. Characteristics compared were toxigenicity, sporulation, proteolysis and carbohydrate fermentation. High toxin titers were produced in trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth incubated anaerobically at 30°C for 10 d. Sporulation occurred in three strains incubated anaerobically on soil extract agar at 35°C for 15 d. Different concentrations of soil extract in the medium promoted sporulation of different strains. Toxins of the Swiss and Argentine strains showed identical patterns for trypsin activation, reaction to A-F antitoxin and neutralization by antitoxin prepared from strain 89G. All seven strains showed delayed proteolytic activity but failed to ferment any of the sugars tested.

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

Utilisation of Inorganic Substrates by Alicyclobacillus - Like Strain FP1

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen R. Watling ◽  
David M. Collinson ◽  
Felicity A. Perrot ◽  
Denis W. Shiers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Compound ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Inorganic Substrates ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur Compound

As Alicyclobacillus-like strain FP1 was isolated from copper heap process water (pH 1.5), this research was directed towards its bioleaching attributes, specifically ferrous ion (Fe (II)) and reduced inorganic sulfur compound (RISC) oxidation, and bioleaching of sulfide minerals. Strain FP1 oxidised iron (II) but not tetrathionate or elemental sulfur in growth media containing yeast extract as growth factor. The addition of tetrathionate (2.5 mM) suppressed iron (II) oxidation. Strain FP1 grew on pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pentlandite in BSM-YE medium at 30 °C and pH 1.8 (35 days), enhancing Zn, Co (in cobaltiferous pyrite), Fe and As recovery, but not Cu or Ni, relative to abiotic controls.

scholarly journals Effects of different biomass materials as a salt-isolation layer on water and salt migration in coastal saline soil

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11766
Author(s):  
Mao Yang ◽  
Runya Yang ◽  
Yanni Li ◽  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
Junna Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Salt Accumulation

The aim of this study was to find a material suited for the prevention of evaporative water loss and salt accumulation in coastal saline soils. One-dimensional vertical water infiltration and phreatic evaporation experiments were conducted using a silty loam saline soil. A 3-cm-thick layer of corn straw, biochar, and peat was buried at the soil depth of 20 cm, and a 6-cm-thick layer of peat was also buried at the same soil depth for comparison. The presence of the biochar layer increased the upper soil water content, but its ability to inhibit salt accumulation was poor, leading to a high salt concentration in the surface soil. The 3-cm-thick straw and 6-cm-thick peat layers were most effective to inhibit salt accumulation, which reduced the upper soil salt concentration by 96% and 93%, respectively. However, the straw layer strongly inhibited phreatic evaporation and resulted in low water content in the upper soil layer. Compared with the straw layer, the peat layer increased the upper soil water content. Thus, burying a 6-cm-thick peat layer in the coastal saline soil is the optimal strategy to retain water in the upper soil layer and intercept salt in the deeper soil layer.

DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORO-SUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC ACIDS BY SOIL BACTERIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Aliphatic Acids

Three groups of bacteria capable of decomposing chloro-substituted aliphatic acids were isolated from soil by means of selective media. A group of Pseudomonas-like bacteria (A) decomposed monochloroacetate (and monobromoacetate) readily in media with yeast extract, peptone, or amino acids. They also decomposed α-monochloropropionate with moderate vigor, but had little effect on dichloro-acetate and -propionate, and none on trichloroacetate. A non-sporeforming bacterium of uncertain taxonomic position (B) was able to decompose trichloroacetate in media containing soil extract or vitamin B12, and also in basal medium when associated with vitamin B12-producing strains of Streptomyces. Dichloroacetate was only slightly attacked, and monochloroacetate and α-dichloropropionate not at all. A group of bacteria (C) apparently belonging to Agrobacterium decomposed α-dichloropropionate and dichloroacetate, but was less active towards α-monochloropropionate, and did not attack mono- and tri-chloroacetate. The organisms of groups B and C grew only feebly in ordinary media. The decomposition of monochloroacetate, trichloroacetate, and α-dichloropropionate in soil was accelerated by addition of cell suspensions of groups A, B, and C, respectively. The organisms seemed to be more active in the soil than in vitro.

scholarly journals Effect of Xanthan and Arabic Gums on Foaming Properties of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Seed Protein Isolate

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirino Dawa ◽  
Yufei Hua ◽  
Moses Vernonxious Madalitso Chamba ◽  
Kingsley George Masamba ◽  
Caimeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Pumpkin Seed

<p>Understanding how foaming properties of proteins are affected by factors such as pH, salt concentration and temperature is essential in predicting their performance and utilisation. In this study, the effects of pH and salt concentration were studied on the foaming properties of pumpkin seed protein isolate (PSPI) and PSPI- xanthan (XG)/Arabic (GA) gum blends. The foaming properties of the PSPI-GA/XG blends were also compared with egg white. Foam stability (FS) was significantly affected by pH with PSPI: GA (25:4) and PSPI: XG (25:1) having a significantly higher stability at pH 2 with the lowest foam stability at pH 4. Sodium chloride (0.2-1.0 M) did not significantly affect foaming properties although PSPI: GA (25:4) had the highest FC (89.33 ± 3.24%) and FS (76.83 ± 1.53 min) at 0.2 M sodium chloride concentration. The foaming capacity (FC) of PSPI: GA (25:4) blend (128.00 ± 0.91%) was significantly higher (<em>p </em><em>&lt; </em>0<em>.</em>05) than that of egg white (74.00 ± 1.33%) but its FS was significantly lower. It was further revealed that the FC of egg white (74.00 ± 1.33%) was comparable to the PSPI:XG (25:1) blend (74.00 ± 1.46%) but the FS for egg white (480.00 ± 2.67 min) was significantly higher (<em>p </em><em>&lt; </em>0<em>.</em>05) than the FS (116.21 ± 0.86 min) of PSPI:XG (25:1). The foaming properties of PSPI and PSPI-xanthan (XG)/Arabic (GA) blends were significantly affected by pH. Optimum foaming properties, PSPI:XG (25:1) and PSPI:GA (25:4) were observed at pH 2 and heat treatment temperature of 80 ºC.</p>

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