Growth and macromolecular biosynthesis by Micrococcus sodonensis during the utilization of glucose and lactate

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Blevins ◽  
J. J. Perry ◽  
J. B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Lactate Medium

Micrococcus sodonensis can metabolize glucose to carbon dioxide and water via both the hexose monophosphate shunt and glycolysis but cannot use it as a sole source of carbon and energy. When lactate-grown cells of M. sodonensis are replaced on glucose there is a 50% increase in cell population. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein continues for about 1.5 to 2.0 h before it ceases. Cells replaced in lactate medium under the same conditions double in number in approximately 4 h. Cells replaced in glucose do not synthesize phosphorus-containing compounds as ascertained by inorganic phosphate uptake while lactate-utilizing cells take up phosphate at a significant and continuous rate. The results suggest that the inability to utilize glucose as a sole source of carbon and energy is related to this incapability of M. sodonensis to gain sufficient energy from glucose oxidation. Results with related strains of micrococci suggest this phenomenon may be widespread in this group of microorganisms.

Inorganic phosphate uptake in Trypanosoma cruzi is coupled to K+ cycling and to active Na+ extrusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 1830 (8) ◽  
pp. 4265-4273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Dick ◽  
A.L.A. Dos-Santos ◽  
D. Majerowicz ◽  
L.S. Paes ◽  
N.L. Giarola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Uptake

An Alternate Approach to Military Rations for Optimal Health and Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla-Anne Lenferna De La Motte ◽  
Grant Schofield ◽  
Helen Kilding ◽  
Caryn Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Introduction Operational ration packs are the sole source of nutrition when military personnel cannot access fresh food and field kitchens due to deployment and training in remote and hostile locations. They should be light, durable, nutrient rich, and contain sufficient energy to ensure that the personnel can carry out the expected duties. The macronutrient composition of rations has remained relatively unchanged despite escalating concerns related to the health and operational readiness of personnel globally. Currently, the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) provides the personnel with a 24-hour ration pack. The aims of this study were to (1) analyse the nutrient content, cost, and weight of the NZDF-supplied ration pack and (2) develop and analyse an alternate ration pack. The alternate ration pack was designed with the intention of improving overall quality and macronutrient distribution ratio, to align with optimal health and performance outcomes. Materials and Methods Nutrient and weight analyses of the NZDF and alternate ration packs were conducted using nutrition analysis software Foodworks V. 10 (Xyris software). The ration packs were costed using information from the NZDF and from commercial online shopping websites (particularly Countdown supermarket and an online shop, iHerb). Data from nutrition panels were entered into Foodworks V. 10 (Xyris software). The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Results The NZDF-supplied ration pack cost 37.00 NZD and contained an excessive amount of sugar (636 g or 46% total energy) and marginally insufficient protein (118.7 g or 9% total energy) to sustain physically active military personnel. Comparatively, the alternate ration pack was more costly (63.55 NZD) and contained significantly less sugar (74.6 g or 7.2% total energy) and exceeded protein (263.1 g or 26% total energy) requirements for physically active military personnel. Furthermore, the alternate ration pack was significantly lighter (0.71 kg) than the NZDF ration pack (1.4 kg). In summary, the alternate ration was nutritionally superior and lighter when compared to the currently supplied NZDF ration, but more expensive when purchased as a one-off. Conclusions This work highlights the shortcomings of currently supplied military rations packs (i.e., excessive sugar and marginally inadequate protein) and proposes a novel alternate approach to ration pack formulation. This approach would significantly reduce sugar and increase protein and fat content in military rations. Although this work indicates that the alternate approach (which would produce lighter and nutritionally superior rations) is more costly, this cost could be reduced significantly through bulk purchasing and purpose-built rations and food items. Considering these findings, field user-testing of the alternate ration pack is recommended and subsequent reformulation of guidelines for ration pack development, as appropriate.

The Kinetics of Inorganic Phosphate Uptake and Utilization by Chick Heart Mitochondria

1988 ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Peter P. Toth ◽  
Britton Chance ◽  
John E. Sell ◽  
John F. Holland ◽  
Shelagh Ferguson-Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Kinetics Of

STEADY STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE HYPOTHYROID DIABETIC RAT: A ROLE FOR THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2in the hypothyroid diabetic rat was maintained for extended periods of time following a single intraperitoneal injection of glucose-1-C14or glucose-6-C14. Rates of oxidation of the labelled sugars were measured during the steady state.Glucose oxidation by way of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the hypothyroid diabetic rat paralleled the decrease in expired CO2but glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway was completely suppressed.It is suggested that the observed inhibitory effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway is due to the maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form as the result of goitrogen inhibition of steroid-catalyzed transhydrogenation.The results suggest that steroid concentration may be a critical factor in regulation of glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

scholarly journals Maize defective kernel5 is a bacterial TamB homologue required for chloroplast envelope biogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (8) ◽  
pp. 2638-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Zhang ◽  
Shan Wu ◽  
Susan K. Boehlein ◽  
Donald R. McCarty ◽  
Gaoyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Envelope Membrane ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Plastid Envelope ◽  
Membrane Envelope ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Biogenesis

Chloroplasts are of prokaryotic origin with a double-membrane envelope separating plastid metabolism from the cytosol. Envelope membrane proteins integrate chloroplasts with the cell, but envelope biogenesis mechanisms remain elusive. We show that maize defective kernel5 (dek5) is critical for envelope biogenesis. Amyloplasts and chloroplasts are larger and reduced in number in dek5 with multiple ultrastructural defects. The DEK5 protein is homologous to rice SSG4, Arabidopsis thaliana EMB2410/TIC236, and Escherichia coli tamB. TamB functions in bacterial outer membrane biogenesis. DEK5 is localized to the envelope with a topology analogous to TamB. Increased levels of soluble sugars in dek5 developing endosperm and elevated osmotic pressure in mutant leaf cells suggest defective intracellular solute transport. Proteomics and antibody-based analyses show dek5 reduces levels of Toc75 and chloroplast envelope transporters. Moreover, dek5 chloroplasts reduce inorganic phosphate uptake with at least an 80% reduction relative to normal chloroplasts. These data suggest that DEK5 functions in plastid envelope biogenesis to enable transport of metabolites and proteins.

The degradation of p-toluenesulfonate by a Pseudomonas

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Focht ◽  
F. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Complete Mineralization

A Pseudomonas isolated from sewage was adapted to use p-toluenesulfonate as the sole source of both carbon and sulfur. Very few of over 30 aromatic compounds tested were used for growth as sole carbon sources. Significantly, sulfobenzoate, phenolsulfonates, and isomers of cresolsulfonates did not support growth. Respirometry studies with washed, resting cells showed similar results. In both studies, benzenesulfonate was always used more rapidly than p-toluenesulfonate. The degradation of p-toluenesulfonate was shown to be over 90% of the theoretical value required for complete mineralization to carbon dioxide, water, and sulfate. When resting cells were incubated with 35S-p-toluenesulfonate, the ratio of oxygen uptake to 35S-sulfate liberation remained constant during the complete degradation period. Radiochromatographic analysis showed no 35S-aromatic intermediates in resting-cell supernatants at any time. Resting cells previously incubated with 35S-p-toluenesulfonate liberated two 35S-labeled aromatic intermediates upon disruption. Resting cells incubated with 1-14C-p-toluenesulfonate produced labeled 3-methylcatechol, labeled acetate, and unlabeled pyruvate. The labeled intermediate, 3-methylcatechol, was degraded by cell-free extracts to labeled acetate. Hydroxylation, desulfonation, ring cleavage, and subsequent fissions of the carbon chain occurred in that order; all steps but the first were catalyzed by cell-free extracts.

Incorporation of Inorganic Phosphate into Sugar Phosphates during Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Illuminated Chloroplasts

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 210 (5038) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BALDRY ◽  
C. BUCKE ◽  
D. A. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fixation ◽  
Sugar Phosphates

Metabolic activities of sheep erythrocytes. I. Glycolytic activities

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Leng ◽  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Sheep erythrocytes, which in most animals are impermeable to glucose, show low glycolytic activities relative to human cells. When 14C-labelled glucose was incubated with erythrocyte suspensions the oxygen uptake was 10.9 ± 1.8 µl/hr/ml of cells (5 replications), and glucose oxidation (measured by recovery of [14C]carbon dioxide) was 0.03 ± 0.007 µmole/hr/ml (5). Addition of methylene blue (0.4 µmole/ ml) increased oxygen uptake to 56 ± 3.5 µl/hr/ml (5) and glucose oxidation to 0.36 ± 0.02 µmole/hr/ml. Lactic acid production was increased from 1 .5 ± 0.06 µmole/hr/ml (7) to 1.7 ± 0.11 µmole/hr/ml (7) in the presence of methylene blue. Comparison of the yields of [14C]carbon dioxide from [1-14C]glucose and uniformly labelled [14C]glucose indicated that when stimulated by methylene blue 80–100% of glycolysis proceeded by the pentose phosphate pathway, but in the unstimulated system the alternative aerobic pathway accounted for only about 15% of total glycolysis.

Carbon dioxide laser energy disperses human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid onto treatment fields

1990 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ferenczy ◽  
Christine Bergeron ◽  
Ralph M. Richart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Laser Energy

RESPIRATION AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN NORMAL AND TUMOR TISSUES OF RED BEET ROOTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Scott ◽  
R. M. Smillie ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Acid Labile

A comparative analytical study has been made of normal and tumor tissues of red beet roots. Per μg DNA, the two tissues had similar cell numbers, protein contents, and respiratory rates. On the other hand, the fresh and dry weights, acid-soluble phosphorus including nucleotides, acid-labile phosphorus, and inorganic phosphate were higher in the normal tissues. Tumor tissues contained more RNA. These results are discussed in relation to the cellular metabolism of the normal and tumor tissues and it is suggested that the main metabolic differences between these tissues lie in the utilization of respiratory energy, rather than in its production.

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