The ultrastructures of autotrophically and heterotrophically grown Thiobacillus novellas

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Van Caeseele ◽  
H. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Grown Cell ◽  
Two Envelopes

Studies of heterotrophically and autotrophically grown Thiobacillus novellas (A.T.C.C. 8093) showed several differences in cell structure. The envelope of the heterotrophically grown cell appeared as a homogeneous three-layered structure. The envelope of the autotrophically grown cell under the same fixing and staining procedure also appeared as a three-layered structure; however, differences were evident in the outermost layer of the two envelopes. Chemical analysis and specific staining procedures suggested that globules present in the heterotrophic cells were made up of polysaccharide.

DIMORPHIC NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS IN THE FROG RANA BLAIRI

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar G. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Rana Blairi ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver ◽  
Secondary Constrictions ◽  
Unequal Length

The nucleolar organizer-specific staining procedure, ammoniacal silver (Ag-AS), has been used to study the distribution and size of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in chromosomes of the frog Rana blairi (Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown and Brown). The somatic metaphase karyotype of this frog is similar to that of other frogs of the Rana pipiens species complex, numerically (2n = 26) and morphologically. Secondary constrictions are detectable in untreated Giemsa-stained metaphase preparations as achromatic gaps in the long arms of a pair of submetacentric chromosomes (no. 10). These constrictions are the only regions which are deeply stained with the Ag-AS method and are thus identified as the nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs). In each of the three individuals, the Ag-NORs as visualized on the homologues are of unequal length.

Interspecific cell markers and cell lineage in birds

1985 ◽  
Vol 312 (1153) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Class Ii Mhc Antigens

A cell marking technique based on the structural differences existing between the interphase nucleus in two closely related species of birds, the chick and the Japanese quail, is described. In all embryonic and adult cell types of the quail, a large mass of heterochromatin is associated with the nucleolus making quail and chick cells easy to identify at the single cell level after application of any DNA-specific staining procedure and also at the electron microscope level. This method has been largely used to construct chimeras in ovo and to study dynamic processes such as cell migrations or cell lineage segregation during ontogeny. Recently monoclonal antibodies specific for either quail or chick antigenic determinants (for example, class II MHC antigens) have been prepared, increasing the interest of the quail-chick chimera system as an experimental model.

Only low levels of spermadhesin AWN are detectable on the surface of live ejaculated boar spermatozoa

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Petrunkina ◽  
R. A. P. Harrison ◽  
E. Töpfer-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Preimmune Serum ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Alexa Fluor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa ◽  
Sperm Population

The zona-binding protein family of spermadhesins are constituents of boar seminal plasma that are generally believed to attach to the acrosomal region of spermatozoa and thereby assist sperm interaction with the zona pellucida at fertilization. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting results with respect to amounts of adhesin bound to ejaculated cells, to the distribution of bound adhesin within the sperm population, and the regionalization of binding on the sperm surface. In the present study, spermadhesin AWN in unfixed living suspensions of boar spermatozoa was assessed by means of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody raised in chicken. Direct probing with an Oregon Green conjugate of the antibody was compared with indirect probing using Alexa Fluor-conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG as second antibody. Regardless of staining procedure, the live sub-population showed homogeneously low levels of staining, whereas the dead sub-population showed high (more than 5-fold greater) levels of staining. The live cells were stained about 2-fold more intensely by anti-AWN than by preimmune immunoglobulin, indicating the presence of small amounts of AWN. Immunocytochemistry showed the live cells to be faintly stained all over their surface, whereas staining of the dead cells was largely localized to the acrosomal region. This latter staining was non-specific, preimmune immmunoglobulin resulting in as much bound fluorescence as anti-AWN. Attempts to block non-specific staining with appropriate pretreatment with chicken or goat serum (as compared with routine use of BSA) met with variable and incomplete success, and did not increase staining by anti-AWN relative to preimmune serum in either live or dead cells. It is concluded that limited amounts of spermadhesin AWN bind tightly over the whole surface of live ejaculated boar sperm. However, the acrosomal region of disrupted sperm has an alarming tendency to bind fluoro-conjugates of immunoglobulins non-specifically.

Subsurface Microstructure Induced by Sliding Wear in a Copper Single Crystal

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 2407-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ohno ◽  
J. Inotani ◽  
Yoshihisa Kaneko ◽  
Satoshi Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dislocation Cell ◽  
Copper Single Crystal ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dislocation Cell Structure ◽  
Fine Grained Structure

A sliding wear test was conducted in a copper single crystal having (001) surface. Microstructures induced by the sliding wear were investigated by means of the electron channelling contrast (ECC) imaging and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The microstructures below the worn surface consisted of the stack of dislocation cell structure, layered structure and equiaxed fine-grained structure. At the dislocation cell structure, there was no significant change in crystallographic orientation. On the other hand, the crystal at the layered structure rotated continuously around the axis which was perpendicular to sliding wear direction. In the fine-grained structure, preferential orientations no longer existed. The authors attempted to explain grain boundary formation in terms of a rotation angle gradient which is proportional to density of geometrically-necessary dislocations.

A p-nitrophenyl α-galactoside hydrolase from Pseudomonas atlantica. Localization of the enzyme

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Day ◽  
M. Gomersall ◽  
W. Yaphe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Track Membranes ◽  
Double Track

A p-nitrophenyl α-galactoside hydrolase is partially released when whole cells of Pseudomonas atlantica are converted to spheroplasts. The p-nitrophenyl α-glactoside hydrolase is completely inactivated by treatment of whole cells with diazonaphthalene – disulfonic acid (NDS), a reagent which does not penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane. Under the conditions used no inactivation of lactic acid dehydrogenase was observed. A specific staining procedure for this enzyme for use in electron microscopy was developed. The results with this technique in conjunction with the results of spheroplasting and NDS localization suggest that p-nitrophenyl α-galactoside hydrolase is located in or on the double-track membranes, primarily on the outer double track.

scholarly journals A novel approach to study of the structural basis of enzyme polymorphism. Analysis of carboxylesterase B of Escherichia coli as model

1987 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Picard ◽  
P Goullet ◽  
R Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Original Approach

In order to understand the structural basis of charge differences among enzyme variants without undertaking purification and sequencing of the protein, an original approach was developed. The approach is applicable to any enzyme or protein provided that there is a specific staining procedure. This consists, as a first step, in the projection of electrophoretically obtained mobility values versus pI of all variants into a two-dimensional profile. In a second step, starting from the most common variant, various theoretical possibilities of substitutions are envisaged, taking into consideration the pH of the electrophoretic conditions, pI of the variants and range of variations of the pK values of several amino acid side chains. In a third step, verification of the theoretical data is obtained through comparative protein titration curves by combined isoelectrofocusing-electrophoresis of several pairs of relevant variants. The validity of this approach is tested on the highly polymorphic carboxylesterase B enzyme of Escherichia coli and is found to provide valuable information.

scholarly journals Classification of target tissues of Eisenia fetida using sequential multimodal chemical analysis and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Ritschar ◽  
Elisabeth Schirmer ◽  
Benedikt Hufnagl ◽  
Martin G. J. Löder ◽  
Andreas Römpp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Lipid Species

AbstractAcquiring comprehensive knowledge about the uptake of pollutants, impact on tissue integrity and the effects at the molecular level in organisms is of increasing interest due to the environmental exposure to numerous contaminants. The analysis of tissues can be performed by histological examination, which is still time-consuming and restricted to target-specific staining methods. The histological approaches can be complemented with chemical imaging analysis. Chemical imaging of tissue sections is typically performed using a single imaging approach. However, for toxicological testing of environmental pollutants, a multimodal approach combined with improved data acquisition and evaluation is desirable, since it may allow for more rapid tissue characterization and give further information on ecotoxicological effects at the tissue level. Therefore, using the soil model organism Eisenia fetida as a model, we developed a sequential workflow combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for chemical analysis of the same tissue sections. Data analysis of the FTIR spectra via random decision forest (RDF) classification enabled the rapid identification of target tissues (e.g., digestive tissue), which are relevant from an ecotoxicological point of view. MALDI imaging analysis provided specific lipid species which are sensitive to metabolic changes and environmental stressors. Taken together, our approach provides a fast and reproducible workflow for label-free histochemical tissue analyses in E. fetida, which can be applied to other model organisms as well.

Identification of Supernatant and Mitochondrial Isozymes of Malate Dehydrogenase on Electropherograms Applied to the Taxonomic Discrimination of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), Sauger (S. canadense), and Suspected Interspecific Hybrid Fishes

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
R. E. K. Harris ◽  
D. N. Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Dye Reduction

Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and sauger (S. canadense) commonly yield four isozymes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in electropherograms of white muscle extracts from individual homozygous fish. The heat stability of each isozyme as well as reactivity with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD analogues have been investigated by measuring the density of each isozyme directly on the electropherograms, after the usual specific staining procedure that links malate oxidation to tetrazolium dye reduction. At least two kinds of supernatant and one kind of mitochondrial MDH in individual fish of each species was demonstrated.Relative abundance of the various isozymes varies with the tissue of origin. In liver, only one heat stable isozyme is observed in both species, and it is likely constituted mainly of supernatant MDH. In heart tissue four isozymes are observed and the liver supernatant form also predominates. In white muscle the two kinds of supernatant MDH appear to be synthesized in comparable amounts and, including the mitochondrial MDH, four isozymes of nearly equivalent catalytic activity are produced. In walleye the three kinds of MDH homozygotes all showed similar enzymatic properties of their corresponding isozymes.In contrast to the polymorphic nature of walleye MDH isozymes the closely related sauger are monomorphic for MDH, and a number of analogous isozymes have identical electrophoretic mobility in the two species. More significantly, the major mitochondrial MDH isozymes have different mobility in each species. This fact is suggested as a taxonomic criterion to distinguish the two species. Some very rare fishes, evidently interspecific hybrids, produced three mitochondrial MDH isozymes. It was also possible to hybridize walleye and sauger MDH isozymes in vitro to produce phenotypes indistinguishable from presumed wild hybrid fishes.

The Hydrothermal Synthesis of KzMnO2 in the Presence of Citric Acid

1998 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Sharma ◽  
Gregory J. Moore ◽  
M. Stanley Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impedance Data ◽  
Li Batteries

ABSTRACTKxMnO2 exhibits a layered structure that provides attractive properties as a cathode material for secondary Li batteries. Therefore, in the present study, our attention was paid to the hydrothermal preparation of highly homogenous KxMnO2 in presence of citric acid. Out X-ray diffraction and SEM studies indicated that the final product markedly change the phase and morphology on vary the concentration of citric acid. The prepared products have also studied with the help of TGA and DTA. EDS and DCP made the chemical analysis of the compounds. The impedance data of the materials were explained in terms of the compounds formed.

scholarly journals Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content for ploidy determination in human solid tumors.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Barlogie ◽  
W Göhde ◽  
B Drewinko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Human Granulocytes ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
Repeat Examination ◽  
Cellular Dna

Flow cytometric studies of cellular DNA content were conducted in 26 patients with a variety of neoplasms. Cell dispersal was achieved with pepsin treatment, and a combination of ethidium bromide and mithramycin was used as DNA specific staining procedure. All measurements were conducted with a new sheath flow chamber in a PHYWE ICP 11 pulse cytophotometer. All but one patient with multiple myeloma had unimodal tumor cell DNA distributions. With human granulocytes as reference standard, 24 of 26 tumors were aneuploid; and of these, 23 showed varying degrees of hyperdiploidy. Except for one patient, ploidy abnormalities were stable on repeat examination.

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