Effects of interactions between different culture fractions of 'phosphobacteria' and Rhizobium on mycorrhizal infection, growth, and nodulation of Medicago sativa

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Azcón-G. de Aguilar ◽  
J. M. Barea
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Positive Effect

Interactions between cell-free culture supernatants, cells, and the whole cultures of Rhizobium and phosphobacteria with endomycorrhizal fungi and their effects on growth and nutrition of Medicago sativa grown in a low-phosphate soil were studied. A satisfactory nodulation was greatly dependent on the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Cell-free supernatants of Rhizobium and phosphobacteria improved plant growth, nodulation, and mycorrhiza formation. The activity of phosphobacteria culture seemed to be due mainly to the supernatant and the possibility of plant hormones contained in this culture fraction being involved in such interactions is discussed. An increase of the overall pool of soluble P in soil by the inoculated phosphobacteria cells was not found in the conditions of this experiment. It was noteworthy that the best positive effect was achieved by the treatment which consisted of the whole cultures of Rhizobium, phosphobacteria, and the mycorrhizal fungi applied all together.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON ALFALFA RESISTANCE AGAINST POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS AND ARSENICUM

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Zh.Z. Guralchuk ◽  
C. Del Val ◽  
J.M. Barea ◽  
C. Azcon-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Positive Effect

The influence of the mycorrhizal infection by G. mosseae (Nicol. et Gerd.) Gerd et Trappe on the growth of Medicago sativa L. plants under different level of soil pollution with heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu) and arsenicum was studied. It was established the strongly increase of the growth and shoot biomass of mycorrhizal plants. The positive effect of mycorrhization on the growth of alfalfa plants was greater in the soils with the higher level of soil pollution with heavy metals and arsenicum.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
En Wu ◽  
Guo Rong Xin ◽  
Kazuo Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

Seasonal variation in infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to plant response to applied phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bolan ◽  
LK Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The effect of applied phosphorus on the growth of subterranean clover was studied in a virgin forest soil sample collected in summer and again in spring. The soil sample was used soon after it was collected. The shape of the response curve for plant growth differed greatly in the two experiments. This may be related to the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in plants grown in the soil sample collected in summer and its absence in the soil sample collected in spring.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza influence on maize development under Cd stress and P supply

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. L. de Andrade ◽  
Adriana P. D. da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
P Supply

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and on the possible attenuation of Cd stress was studied in maize plants (Zea mays L. var. Exceller). Plants inoculated or not with Glomus macrocarpum were exposed to Cd (0-20 µmol L-1), at two P levels (5 and 10 mg L-1) in the nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a hydroponic system, using a randomized 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. The mycorrhiza-Cd interaction on plant growth, nutrients and Cd accumulation, AMF root colonization and on extra-radical mycelium was investigated. Mycorrhiza promoted plant growth whereas Cd addition reduced plant biomass production. No difference in plant Cd concentrations was found between mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants, where Cd accumulated mainly in roots. In general, roots showed a slightly higher Cd concentration in the cell wall than in the cytoplasmic fraction, with M roots presenting 26% more Cd in the cell wall fraction than NM roots. Mycorrhizal plants showed higher P/Cd, N/Cd and S/Cd ratios in shoots and roots compared to NM plants. Mycorrhizal colonization and the length of extra-radical mycelium were diminished by Cd addition, the reduction being more pronounced under high-P supply. Addition of Cd induced guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity in roots; however, M plants, in addition to the higher root protein contents, showed no induction of GPOX activity in the presence of Cd, suggesting higher tolerance to Cd. It is concluded that Cd affected mycorrhizal symbiosis by decreasing root colonization and the development of the extra-radical mycelium. Nevertheless, the higher growth and nutrients/Cd ratios observed in M plants indicate an efficient symbiosis capable of alleviating Cd stress.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN ANGGREK ALAM DAN KEBERADAAN MIKORIZA ANGGREK DI DUSUN TURGO PAKEM, SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Lili Sugiyarto ◽  
Siti Umniyatie ◽  
Victoria Henuhili
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keanekaragaman, mikoriza simbion, dan keberadaan mikoriza di akar anggrek alam di Dusun Turgo Pakem Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis anggrek, mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi fungi mikoriza adalah media PDA (potato dextrose agar) yang dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi setiap fungi yang diperoleh. Pengukuran faktor lingkungan abiotik meliputi faktor edafik yaitu kelembaban, pH, suhu tanah, dan mikroklimat yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan intensitas cahaya. Infeksi mikoriza diamati dengan mengamati keberadaan fungi pada jaringan akar. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya 8 spesies anggrek alam yaitu : Zeuxine petakinensis, endrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Beberapa anggrek spesies di hutan tersebut dalam keadaan dorman sehingga tidak dapat diidentifikasi.  Keberadaan mikoriza dari hasil pengamatan mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya akar anggrek spesies yang ditemui berasosiasi simbiose dengan mikoriza yang masing-masing menunjukkan jenis fungi yang berbeda. Fungi yang dapat didentifikasi diantaranya termasuk dalam genus Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis dan TrichodermaKata kunci: spesies anggrek, mikoriza, fungi anggrek Abstract This research aims to identify the diversity of orchids and to find the existence of mycorrrhizal symbiont in wild orchid roots in Turgo village, Pakem Sleman.                 The samples of orchids and orchid roots were done by taking samples in Puspa Forest of Turgo Village, Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. This research were exploration research on existing orchids’ diversity. The methods that have been used to identify the existing orchid species in the forest, isolation, and characterization mycorrhizal fungi is PDA (potato dextrose agar). Measurement of environmental factors for including edhapic factors were humidity, pH, soil temperature, and microclimate factors were air temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. The mycorrhizal infection was done by observing of mycorrhizal fungi existence.            The results of the research are retrieved 8 species of orchids are Zeuxine petakinensis, Dendrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Some orchids in the forest are dormant, therefore it couldn’t be identified. The mycorrhizal symbiosis from microscopic characterization had been known as different on each mychorriza. The mycorrhizal fungi that have been identified were genus of Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma. Keywords: orchid species, mychorrhiza, orchid fungi

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Mitigates Iron (Fe)-Deficiency Retardation in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Through the Enhancement of Fe Accumulation and Sulfur-Assisted Antioxidant Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikur Rahman ◽  
Monika Parvin ◽  
Urmi Das ◽  
Esrat Jahan Ela ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Iron (Fe)-deficiency is one of the major constraints affecting growth, yield and nutritional quality in plants. This study was performed to elucidate how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate Fe-deficiency retardation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). AMF supplementation improved plant biomass, chlorophyll score, Fv/Fm (quantum efficiency of photosystem II), and Pi_ABS (photosynthesis performance index), and reduced cell death, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in alfalfa. Moreover, AMF enhanced ferric chelate reductase activity as well as Fe, Zn, S and P in alfalfa under Fe-deficiency. Although Fe-transporters (MsIRT1 and MsNramp1) did not induce in root but MsFRO1 significantly induced by AMF under Fe deficiency in roots, suggesting that AMF-mediated Fe enhancement is related to the bioavailability of Fe at rhizosphere/root apoplast rather than the upregulation of Fe transporters under Fe deficiency in alfalfa. Several S-transporters (MsSULTR1;1, MsSULTR1;2, MsSULTR1;3, and MsSULTR3;1) markedly increased following AMF supplementation with or without Fe-deficiency alfalfa. Our study further suggests that Fe uptake system is independently influenced by AMF regardless of the S status in alfalfa. However, the increase of S in alfalfa is correlated with the elevation of GR and S-metabolites (glutathione and cysteine) associated with antioxidant defense under Fe deficiency.

Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance plant interception of leached nutrients

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Asghari ◽  
Timothy Richard Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Plant Available P

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant growth and nutrition. However, their capacity to reduce the leaching of nutrients through the soil profile is less well understood. Here we present results of an experiment in which the effects of forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) on plant growth and nutrition, nutrient depletion from soil, and nutrient leaching, were investigated in microcosms containing the grass Phalaris aquatica L. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grown in a mixture of riparian soil and sand under glasshouse conditions. The formation of AM by P. aquatica significantly increased plant growth and nutrient uptake. Lower levels of NO3–, NH4+ and plant available P in both soil and leachate were observed in columns containing mycorrhizal root systems. These differences in nutrient interception were proportionally greater than the increase in root biomass of the mycorrhizal plants, compared with their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Taken together, these data indicate that mycorrhizal root systems have an important, but previously little considered, role to play reducing the net loss of nutrients via leaching.

scholarly journals 314 Growth and Nutrition of Chrysanthemum Microplants Inoculated with Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 446B-446
Author(s):  
Martha Elena Pedraza-Santos ◽  
David Jaen-Contreras ◽  
M. Alejandra Gutièrrez-Espinosa ◽  
Teresa Colinas-Leon ◽  
Cristina Lopez-Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Effects of inoculation with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus mosseae) on acclimatization and growth of chrysanthemum (Dendrathema glandiflora Tzevelev) plants, propagated in vitro, under different conditions of fertilization (0, 20, and 40 mg·L-1 of NPK) were studied. Mycorrhizal colonization did not influence surviving percentage of chrysanthemum plantlets during the acclimatization stage; however, we could colonize the developing roots and reduce the amount of inoculum needed and beneficial effects on plant growth were obtained during early stages of colonizing. Plant growth in greenhouse was regulated by synergism between the effect of endomycorrhizal fungus type and soil fertilization with N, P, and K. Effects of A. scrobiculata were observed as an increasein number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, root volume and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stem and root. The G. mosseae fungus improved N, P, Mg, and Zn content in leaves; P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zinc in stem and Ca content in root. On the other hand, A. scrobiculata only increased N content in leaves, stem and roots; P content in leaves and roots, and Ca content in stem. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization on roots was affected by adding N, P, and K to soil. The highest values were obtained with fertilization doses of 20 mg·L-1. The number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi was increased by adding fertilizer to soil (40 mg·L-1 of NPK).

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