Nitrogen-fixing communities in an intertidal ecosystem

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ben Bohlool ◽  
William J. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mud Flat ◽  
Intertidal Ecosystem ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated with various communities in the intertidal sand and mud flat was measured in situ. Areas which were colonized by algae, plants, and animals generally had significantly higher activities than areas which were visibly uncolonized. The highest activities were measured at sites colonized by a mixed bloom of Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria. These areas occupied only about 1% of the surface of the sediments, yet contributed nearly 50% of the biologically fixed nitrogen. Enteromorpha communities also exhibited relatively high activities. Sites were grouped according to the statistical significance of the mean of their activities: group I: uncolonized sand, mud and gravel flats, Eelgrass (Zostera) communities, and snail (Amphibola) beds, with an estimated contribution of 1 g N ha−1 day−1; group II: Cockel (Chione) beds, 3g N ha−1 day−1; group III: Salicornia, Ulva, Juncus, and Enteromorpha, 10 g N ha−1 day−1; and group IV: Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria association, 200 g N ha−1 day−1. Enteromorpha and Oscillatoria–Euglena–photosynthetic bacteria communities showed significantly lower rates of nitrogen fixation in the dark than in the light.

Effects of cloprostenol and flurogestone acetate sponge on embryo yields and quality in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Zohara ◽  
Azizunnesa ◽  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. G. S. Alam ◽  
F. Y. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

The effects of two doses of cloprostenol and two doses of flurogestone acetate sponge on the onset of oestrus, and embryo recovery and quality were evaluated. Thirty-two indigenous ewes (Wera breed) were allocated into four groups of eight. All ewes were synchronised with 100 µg (Group I) or 175 µg (Group II) cloprostenol injection, 9 days apart, or insertion of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg (Group III) or 45 mg (Group IV) flurogestone acetate (FGA) for 12 days. The ewes were superovulated with 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly 10 days after the second cloprostenol injection or immediately after sponge removal on Day 12. After the detection of oestrus, the ewes were mated naturally at 6 and 12 h, and some ewes were inseminated laparoscopically. Embryos were recovered surgically 5 or 6 days after service. All ewes exhibited oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in FGA-treated (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) than in cloprostenol-treated groups. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean time of onset of oestrus (50.0 ± 1.5 and 48.0 ± 0.00 h) between the two doses of cloprostenol. The mean number of corpora lutea (8.1 ± 1.26) and embryos recovered (6.1 ± 1.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA than in ewes treated with cloprostenol. Embryo recovery rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with 45 mg FGA (75.4%) than in other groups (41.7% and 51.6% in 100 μg and 175 μg cloprostenol- and 52.7% in 30 mg FGA-treated groups, respectively). Fertilisation rate was 93.3% in ewes given 100 µg cloprostenol, whereas other groups showed 100% fertilisation rate. The highest percentage (100%) of Grade 1 embryos was in FGA groups. In conclusion, despite FGA protocol presenting superior results, cloprostenol protocol was equally efficient in synchronising oestrus. The embryo recovery rate was better after 45 mg FGA than 30 mg FGA or after either dose of cloprostenol.

scholarly journals Formulation of Gel from Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis) and Burns Healing Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Noni Rahayu Putri ◽  
Nessa Nessa ◽  
Yoga Ramadhana
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Metal Induction ◽  
Hair Extract

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) contains compounds that play a role in wound healing, such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins. This study aims to formulate a gel from corn hair extract and see its activity in healing burns. The test group was divided into four groups: group I (hot metal induction), group II (without extract ), group III (corn hair extract concentration 5%), and group IV (comparison B®), which metal induction. The parameters observed were % wound healing, epithelialization time, and histopathology. The results of the study on the average% of burns healing rate 7, 14 and 21 days, namely group I (27,92%; 62,42%; 100%), group II (35,39%; 60,16%; 100%), group III (44,05%; 63,69%; 100%) and group IV (32,81%; 66,48%; 100%). The mean time of tissue peeling epithelialization groups I, II, and III was on day 16, and group IV was on day 17. For the histopathological results, the mean score of collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, and epithelialization was respectively group I (2,2; 2,7; 2), group II (2,8; 2,9; 2), group III (3,3; 2,9; 2,7), and Group IV (3,9; 3; 3). The results of the two-way ANOVA statistical test on % burn healing (p> 0.05) and one-way ANOVA at the time of epithelialization (p> 0.05) and the histopathological score (p <0.05) showed that group III (the corn hair extract 5 %) could influence the process of healing burns. Keywords: Burns, Corn Silk Extract (Stigma maydis), % Burn Healing, Epithelialization Time, Histopathology

scholarly journals Diameters of Arteries Supplying Horseshoe Kidneys and the Level They Branch off Their Parental Vessels: A CT-Angiographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Majos ◽  
Agata Majos ◽  
Michał Polguj ◽  
Konrad Szymczyk ◽  
Jakub Chrostowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The most common renal fusion anomaly is horseshoe kidney (HSK), a condition associated with variable arterial blood supply. The aim of this study was to determine whether the height of origin of the renal artery determines its diameter and whether it differs from the mean diameter of the renal arteries of normal kidneys (NK). Methods: Computer tomography angiography (CTA) studies of 336 patients (88 HSK and 248 NK) were obtained in a search of renal arteries; these were than classified into four groups according to height of its origin: Group I, branching from the aorta superior to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA); Group II, branching from the aorta below the IMA; Group III, branching from the iliac artery; and Group IV, originating from the internal and external iliac artery. Results: The HSK group included 398 arteries (mean diameter 4.30 mm) and the NK group 598 (5.52 mm) (p < 0.0001). In the HSK group, the mean diameters according to groups were: Group I, 4.54 mm; Group II, 4.28 mm; Group III, 3.41 mm; and Group IV, 3.43 mm. Statistically significant differences were found between arteries originating from the aorta and arteries branching from the iliac arteries (p < 0.0001). In the NK group, the corresponding values were: Group I, 5.53 mm; and Group II, 4.45 mm. The number of arteries supplying the HSK wider than 3.0 mm were: Group I, 83.0%; Group II, 82.4%; Group III, 68.4%; and Group IV, 66.6%. Conclusions: The renal arteries of the HSK branch from their parental vessels at lower levels and have smaller diameters than those of NK.

scholarly journals Smoking influences on the thickness of marginal gingival epithelium

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cunha Villar ◽  
Antonio Fernando Martorelli de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
Health Situation

Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 mm, stained with H. E., and examined by image analysis software (KS400), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation and the quantification of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial perimeters. Differences between the four groups were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. The criteria for statistical significance were accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers independent of the gingival health situation.

scholarly journals Early morphological and histochemical alterations in rats subjected to ileocystoplasty

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edinaldo Gonçalves de Miranda ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro de Sousa Bizerra ◽  
Daniel Reis Waisberg ◽  
José Carnevale ◽  
José Figueredo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

PURPOSE: To study morphologic and histochemical alterations arising at the ileocystoplasty site. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar female rats were subjected to ileocystoplasty and sacrificed after eight weeks. Material collected was divided into four groups for histological and histochemical studies: Group I (control) - isolated ileum segment removed during ileocystoplasty; Group II - ileoileal anastomosis; Group III - ileovesical anastomosis and Group IV - ileal segment from the neobladder. Histological and histochemical study assessed dysplasia, metaplasia, acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, total mucins, sialomucins and sulfomucins. The non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were employed in statistical analysis. RESULTS: None of the groups presented dysplasia. Acute inflammation and atrophy occurred in Groups II, III and IV, not reaching statistical significance. Metaplasia was significant only in Group III (p=0.012). Chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy were significant in Groups II, III and IV. There was a significant increase in total mucin content in Group IV (p=0.014) and a reduction in Group III (p=0.016). Increases in sialomucins were observed in samples for Groups III (p=0.003) and IV (p=0.002) along with reduced sulfomucins in samples from Groups III (p=0.013) and IV (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Ileocystoplasty in female rats caused squamous metaplasia, chronic inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increase in sialomucin content, reduction in sulfomucins, and alterations in total mucin content with statistical significance, as well acute inflammatory infiltration and muscular atrophy with less intensity.

Environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp. in laying hen farms and associated health risks for farm workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cafarchia ◽  
Antonio Camarda ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Patrizia Danesi ◽  
Vincenza Favuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Airborne Contamination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Group Ii

Data on the occurrence and epidemiology of Aspergillus spp. in laying hens farms are scant. With the aims of determining levels of airborne contamination in laying hen farms and evaluating the potential risk of infection for workers and animals, 57 air samples from 19 sheds (Group I), 69 from faeces (Group II), 19 from poultry feedstuffs (Group III) and 60 from three anatomical sites (i.e. nostrils, pharynx, ears) of 20 farm workers (Group IV) were cultured. The Aspergillus spp. prevalence in samples ranged from 31.6 % (Group III) to 55.5 % (Group IV), whereas the highest conidia concentration was retrieved in Group II (1.2×104 c.f.u. g−1) and in Group III (1.9×103 c.f.u. g−1). The mean concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia was 70 c.f.u. m−3 with Aspergillus fumigatus (27.3 %) being the most frequently detected species, followed by Aspergillus flavus (6.3 %). These Aspergillus spp. were also isolated from human nostrils (40 %) and ears (35 %) (P<0.05) (Group IV). No clinical aspergillosis was diagnosed in hens. The results demonstrate a relationship between the environmental contamination in hen farms and presence of Aspergillus spp. on animals and humans. Even if the concentration of airborne Aspergillus spp. conidia (i.e. 70 c.f.u. m−3) herein detected does not trigger clinical disease in hens, it causes human colonization. Correct management of hen farms is necessary to control environmental contamination by Aspergillus spp., and could lead to a significant reduction of animal and human colonization.

Squamous endometrial neoplasia—are Fluhmann's postulates still relevant?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dalrymple ◽  
P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Anatomical Variants ◽  
Group I ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Group Ii

A review of squamous neoplasia of the endometrium (in situand/or invasive) with or without coexistent similar disease of the cervix, revealed four anatomical variants in 22 patients. The patterns were: Group (i), endometrial squamous neoplasia only; Group (ii), discontiguous endometrial and cervical squamous neoplasia; Group (iii), possibly discontiguous endometrial and squamous neoplasia; and Group (iv), contiguous endometrial and squamous disease. The details of the histology, management and outcome are discussed, the latter being much poorer for the fourth group. The criteria for diagnosing squamous neoplasia involving the endometrium are re-examined and a recommendation for these criteria is suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on Postural tachycardial index in healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3789-3792
Author(s):  
K. Pujitha ◽  
◽  
Arpana Bhide ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasympathetic Function

Introduction: The change in parasympathetic function is generally known physiological changes in aging of man. The present study was intended to evaluate Postural tachycardial index with age. Aim: To measure basal parasympathetic activity by using Postural tachycardial index in younger and elderly and to observe effect of aging on it. Materials and Methods: The subjects selected are 120 in number with age group 35 to >65 years of both sex and they are categorized into 4 groups based on their age. Group- I: The age of 35-45 years; Group-II: The age of 45- 55 years; Group-III: The age of 55-65 Years; Group-IV: The age of >65 years. PTI was measured by using ECG machine. Results: The examination of parameters body mass index, Heart Rate during resting, immediate standing were estimated for all subjects. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Discussion: The findings suggested that the mean of PTI decreases statistically in group III and IV. Conclusion: This study concluded that due to autonomic dysfunction the PTI decreases with increase in age. KEY WORDS: Postural tachycardial index, Body mass index, heart rate, Autonomic dysfunction.

scholarly journals The effect of different levels of organic selenium on broiler slaughter traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivan Jokic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
S. Mitrovic ◽  
V. Djermanovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selenized Yeast

The effect of different levels of organic selenium (selenized yeast) on slaughter meat traits of fattening chickens (broilers) was investigated. Trial was carried out on 120 Hybro-PN chickens divided into four groups, in duration of six weeks. All groups of chickens were fed complete mixtures, and selenium was added to the food in the form of selenized yeast in the amount of 0 (I ); 0,3 (II); 0,6 (III) or 0,9mg/kg (IV-group). The highest average values of carcass yield 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were recorded in chickens of group III (2059,6, 1851,97 and 1756,45g), with addition of 0,6mg Se/kg, followed by chickens of group II (2048,17, 1841,36 and 1748,57g) and group IV (1957,46, 1764,22 and 1676,05g) with 0,3 and 0,9mg/kg of added selenium, respectively, whereas the lowest values (1835,21, 1660,87 and 1572,61g) were established in chickens of group I without addition of this micro element. Average values of slaughter yields 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were approximately the same in chickens of all investigated groups, and established differences showed no statistical significance (P > 0,05). The lowest breast mass was in I group (573,55g), and the highest in group III (657g). Chickens of groups II and IV (with 0,3 and 0,9mg Se/kg of feed) realized breast mass of 627,90 and 633,12g. Compared to group I, average breast mass of chickens in groups III and IV was considerably higher (P < 0,05 and P < 0,01). Share of breast in the mass of processed carcass was the highest in groups III and IV (37,40 and 37,86%), and the lowest in group II (36,0%). In chickens of group I the stated value was 36,47%. Average share of thighs in the mass of processed carcass was approximately the same in all investigated groups. The highest value (14,4%) was established in chickens of group II, and the lowest (13,98%), in chickens of III investigation group. Chickens fed organic selenium in diet (0,3, 0,6 and 0,9mg/kg) had by 3,80, 3,74 and 3,18% higher share of drumsticks in the mass of processed carcass compared to group I. .

scholarly journals Styloid Process: What Length Is Abnormal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. E202114
Author(s):  
Omair Shah ◽  
Faiz Shera ◽  
Naseer Choh ◽  
Tariq Gojwari ◽  
Fahad Shafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Process Length

The length of the styloid process varies greatly in different populations and depends on ethnicity and geographical background. The elongated styloid process may be associated with Eagle’s syndrome. Therefore, the mean normal length of the styloid process in different population groups needs to be calculated and the upper cutoff limit for elongated styloid process should be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate the styloid process length in the Kashmiri population using multidetector computed tomography. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 304 patients who underwent computed tomography of the head and paranasal sinuses, and the mean styloid process length was calculated on both sides. The mean of three measurements of styloid process length was taken. The study population was grouped as follows: Group I included patients at the age of 21-30 years; Group II comprised patients at the age of 31-40 years; Group III included 68 patients at the age of 41-50 years; Group IV comprised patients > 50 years old. Results. The mean length of the styloid process in the studied population varied from 20 to 51 mm (mean 31.3 ± 4.5 mm). There was no significant difference in the length on both sides (p=0.835). The mean length of the styloid process was 30.1 ± 4.2 mm in females and 32.3 ± 4.8 mm in males (p< 0.034). The lengths of the styloid process in different age groups were as follows: in Group I - 30.9 ± 4.4 mm; in Group II - 31.2 ± 4.8 mm; in Group III - 31.6 ± 4.3 mm; in Group IV - 31.5 ± 4.5 mm. Conclusions. The mean length of the styloid process in our population was higher as compared to many other ethnic groups. The styloid process in males was longer. The elongated styloid process on computed tomography scan should not be labeled as Eagle’s syndrome unless clinical symptoms are present.

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