Nitrification of swine waste

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blouin ◽  
J. -G. Bisaillon ◽  
R. Beaudet ◽  
M. Ishaque
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Complete Nitrification ◽  
Oxidation Of Ammonia

Complete oxidation of ammonia nitrogen (~1000 mg/L) to nitrite was observed in stabilized swine waste after 49 days in incubation at 400 rpm and 29 °C, only if 10% (v/v) activated sludge from a wastewater treatment unit and 1.5% (w/v) CaCO3, were added. Stabilized swine waste contains less than 0.09 most probable number (MPN) per millilitre of nitrosobacteria and 2.3 MPN/mL of nitrobacteria. In activated sludge, the concentrations of these bacteria were 2.4 MPN/mL for nitrosobacteria and 4.2 × 105 MPN/mL for nitrobacteria. In the swine waste where ammonia was oxidized to nitrite, the nitrosobacteria growth increased to 5.5 × 105 MPN/mL, while the nitrobacteria growth decreased to 2.3 MPN/mL. Inoculation of a freshly stabilized swine waste with 10% (v/v) of the active nitrifying waste and addition of 1.5% (w/v) CaCO3, accelerated the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite; the reaction was completed after only 5 days of incubation. Increasing the incubation period to 10 days resulted in the complete oxidation of the accumulated nitrite to nitrate. In the stabilized swine waste, complete nitrification without accumulation of nitrite was obtained in only 5 days of incubation when the waste was inoculated with both enriched nitrifying populations (106–107 MPN/mL). Key words: nitrifying microorganisms, swine waste, nitrification, most probable number.

Prevalence, Concentration, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Florida Poultry Litter

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2179-2186
Author(s):  
ALAN GUTIERREZ ◽  
JAYSANKAR DE ◽  
KEITH R. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number

ABSTRACT For over a decade, Salmonella contamination has increasingly led to outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with fresh produce. The use of untreated animal manures, or biological soil amendments of animal origin, to amend agricultural soils holds a risk of contamination from foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, concentration, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella in poultry litter from Florida farms. Litter pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus (P2O5), total potassium (K2O), moisture content, total solids, total ash, organic matter, and aerobic plate count (APC) were also measured. Litter samples (n = 54) were collected from 18 broiler farms across three seasons (spring, summer, and winter). Salmonella concentrations were enumerated using a most-probable-number (MPN) method, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. The prevalence of Salmonella in litter samples was 61.1%, with a geometric mean of 0.21 ± 20.7 MPN/g. Across all seasons, Salmonella concentrations were not influenced by the chemical, physical, or microbial properties measured. Recovered Salmonella isolates (n = 290) were grouped into serogroups O:4 (43.1%), O:7 (26.9%), O:8 (11.0%), O:1,3,10,19 (7.9%), and O:9,46 (7.2%). Serotyping Salmonella isolates (n = 47) resulted in 12 serotypes, with the most common being Typhimurium (27.7%), Kentucky (17.0%), Enteritidis (14.9%), and Mbandaka (14.9%). Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline (29.8%), sulfisoxazole (23.4%), and streptomycin (14.9%) was observed. No isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobial agents. This study provides valuable information for future risk assessments for the use of poultry litter as an untreated biological soil amendment of animal origin. HIGHLIGHTS

Microbiological aspects of ammonia oxidation of swine waste

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. St-Arnaud ◽  
J. -G. Bisaillon ◽  
R. Beaudet
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Inorganic Medium ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were present at 102 MPN/mL (most probable number per millilitre) in swine waste, and they were outnumbered by a factor of 105 by the heterotrophs of the indigenous flora. To study these ammonia-oxidizing bacteria we attempted to isolate them in pure culture. We succeeded in increasing the concentration of these bacteria by successive transfers to an inorganic medium, but the heterotrophs were always dominant. To overcome this problem Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 was adapted to grow in stabilized swine waste. With this adapted strain it was shown that the number of cells inoculated into swine waste rapidly decreased both under the aerobic conditions used to oxidize the organic matter of swine waste and under the anaerobic conditions found in stored swine waste. Ammonia oxidation was delayed when adapted N. europaea was inoculated into a partially stabilized swine waste as compared with results in a completely stabilized waste. A biofilm of 107 MPN/cm2 of N. europaea was developed after 114 days of incubation at 29 °C on polyvinyl chloride discs covered with geotextile in a rotating biological contactor using an inorganic medium. This biofilm was gradually adapted to stabilized swine waste and the rate of disappearance of ammonia reached 270 mg∙L−1∙day−1 in the compartment of the reactor containing 2.5 L of waste. Key words: amonia-oxidizing bacteria, swine waste, ammonia oxidation, biofilm, most probable number.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biodegradation of Fats and Oils by Activated Sludge on Experimental and Real Scales

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cisterna-Osorio ◽  
Patricia Arancibia-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Fats and oils are the most common pollutants in wastewater, and are usually eliminated through physical processes in wastewater treatment plants, generating large amounts of fats and residual oils that are difficult to dispose of and handle. The degradation of fatty wastewater was studied in a real wastewater treatment plant and a laboratory scale treatment unit. The wastewater treatment plant, located in Chile, was designed for a population of 200,000 inhabitants. It includes an aerobic digester that receives fat and oils retained in a degreaser and treats the fats and oils together with biomass. The biodegradation of fats and oils was analyzed in both wastewater treatment systems. Key parameters were monitored such as the concentration of fats and oils in the influents and effluents, mass loading, and the efficiency of biodegradation. The mass loading range was similar in both wastewater treatment systems. In the experimental activated sludge plant, the biodegradation of fats and oils reached levels in the range of 64% to 75%. For the wastewater treatment plant with an aerobic digester, the levels of biodegradation of fats and oils ranged from 69% to 92%. Therefore, considering the efficiency of the elimination of fats and oils, the results indicated that physical treatment should be replaced with biological treatment so that the CO2 generated by the biodegradation will be incorporated into the carbon cycle and the mass of fats and oils in landfills will be reduced.

A study on the migration and transformation law of nitrogen in urine in municipal wastewater transportation and treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Wuang ◽  
Jin Pengkang ◽  
Liang Chenggang ◽  
Wang Xiaochang ◽  
Zhang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Many studies suggest that the total nitrogen (TN) in urine is around 9,000 mg/L and about 80% of nitrogen in municipal wastewater comes from urine, because nitrogen mainly occurs in the form of urea in fresh human urine. Based on this fact, the study on the migration and transformation law of nitrogen in urine and its influencing factors was carried out. It can be seen from the experimental results that the transformation rate of urea in urine into ammonia nitrogen after standing for 20 days is only about 18.2%, but the urea in urine can be hydrolyzed into ammonia nitrogen rapidly after it is catalyzed directly with free urease or indirectly with microorganism. Adding respectively a certain amount of urease, activated sludge and septic-tank sludge to urine samples can make the maximum transformation rate achieve 85% after 1 day, 2 days and 6 days, respectively. In combination with some corresponding treatment methods, recycling of nitrogen in urine can be achieved. The results are of great significance in guiding denitrification in municipal wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Arcobacter cryaerophilusand thermophilic campylobacters in a sewage treatment plant in Italy: two secondary treatments compared

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stampi ◽  
O Varoli ◽  
F Zanetti ◽  
G De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYMicroaerophilic organisms were monitored in sewage effluent undergoing two secondary treatments: air and oxygen-activated sludge. The mean numbers ofArcobacter cryaerophilusand thermophilic campylobacters detected in incoming sewage were 5639/100 ml and 1720/100 ml respectively.Secondary treatment in air tanks reduced the population ofA. cryaerophilusby 97.1% and of thermophilic campylobacters by 99.08%, whereas treatment in oxygen tanks reduced the bacteria 97.8% and 99.63% respectively, showing that oxygen-activated sludge treatment was more effective. Subsequent tertiary treatment with 2 p.p.m. chlorine dioxide evidenced the removal ofA. cryaerophilusto 99.9% and eliminated thermophilic campylobacters.Campylobacter jejuniandC. coliconstituted 54.1% and 45.9% of 74 thermophilic campylobacter strains isolated. In air-activated sludge effluentC. jejuniwas found more often, thus appearing more sensitive to oxygen.The most probable number assay used for detection of campylobacters, blood medium for enrichment and blood-free medium for plating, also appeared to be fit forA. cryaerophilus, the high density of which in urban sewage may be due to inflows from slaughterhouses.

Activities of Activated Sludge Affected by Pharmaceutical Wastewater in a Membrane Bioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1426-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hong Ding ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Qiang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Final Effluent

a submerged membrane bioreactor was used to treat the effluent of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system, the treated water is rich in ammonia nitrogen and organic compounds (NH4-N, averaged in 78.1 mg/L; COD, averaged in 189.5 mg/L), the final effluent of membrane bioreactor was stably below 50 mg/L COD and 40 mg/L NH4-N respectively, the activity of nitrifying bacteria was inhibited by high concentrations of organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen, a rapid declination of filtration was probably resulted form high concentrations of organic compounds and biomass.

Estimation of the competent biomass concentration for the degradation of synthetic organic compounds in an activated sludge culture receiving a multicomponent feed

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Magbanua ◽  
L. J. Poole ◽  
C. P. L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
System Response ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Enumeration

Biomass samples from two completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) systems fed an array of biogenic and synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) were subjected to microbial enumeration using substrate-specific most probable number techniques to quantify the biomass fractions degrading isophorone, phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, m-toluate, and m-xylene, which individually constituted 1.88–4.30% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the CMAS feed. The competent biomass fractions ranged from 3.1–6.4%, showing that only a small fraction of the total biomass was responsible for degrading the test SOCs. The efficacy of the influent COD fraction as a predictor of the competent biomass fraction was evaluated. Generally, the influent COD fraction underestimated the competent biomass fraction by a factor of about two. The convergence of degradation pathways for different SOCs could contribute to the discrepancy between the influent COD fraction and the competent biomass fraction for each SOC. An accurate estimate of the competent biomass fraction is essential for correctly predicting system response to transient SOC loads. Using the influent COD fraction to approximate the competent biomass fraction, despite the twofold difference, is still more realistic than assuming that the total biomass is responsible for SOC removal.

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