PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROTOPLASTS FROM LIPOMYCES LIPOFER

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. C. Heick ◽  
H. B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Lipomyces Lipofer

Lipomyces lipofer was grown aerobically in chemically defined liquid media containing glucose or citrate as a carbon source. Protoplasts were prepared by digestion of young cells with the intestinal secretions from Helix pomatia in the presence of 10% (w/v) mannitol. Differences in substrate utilization between citrate- and glucose-grown cells were noted and compared with the substrate utilization of the corresponding protoplasts. Examination of protoplasts derived from glucose- and citrate-grown cells showed that the citrate-grown organisms yielded morphologically and metabolically more stable protoplasts. The effects of hypotonic conditions on the metabolic activity of protoplasts as well as the consequences of supplementation of these protoplasts with cofactors have been described.

Actinomycetes in discolored wood of living silver maple

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Streptomyces Strain ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Scanning Electron

The greenish-brown margin of discolored wood in three living silver maple trees, Acer saccharinum L., was examined by scanning electron microscopy and microbiological culture techniques. Micrographs of xylem vessels revealed filamentous structures; some of them appeared to be actinomycetous hyphae. Actinomycetes identified as Streptomyces parvullus Waksman & Gregory, S. sparsogenes Owen, Dietz & Camiener, and a third Streptomyces strain were isolated repeatedly from discolored wood of each tree. These isolates grew in liquid media in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) concentrations of several phenols. Although other phenols included in the test were not substantially degraded, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was utilized as a carbon source by S. parvullus. All three actinomycetes inhibited growth of selected wood-inhabiting fungi when paired on malt agar. When inoculated on sterilized sapwood and discolored wood from silver maple, the actinomycetes colonized vessel walls and occlusions, but were not observed to decay cell walls.

scholarly journals Sugarcane bagasse as a source of carbon for enzyme production by filamentous fungi1

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviane Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Cesar Barretta Dall'Antonia ◽  
Emerson Andrade Shiga ◽  
Larissa Juliani Alvim ◽  
Rosemeire Aparecida Bom Pessoni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Efficient Producer

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to assess the enzymatic activity of six strains of filamentous fungi grown in liquid media containing 1% sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. All fungal strains were able to use this agro-industrial residue, producing various types of enzymes, such as cellulases, xylanases, amylases, pectinases, and laccases. However, Aspergillus japonicus Saito was the most efficient producer, showing the highest enzymatic activity for laccase (395.73 U L-1), endo-β-1,4-xylanase (3.55 U mL-1) and β-xylosidase (9.74 U mL-1) at seven, fourteen and twenty-one days in culture, respectively. Furthermore, the endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-xylosidases of A. japonicus showed maximum activity at 50°C, and pH 5.5 and pH 3.5-4.5, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that A. japonicus has a great biotechnological potential for the production of these enzymes using sugarcane bagasse as the sole source of carbon.

Acidobacteria from oligotrophic soil from the Cerrado can grow in a wide range of carbon source concentrations

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hipólito Lemos de Castro ◽  
Luis Felipe Schroeder ◽  
Betania Ferraz Quirino ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Kruger ◽  
Cristine Chaves Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Wide Range

Soils from the Brazilian Cerrado are nutrient-poor, acidic, and aluminum-rich. A previous study revealed that members of the phylum Acidobacteria were predominant in these oligotrophic soils. Five acidobacteria from Cerrado soil were isolated on VL-55 medium containing 0.05% of xylan as carbon source. All isolates belong to the Acidobacteria subdivision 1, and their 16S rRNA showed similarities of 94.2%–96% with Acidobacterium capsulatum or 98.6% with Edaphobacter aggregans. All isolates were able to sustain growth in a wide range of carbon source concentrations. Growth occurred in all concentrations of arabinose, dextrose, and xylose; only one isolate did not grow on fructose. Isolates grew poorly on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine at all concentrations tested. In general, increasing concentrations of these monosaccharides did not inhibit growth rates. Isolates exhibited growth on solid medium containing xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and colloidal chitin; however, growth was observed on solid medium that did not contain these polysaccharides. These isolates may be able to use the solidifying agents tested (gellan gum or agar) as carbon source. This interpretation is supported by the absence of growth in liquid media containing chitin or carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.05% as sole carbon source, whereas growth in the same conditions using xylan was confirmed.

scholarly journals In vitro action of some disinfectants on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
M. A. Shikanai-Yasuda ◽  
R. T. Taguchi ◽  
M. K. Sato ◽  
N. T. Melo ◽  
C. M. Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Treatment Culture

The fungicidal action of sodium hypochlorite (0.3, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%); formaldehyde (2, 5, and 10%); and ethyl alcohol (70%) on yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb 18 and a newly-isolated Goiana strain was described. Contact between the fungus and the disinfectants was maintained for 1, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours at room temperature. Viability was evaluated by the fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide treatment, culture in solid and liquid media (36ºC and 26ºC); yeast to mycelial germination at room temperature; and radiometric study of metabolic activity. All concentrations of disinfectants were found to be effective in inactivating Pb 18 and Goiana strains, except for the 1-hour contact with 2% formaldehyde, in which fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide treatment was found to reveal 40 and 27% of viable cells, respectively. The yeast to mycelial germination method was considered to reveal faster and similar results as compared to culture in solid and liquid media.

The resistance of Bact. lactis aerogenes to proflavine (2:8-diaminoacridine) - II. The direct induction of adaptation

1952 ◽  
Vol 211 (1105) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Direct Induction

The adaptation of cultures of Bact. lactis aerogenes to proflavine (2:8-diaminoacridirie) is examined in the light of the theories of selection and induced adaptation. As is already known, the presence of proflavine increases the lag before growth, and reduces the number of colonies formed by unadapted cells in a solid medium. Fractions of mutants calculated on the selection theory from these two effects are very different, particularly in the concentration range where growth is completely inhibited in liquid medium but not in solid medium. Adaptation is very greatly accelerated if the drug is added gradually to an actively growing culture. Cells can become adjusted to concentrations which are normally completely inhibitory to unadapted cells subcultured into liquid medium in times too short for any appreciable selection to occur. The interaction of drug and cell clearly brings about adjustments which enable growth to occur under previously inhibitory conditions. The rate of adaptation is dependent on the metabolic activity of the culture. When growth is halted in the presence of proflavine the reducing power declines steadily. Such secondary decay processes are probably responsible for the major effects of inhibition both in solid and in liquid media. A study of filament formation confirms that most cells rather than selected mutants do, in fact, grow in gradually increasing concentrations of proflavine.

scholarly journals Xylose fermentation to ethanol by newGalactomyces geotrichumandCandida akabanensisstrains

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel V. Valinhas ◽  
Lílian A. Pantoja ◽  
Ana Carolina F. Maia ◽  
Maria Gabriela C.P. Miguel ◽  
Ana Paula F.C. Vanzela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Xylose Fermentation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Optimized Conditions

The conversion of pentoses into ethanol remains a challenge and could increase the supply of second-generation biofuels. This study sought to isolate naturally occurring yeasts from plant biomass and determine their capabilities for transforming xylose into ethanol. Three yeast strains with the ability to ferment xylose were isolated from pepper, tomato and sugarcane bagasse. The strains selected were characterized by morphological and auxanographic assays, and they were identified by homology analysis of 5.8 S and 26 S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The identities of two lineages of microrganism were associated withGalactomyces geotrichum, and the other was associated withCandida akabanensis. Fermentative processes were conducted with liquid media containing only xylose as the carbon source. YP/Svalues for the production of ethanol ranging between 0.29 and 0.35 g g−1were observed under non-optimized conditions.

Carbon source utilization-based metabolic activity of Salmonella Oranienburg and Salmonella Saintpaul in river water

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Andrés Medrano-Félix ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo ◽  
Felipe de Jesús Peraza Garay ◽  
Célida Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristóbal Chaidez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
River Water ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization

scholarly journals Cysteine: an overlooked energy and carbon source

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Göbbels ◽  
Anja Poehlein ◽  
Albert Dumnitch ◽  
Richard Egelkamp ◽  
Cathrin Kröger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Moorella Thermoacetica ◽  
Acetogenic Bacterium ◽  
Intracellular Storage ◽  
Biological Component

AbstractBiohybrids composed of microorganisms and nanoparticles have emerged as potential systems for bioenergy and high-value compound production from CO2 and light energy, yet the cellular and metabolic processes within the biological component of this system are still elusive. Here we dissect the biohybrid composed of the anaerobic acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica and cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS) in terms of physiology, metabolism, enzymatics and transcriptomic profiling. Our analyses show that while the organism does not grow on l-cysteine, it is metabolized to acetate in the biohybrid system and this metabolism is independent of CdS or light. CdS cells have higher metabolic activity, despite an inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on key enzymes, because of an intracellular storage compound linked to arginine metabolism. We identify different routes how cysteine and its oxidized form can be innately metabolized by the model acetogen and what intracellular mechanisms are triggered by cysteine, cadmium or blue light.

scholarly journals Phototrophic Lactate Utilization byRhodopseudomonas palustrisIs Stimulated by Coutilization with Additional Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekhya Govindaraju ◽  
James B. McKinlay ◽  
Breah LaSarre
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Lactate Utilization

ABSTRACTThe phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteriumRhodopseudomonas palustrisis known for its metabolic versatility and is of interest for various industrial and environmental applications. Despite decades of research onR. palustrisgrowth under diverse conditions, patterns ofR. palustrisgrowth and carbon utilization with mixtures of carbon substrates remain largely unknown.R. palustrisreadily utilizes most short-chain organic acids but cannot readily use lactate as a sole carbon source. Here we investigated the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on phototrophic lactate consumption byR. palustris. We found that lactate was simultaneously utilized with a variety of other organic acids and glycerol in time frames that were insufficient forR. palustrisgrowth on lactate alone. Thus, lactate utilization byR. palustriswas expedited by its coutilization with additional substrates. Separately, experiments using carbon pairs that did not contain lactate revealed acetate-mediated inhibition of glycerol utilization inR. palustris. This inhibition was specific to the acetate-glycerol pair, asR. palustrissimultaneously utilized acetate or glycerol when either was paired with succinate or lactate. Overall, our results demonstrate that (i)R. palustriscommonly employs simultaneous mixed-substrate utilization, (ii) mixed-substrate utilization expands the spectrum of readily utilized organic acids in this species, and (iii)R. palustrishas the capacity to exert carbon catabolite control in a substrate-specific manner.IMPORTANCEBacterial carbon source utilization is frequently assessed using cultures provided single carbon sources. However, the utilization of carbon mixtures by bacteria (i.e., mixed-substrate utilization) is of both fundamental and practical importance; it is central to bacterial physiology and ecology, and it influences the utility of bacteria as biotechnology. Here we investigated mixed-substrate utilization by the model organismRhodopseudomonas palustris. Using mixtures of organic acids and glycerol, we show thatR. palustrisexhibits an expanded range of usable carbon substrates when provided substrates in mixtures. Specifically, coutilization enabled the prompt consumption of lactate, a substrate that is otherwise not readily used byR. palustris. Additionally, we found thatR. palustrisutilizes acetate and glycerol sequentially, revealing that this species has the capacity to use some substrates in a preferential order. These results provide insights intoR. palustrisphysiology that will aid the use ofR. palustrisfor industrial and commercial applications.

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