The metabolic activity of gut microbiota in obese children is increased compared with normal-weight children and exhibits more exhaustive substrate utilization

Abstract Background The association between the gut microbiota and pediatric obesity was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. A prospective study of obese children was conducted to assess the gut microbial alterations after a weight change. We collected fecal samples from obese children before and after a 2-month weight reduction program that consisted of individual counseling for nutritional education and physical activity, and we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Thirty-six participants, aged 7 to 18 years, were classified into the fat loss (n = 17) and the fat gain (n = 19) groups according to the change in total body fat (%) after the intervention. The baseline analysis of the gut microbiota in the preintervention stages showed dysbiotic features of both groups compared with those of normal-weight children. In the fat loss group, significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, Bacteroidales order, Bacteroidaceae family, and Bacteroides genus, along with increased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, and Clostridiales order, were observed after intervention. The microbial richness was significantly reduced, without a change in beta diversity in the fat loss group. The fat gain group showed significantly deceased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Lachnospiraceae family, and Eubacterium hallii group genus, without a change in diversity after the intervention. According to the functional metabolic analysis by the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2, the “Nitrate Reduction VI” and “Aspartate Superpathway” pathways were predicted to increase significantly in the fat loss group. The cooccurring networks of genera were constructed and showed the different microbes that drove the changes between the pre- and postintervention stages in the fat loss and fat gain groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lifestyle modifications can impact the composition, richness, and predicted functional profiles of the gut microbiota in obese children after weight changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03812497, registration date January 23, 2019, retrospectively registered.

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Microbiota in Obese ChiLdrEn: A Pilot Study. (The DAMOCLE Study)

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecn2020-07012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Matilde Amatruda ◽

Sara Vizzuso ◽

Valentina Fabiano ◽

Elisa Borghi ◽

Gian VIncenzo Zuccotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Children ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

R Ratio ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract: Obesity is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic alterations including insulin resistance. Recent researches suggested that gut microbiota plays a role in its pathogenesis. Obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/R ratio) compared to normal‐weight condition. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of 4 months algae DHA supplementation, combined with dietary and habits education, on gut microbiota composition and biochemical parameters of 12 caucasian obese children. Anthropometric measures, metabolic profile and gut microbiota analysis trough stool samples were assessed at baseline (t0), after 4 months DHA supplementation plus diet-lifestyle intervention (t1), and lastly after additional 4 months of dietary dietary-lifestyle intervention without DHA supplementation (t2). No significant improvement in dietary habits nor in metabolic profile was found after the intervention, while a significant lowering of F/R ratio was observed from t0 to t1 and even more evident at t2 control.

Composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota in obese children and adolescents

The Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ◽

10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-3-38-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

Ju. G. Samoilova ◽

O. A. Oleynik ◽

E. V. Sagan ◽

I. N. Vorozhtsova ◽

T. A. Filippova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Conservative Management ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

International Studies ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Obese Children

This review summarizes the results from national and international studies regarding the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microbiota in health and the dominance of certain bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of obese children. Moreover, we discuss the relationships between the development of obesity and the changes in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota in children. These analyses are of scientific interest from the perspective of finding new targets and approaches to conservative management aimed at preventing and treating obesity through the restoration of intestinal microflora.

Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Smoking Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Platform ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

Role of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 as biomarkers of early kidney injury in obese prepubertal children

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2020-0138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1183-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nella Polidori ◽

Cosimo Giannini ◽

Roberta Salvatore ◽

Piernicola Pelliccia ◽

Adriana Parisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystatin C ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Urinary Ngal ◽

Obese Children ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Ultrasound Evaluation ◽

Kidney Length ◽

Obese Subjects

AbstractObjectivesChildhood obesity is an important cause of end-stage renal disease. To date, available markers do not characterize kidney changes, especially in the early stages. kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are already detected before the onset of proteinuria or alterations of glomerular filtration rate and thus might represent biomarkers that directly reflect kidney injury.MethodsWe characterize kidney injury in a group of 40 obese-prepubertal children compared to 29-healthy age- and gender matched-peers. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were determined. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of insulin, glucose, lipid profile, transaminases, cystatin C and creatinine. Urine samples were collected to assess urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and urinary isoprostanes. Kidney length was measured with ultrasound evaluation. Differences between the two groups were evaluated by Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore relationship between variables.ResultsTriglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio and cystatin C values were significantly higher in obese children than normal weight peers. Creatinine values were normal and similar between the two groups, while isoprostanes were higher in obese. Obese children had larger kidney sizes, indicating organ hypertrophy. NGAL and KIM-1 were increased in obese children compared to controls. A significant association between NGAL and KIM-1 with adiposity indices, insulin status and markers of oxidative stress postulated a possible effect of obesity in inducing kidney abnormalities. KIM-1 and NGAL are directly related respectively to cystatin C and isoprostanes, supporting the ability of these biomarkers in reflecting early kidney damages in obese subjects.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that obese subjects exhibit a certain degree of renal damage before kidney function loss.

Effects of Television on Metabolic Rate: Potential Implications For Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.2.281 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 281-286

Author(s):

Robert C. Klesges ◽

Mary L. Shelton ◽

Lisa M. Klesges

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Television Viewing ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Laboratory Setting ◽

Obese Children ◽

Two Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

Resting Energy

The effects of television viewing on resting energy expenditure (metabolic rate) in obese and normal-weight children were studied in a laboratory setting. Subjects were 15 obese children and 16 normal-weight children whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. All subjects had two measures of resting energy expenditure obtained while at rest and one measurement of energy expenditure taken while viewing television. Results indicated that metabolic rate during television viewing was significantly lower (mean decrease of 211 kcal extrapolated to a day) than during rest. Obese children tended to have a larger decrease, although this difference was not statistically significant (262 kcal/d vs 167 kcal/d, respectively). It was concluded that television viewing has a fairly profound lowering effect of metabolic rate and may be a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and amount of television viewing.

Corrigendum: Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.02693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar ◽

María Guadalupe Ortiz-López ◽

María de los Ángeles Granados-Silvestre ◽

Berenice Palacios-González ◽

Marta Menjivar

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Obese Children ◽

Compositional Changes

Elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in obese children

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2014-1081 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sophia Sakka ◽

Tania Siahanidou ◽

Chronis Voyatzis ◽

Panagiota Pervanidou ◽

Christina Kaminioti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Z Score ◽

Obese Children ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Thromboembolic Risk ◽

Pla2 Enzyme

AbstractObesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) often co-exist, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms that link the two are not fully understood. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase ASixty-seven lean [39 boys and 28 girls, mean body mass index (BMI) z-score –0.2±0.8] and 66 obese (32 boys and 34 girls, mean BMI z-score 4.4±1.2) age-matched (p=0.251) children, aged 6–12 years, were studied. BMI z-score was calculated based on the Greek BMI growth curves, and children were categorized as obese according to the Cole criteria. All children underwent physical examination and a fasting morning blood sample was obtained for glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and Lp-PLA2 assessment. Plasma concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were determined by a commercially available Lp-PLA2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (PLAC Test), while other measurements were performed using standard methods.Plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly higher in obese children (322.5±77.8 ng/mL) compared with normal-weight ones (278.0±64.4 ng/mL, p<0.001). Lp-PLA2 concentrations were significantly correlated with the BMI z-score (p=0.004). Receiver operating characteristic analysis on Lp-PLA2 values resulted in significant areas under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing between obese and normal-weight groups of children (AUC, 0.726; p<0.001).We found significantly higher Lp-PLA2 levels in obese children than lean controls. Interestingly, they all had levels >200 ng/mL, which are considered to correlate with atherosclerosis and a high thromboembolic risk in adults. The positive correlation of Lp-PLA2 with BMI suggests that Lp-PLA2 might be the link between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk, which can be elevated even at a very young age. Measurement of Lp-PLA2 in plasma could therefore represent a further biomarker for assessing increased CVD risk in obese children and adolescents.

Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.26.1.21 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 21-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Eva D’Hondt ◽

Benedicte Deforche ◽

Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽

Matthieu Lenoir

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Fine Motor Skill ◽

Obese Children ◽

General Motor ◽

Movement Assessment

The purpose of this study was to investigate gross and fine motor skill in overweight and obese children compared with normal-weight peers. According to international cut-off points for Body Mass Index (BMI) from Cole et al. (2000), all 117 participants (5–10 year) were classified as being normal-weight, overweight, or obese. Level of motor skill was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Scores for balance (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .05) were significantly better in normal-weight and overweight children as compared with their obese counterparts. A similar trend was found for manual dexterity (p < .10). This study demonstrates that general motor skill level is lower in obese children than in normal-weight and overweight peers.

520 Weight-based vs. BSA-based Fluid Resuscitation Predictions in Pediatric Burn Patients

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S107-S107

Author(s):

Jan V Stevens ◽

Nina Prieto ◽

Elika Ridelman ◽

Justin D Klein ◽

Christina M Shanti

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Fluid Resuscitation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Post Injury ◽

Pediatric Burns ◽

The Difference ◽

Parkland Formula ◽

Total Fluid

Abstract Introduction Current practice for major pediatric burns includes fluid resuscitation using formulas that estimate fluid requirements based on weight and/or body surface area (BSA) along with percent total burn surface area (TBSA). Adult studies have shown that these formulas can cause fluid overload in obese patients and increase risk of complications. These findings have not been validated in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate whether a weight-based resuscitation formula increases the risk of complications in obese children following burn injuries and compares fluid estimates to those that incorporate BSA. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 110 children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to an ABA-verified urban pediatric burn center from October 2008 to May 2020. Patients had ≥15% TBSA, were resuscitated with the weight-based Parkland formula, and had fluids titrated to urine output every two hours (1 ml/kg/hr if ≤ 30kg; 0.5 ml/kg/hr if > 30kg). Demographics, burn type, and TBSA were collected on admission. BSA-based Galveston and BSA-incorporated Cincinnati formula resuscitation predictions were also calculated. Output and input volumes were collected at 8h and 24h post-injury. Complications were collected throughout the hospital stay. Patients were classified into CDC-defined weight groups based on percentile ranges. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 10.0. Results This study included 11 underweight, 60 normal weight, 18 overweight, and 21 obese children. Our patients had a mean age-based weight CDC percentile of 62.2%, and mean TBSA of 25.4%. Predicted resuscitation volumes increased as CDC percentile increased for all three formulas (p=0.033, 0.092, 0.038), however there were no significant differences between overweight and obese children. Total fluid administered was higher as CDC percentile increased (p=0.023). However, overweight children received more total fluid than obese children. The difference between total fluids given and Galveston predicted resuscitation volumes were significant across all groups (p=0.042); however, the difference using the Parkland and Cincinnati formulas were not statistically significant. There were more children in the normal weight group who developed complications compared to other groups, but these findings were not significant. Conclusions The Parkland formula tended to underpredict fluid needs in the underweight, normal weight, and overweight children, and it overpredicted fluid needs for the obese. Further research is needed to determine the value of weight-based vs BSA-based or incorporated formulas in terms of their risk of complications.