Pavement subsurface drainage: importance of appropriate subbase materials
Past and current research has clearly established the detrimental effects of inadequate subsurface drainage within a road environment. In response, pavement engineers have developed a number of theoretical models to establish the lateral drainage requirements of pavements. The intention of the present paper is to extend current drainage design by accounting for the presence of a pervious subbase layer. A parametric study of an extended form of the time to drain problem was performed while focusing on the effect of subbase material characteristics under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The numerical results established that the addition of a suitable subbase material can shift drainage time from days to minutes by combining the effects of gravity, seepage distance, and discharge area to enhance vertical water movement. Although increasing saturated hydraulic conductivity of the subbase material was generally shown to favour vertical drainage, it also created a capillary barrier effect that hindered downward flow. The results of this analysis emphasize the importance and relevance of subbase material selection for improving the drainage quality of dense-graded base materials, which display excellent bearing capacity and remain stable under repeated loading.