Ground settlements and drawdown of the water table around an excavation

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Hsi ◽  
J. C. Small
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Congested Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Ground Settlements

In the vicinity of an excavation in a saturated soil, ground settlements are often caused by the combined effects of stress release and drawdown of the water table. These settlements may be crucial if the excavation is carried out in a congested area. A case history of excavation adjacent to closely constructed blocks of buildings is discussed in this study. Ground settlements and water-surface levels were monitored during the excavation period, as the settlement of the surrounding area was of concern. The authors have previously developed a fully coupled numerical method that allows the computation of the displacements and pore pressures in a soil taking account of the drawdown of the water table which may accompany excavation. This method is used here for back-analysis of a full-scale excavation that has been comprehensively documented. Comparisons between the field measurements and the calculated results are given in this paper. Key words : consolidation, excavation, finite element, seepage, transient unconfined flow.

Formation and composition of training flax collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L.M. Kryvosheieva ◽  
V.I. Chuchvaha ◽  
N.M. Kandyba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Aim. Based on the results of multi-year research into the flax gene pool, to form a flax training collection to provide breeding scientific organizations and educational institutions with collection samples as well as with information about the bast crop gene pool. Results and Discussion. The studies were conducted in the crop rotation fields for breeding and seed production of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS (Hlukhiv, Sumska Oblast) in 1992-2018. The field measurements and laboratory analyses were carried out in accordance with conventional methods of field and laboratory studies of collection flax samples.The article presents the results on the formation of a training collection of flax at the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, which has 117 accessions (11 botanical species and three varieties) from 22 countries. In addition to species diversity, the collection includes accessions with different levels of expression of valuable economic and biological characteristics. It also includes accessions selected by phenotypic variability of individual characters or their combinations. The multi-year research into the flax collection accessions resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest for the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine is shown, where breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems, are presented. The collection can be used as a visual aid for the plant breeding course in educational programs; in addition, it can provide starting material for scientific and educational institutions. The collection is registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (certificate No. 00273 dated 04/11/2019). Conclusions. The studies of accessions from the national flax collection allowed us to build up a training collection and register it with the NCPGRU. The collection represents a wide range of biological and economic features of the gene pool of this crop. The collection can be used in the educational process of educational agricultural and biological institutions. The multi-year research into the national flax collection resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest to the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine got covered, and breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems are presented.

Nonlocal Gravity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Mashhoon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Past History ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Local Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Nearby Galaxies

A postulate of locality permeates through the special and general theories of relativity. First, Lorentz invariance is extended in a pointwise manner to actual, namely, accelerated observers in Minkowski spacetime. This hypothesis of locality is then employed crucially in Einstein’s local principle of equivalence to render observers pointwise inertial in a gravitational field. Field measurements are intrinsically nonlocal, however. To go beyond the locality postulate in Minkowski spacetime, the past history of the accelerated observer must be taken into account in accordance with the Bohr-Rosenfeld principle. The observer in general carries the memory of its past acceleration. The deep connection between inertia and gravitation suggests that gravity could be nonlocal as well and in nonlocal gravity the fading gravitational memory of past events must then be taken into account. Along this line of thought, a classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation has recently been developed. In this nonlocal gravity (NLG) theory, the gravitational field is local, but satisfies a partial integro-differential field equation. A significant observational consequence of this theory is that the nonlocal aspect of gravity appears to simulate dark matter. The implications of NLG are explored in this book for gravitational lensing, gravitational radiation, the gravitational physics of the Solar System and the internal dynamics of nearby galaxies as well as clusters of galaxies. This approach is extended to nonlocal Newtonian cosmology, where the attraction of gravity fades with the expansion of the universe. Thus far only some of the consequences of NLG have been compared with observation.

scholarly journals Analysis of displacement of excavation based on inclinometer measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Gorska ◽  
Marek Wyjadłowski
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Bored Pile ◽  
Excavation Process ◽  
Excavation Support

Abstract The article presents back analysis to estimate geotechnical parameters of fill layer. The agreement between field measurements and theoretical calculations was examined. Displacements of a cantilever CFA bored pile wall were monitored. The inclinometric measurements were taken directly after pile construction and according to excavation process. Over 200 calculation series were performed, with changing fill parameters. The calculations employed the actual geometric and material parameters of the pile wall, as well as geotechnical parameters of layered soil. The parameters estimated through back analysis were the angle of internal friction and Young’s modulus of fill layer. In the case discussed, pile wall cap displacement was the response of the system, and soil medium parameters were the input data. The agreement between theoretical calculations and inclinometer measurements was assessed in accordance with two functions. The measured horizontal displacements of excavation support structure assumed different values at the two inclinometer sites analysed. Back analysis results for these sites are approximately convergent for a final excavation depth.

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Study of the Flow Properties in a Double-Spur Dikes Field during a Flood Process

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Han ◽  
Pengzhi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Hydrodynamic Evolution ◽  
Spur Dikes ◽  
Potential Damage

A 3D numerical model is developed to study the flow characteristics of a double-spur dikes field on Yangtze River during a flood process, which was presented by the variation of the flow condition. The model is based on Navier–Stokes (NS) equations, the porous medium method (PMM) is employed to treat the solid structures including the river bed surface, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is applied to track the motion of the water surface during the flood process, and large eddy simulation (LES) is adopted to capture the turbulence transport and dissipation. Using this model, the target reach’s flow field before the construction of double-spur dikes is simulated first, while the numerical results are compared to the field measurements on flow velocity and water surface level, and fairly good agreements are shown. Then, the model is applied to reproduce the hydrodynamic evolution during a flood process after double-spur dikes’ constructions, while the detailed 3D flow fields are obtained under some certain states with different submergence rates of the spur dikes; finally, the potential damage positions around these spur dikes are analyzed accordingly.

Exploring a Sense of Place in Lu Cuo Xiamen

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Xiao Jian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

South-Fujian is one of the most famous hometowns for overseas Chinese. Lu Cuo is the most significant landscape architecture of the South-Fujian. The development of Lu Cuo is a struggle history of South-Fujianese. Locating in the center of the city, Lu Cuo has faced the danger of being destroyed as many of valuable Cuo. This study investigated landscape features of Lu Cuo, including the arcade, dovetail roof ridge, red brick, and exquisite carvings. The results showed that Lu Cuo is the pluralistic coexistence with Chinese and Western architectural styles. Therefore, the study suggests that cultural vale and physical value are importance for preserving and managing Lu Cuo and its surrounding area.

Effect of Transitions in the Water Table and Soil Moisture Content on the Cathodic Protection of Buried Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser King ◽  
Russell Given ◽  
Robert G. Worthingham ◽  
Greg Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
O2 Concentration

Buried pipelines can be subject to transitional environments due to changes in soil type or moisture content. Changes in the height of the water table, for example, will affect not only the availability of water but also the access of oxygen to the pipe surface. Transitions between different soil types will also result in different exposure conditions for different parts of the pipe. These variations can affect the distribution of potential on the pipe surface and the ability of the CP system to provide adequate protection. A combination of laboratory-scale soil box tests and field measurements on operating pipelines has been used to study the effect of varying moisture content and water level on the level of cathodic protection and on pipe-depth environmental conditions. In both laboratory tests and field trials, the degree of protection was found to depend on the availability of cathodic reactants (O2 and/or H2O). Ingress of O2 results in a positive shift in potential as more current is required to electrochemically reduce the oxidant and the pipe is less easily polarized. Under some circumstances, the ingress of water has the same effect. Although more aerobic conditions lead to more positive potentials, the pipe is not necessarily less well protected. In many dry and/or high resistivity soils, the pipe surface may well be passive because of the high interfacial pH and/or high O2 concentration.

Archaeological works to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Sudan): preliminary results and new perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The North ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
The Temple

The paper presents preliminary results and discusses future perspectives on archaeological research in the area to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Napata) in connection to the most recent excavations of elite Meroitic structure B 1700. The field season of 2020 at B 1700 continued to bring to light a new monumental foundation platform of the cellular type constructed for a building which function and meaning remain a subject for debate. The now available data suggest that B 1700 followed the classic Meroitic square plan with rooms arranged around a central columned space, utility chambers on the ground floor, and official areas on the upper floor(s). Paper discusses general features of the exposed plan of B 1700, the process of its construction, recorded archaeological matrix, and finds. Special mention is made of the brick masonry, earlier occupation phase, later activities at the site, and the great pottery dump which was extensively used in the fill of the foundation platform. The author argues that elite building B 1700 was probably constructed at the time of king Natakamani (1 century AD) – one of the most known Kushite rulers of the Classic Meroitic period – and did not continue functioning for more than, probably, one century. The study of B 1700 and its surrounding area has a considerable significance for reconstructing the history of the development of the temple and royal zone to the north of the temenos of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal as well as provide new data on the actual nature of Napata as an economic and political center of Meroitic Kush.  

Notes regarding historical and antiquarian peculiarities of the districts in Forfarshire, where the various relics now presented to the Museum of the Society were found

1856 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Andrew Jervise
Keyword(s):  
Surrounding Area ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
History Of

The author briefly discusses the history of the castle at Forfar as well as some of the historical features of the surrounding area. He then goes on to discuss finds that were made nearby and how they might be connected to the castle including weaponry, armour and coins. There is also a discussion of the grave cists found on Rowin Hill nearby, and the possibility that they may relate to a battle between Bruce and Comyn in the 14th century. 

From the estate to the commune: history of noble estates in 1920–1930-s (based on the material of the “Pedagogical poem” of A.S. Makarenko)

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Evgeniya N. Stroganova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical References

The paper is dedicated to the issue of establishment of colonies and communes for homeless children on the site of former estates. The focus is on A.S. Makarenko’s colony n.a. M. Gorky, which had been located on a farm, in Triba, Poltava province, since 1920, and which moved to rural area of Kovaliovka in 1923 (previously owned by brothers V.E. and E.E. Trepke). According to the “Pedagogicheskaya poema” (“The Pedagogical Poem”), letters of Makarenko and historical references, it can be understood what history the landscaped estate with a rationally established economy had had. Though it had being plundered and finally had become “dead kingdom”. Colonists not only renewed the buildings but also landscaped the surrounding area: they built the greenhouse, put in order the yards and the riverbank, cleared the garden and laid out flowerbeds. Beside this, they regulated agricultural production: they cultivated and planted fields, started farming. The Trepke estate has changed, but the cultural layer has been preserved, since the new householders have not destroyed it but adapted to their needs. The history of the colony n.a. Gorky presents how the new owners of ruined country estates have given to estate the new life.

scholarly journals Impacts of Rapid Changes of Land Cover and Intensive Human Activities on Avarga Toson Lake Area, Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6070
Author(s):  
Urtnasan Mandakh ◽  
Danzanchadav Ganbat ◽  
Bayartungalag Batsaikhan ◽  
Sainbayar Dalantai ◽  
Zolzaya Adiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Water Surface Area

Avarga Toson Lake and its surrounding area are very important for people, wildlife, and animals in Delgerkhaan Soum of Khentii Province in Eastern Mongolia. Some research has been conducted so as to explore the medical nature and characteristics of the lake and its surrounding area. However, the adverse effects of land use have neither been studied nor reported. The fact that the water catchment area is shrinking evidences clearly that findings of various real-time studies must be used effectively in the long-term by the local government and relevant authorities in order to take immediate remedial measures. Our study focused on land cover changes occurring as a result of human activities in the area, using a Landsat imageries and water indices approach to estimate the changes of land use and land cover. The aims of this study were to assess the land use and cover change that occurred between 1989 and 2018 and to define the impacting factors on the changes of water surface area in Avarga Toson Lake area, Mongolia. Findings revealed that the water surface area has decreased by 34.1% in the past 30 years. The lake water area had the weakest, positive correlation with temperature and precipitation. We did not find any indicators suggesting a relationship between lake area and climate variables. In contrast, the area was slightly correlated with socio-economic variables, such as Toson Lake area with the number of visitors (R2 = 0.89) and Burd Lake area the with number of livestocks (R2 = 0.75), respectively. Therefore, the main conclusion of this paper is that socioeconomic factors driven by land use change, policy, and institutional failure together with the existing pressure on the lake may amplify their effect of the water surface area decreasing. Additionally, even if policy adoption is relatively sufficient in the country, the public institutional capacity to implement a successful sustainable land management model regarding land access, land development, land resources protection, land market, and investments in infrastructure remains very limited.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document