GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART IX. THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF JUNIPERUS SABINA L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2876-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Citronellic Acid ◽  
Pungent Odor ◽  
Juniperus Sabina ◽  
Commercial Oil

The chemical composition of the volatile oil of the leaves of local savin juniper and of commercial oil of savin was determined by an improved gas chromatographic technique. Both oils contain d-sabinyl acetate (38, 37.5%) and d-sabinene (30.5, 26%) as the major constituents. Smaller amounts of d,α-pinene, d-myrcene, d-limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, d-isothujone, d-terpinen-4-ol, d-sabinol, d-citronellol, d-cadinene, and l-elemol were isolated. Trace amounts of α-thujene, camphene, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, thujone, geraniol, a cadinene isomer, and δ-cadinol were tentatively identified. A fraction having the typical pungent odor of juniper leaves was isolated, but it was found to consist mainly of the methyl ester of d-citronellic acid. Several unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpenes and a phenol ether were isolated in trace amounts.Some phylogenetic relationships with other thujone-bearing oils analyzed in this series are discussed.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART VIII. THE VOLATILE OIL OF TANACETUM VULGARE L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Methylene Group ◽  
Commercial Oil

The chemical composition of the commercial oil of tansy and of that obtained from a local tansy species was determined by means of gas–liquid chromatography. Both oils contained d-isothujone as the major component (68.5%, 58%). The commercial oil contained fairly large amounts of l-camphor (13.9%), whereas that from local plants had only traces of camphor and 19.8% of l-thujone. The minor components isolated and identified in both oils were l-α -pinene, l-camphene, d-sabinene, d-limonene, 1:8-cineole, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, d-terpinen-4-ol, l-carvotanacetone, and l-borneol. Small amounts of α-thujene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, neoisothujyl and isothujyl alcohols, and dihydrocarvone were identified by retention characteristics only. Car-4-ene, isomeric alloocimenes, and carvomenthone may also be present. An unknown, crystalline monoterpene alcohol with a terminal methylene group was isolated in small amounts. A sesquiterpene (3.7%) was obtained from the oil of local plants.Prefractionation of these oils by fractional distillation resulted in extensive isomerization of isothujone to dl-carvotanacetone. Such a rearrangement was not encountered during prefractionation by preparative gas–liquid chromatography.

Differentiation between Candida dubliniensis andCandida albicans by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3696-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Peltroche-Llacsahuanga ◽  
Silke Schmidt ◽  
Michael Seibold ◽  
Rudolf Lütticken ◽  
Gerhard Haase
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Acid Methyl

Candida dubliniensis is often found in mixed culture with C. albicans, but its recognition is hampered as the color of its colonies in primary culture on CHROMagar Candida varies. Furthermore, definite identification of C. dubliniensis is difficult to achieve, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, a method to discriminate between these two closely related yeast species by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis using gas-liquid chromatography (Sherlock Microbial Identification System [MIS]; MIDI, Inc., Newark, Del.) was developed. Although the chromatograms of these two species revealed no obvious differences when applying FAME analysis, a new library (CADLIB) was successfully created using Sherlock Library Generation Software (MIDI). The amount and frequency of FAME was analyzed using library training files (n = 10 for each species), preferentially those comprising reference strains. For testing the performance of the CADLIB, clinical isolates genetically assigned to the respective species (C. albicans, n = 32; C. dubliniensis, n = 28) were chromatographically analyzed. For each isolate tested, MIS computed a similarity index (SI) indicating a hierarchy of possible strain fits. When using the newly created library CADLIB, the SIs for C. albicans andC. dubliniensis ranged from 0.11 to 0.96 and 0.53 to 0.93 (for all but one), respectively. Only three isolates of C. albicans (9.4%) were misidentified as C. dubliniensis, whereas all isolates of C. dubliniensiswere correctly identified. Resulting differentiation accuracy was 90.6% for C. albicans and 100% for C. dubliniensis. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the resulting FAME profiles showed two clearly distinguishable clusters matching up with two assigned species for the strains tested. Thus, the created library proved to be well suited to discriminate between these two species.

Determination of Phenothiazine and Several of its Derivatives by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-859
Author(s):  
C L Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame

Abstract Phenothiazine, promethazine.HCl, chlorpromazine. HCl, promazine.HCl, and levomepromazine. HCl were chromatographed satisfactorily on a column containing 5% Apiezon L coated on Anakrom ABS, 100/110 mesh, using a hydrogen-flame ionization detector. This gas chromatographic technique is rapid and more specific than existing official methods. The use of an internal standard to improve precision will be investigated.

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RASHA K. DAOUK ◽  
SHAWKY M. DAGHER ◽  
ELSA J. SATTOUT
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Origanum Oil ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The volatile oil of the Lebanese Za'atar (Origanum syriacum L.) was characterized for its thymol and carvacrol content using gas-liquid chromatography. These two compounds constituted the major components of the oil and were present in equal proportions of 30% in the volatile oil extracted from the leaves and shoot tips of the Origanum plant during the preflowering stage. The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil increased to 62% after flowering and maturation, while the concentration of thymol decreased to 14%. Origanum oil extracted from plants collected during midseason was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium species. The oil exhibited strong inhibitory action against the three fungi tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.1 μl/ml of yeast extract sucrose broth for the fungi tested.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART IV. THE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE OIL OF THE LEAVES OF EASTERN WHITE CEDAR

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Eastern White Cedar

The complete analysis of the neutral volatile oil of the leaves of Eastern white cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.) by means of gas–liquid chromatography was attempted. The mixture of terpenes was resolved into 28 monoterpenoid components and the major ones were isolated in 5- to 20-mg amounts. Comparison of infrared spectra and retention times with those of authentic specimens led to the positive identification of d-α-pinene, camphene, sabinene, d-limonene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, l-fenchone, l-α-thujone, d-isothujone, camphor, and bornyl acetate. α-Thujene, β-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole, terpinolene, and terpinen-4-ol were tentatively identified. The percentage composition of a commercial sample of the oil and of one obtained from a tree grown in Saskatoon was determined. The latter oil contained 7.0 to 7.5% of sesquiterpenoid components, which were resolved into four peaks on polyester columns at 180 °C.

Gas-liquid chromatography of terpenes. Part XVI. The volatile oil of the leaves of Juniperus ashei Buchholz

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Ashe Juniper ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unique Chemical

The major components of the leaf oil of the Ashe juniper were found to be d-camphor (42.1 %), d-bornyl acetate (22.5%), d-limonene (8.4%), tricyclene (4.8%), d-camphene (4.4%), d-borneol (2.9%), p-cymene (2.8%), d-α-myrcene (1.8%), d-α-pinene (1.7%), and d-camphene hydrate (1.5%). This appears to be the first time that the latter alcohol has been isolated from a natural source. Smaller amounts of linalool, carvone, elemol, and traces of trans-2-methyl-6-methylene-3,7-octadien-2-ol were also identified. Several alcohols having terminal methylene groups were isolated in trace amounts.The monoterpenes found in this oil are not typical for the genus Juniperus and this result offers a unique chemical approach to the study of introgression of the Ashe juniper with other juniper species.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WOOD EXTRACTIVES OF SORBUS DECORA (SARG.) SCHNEID.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Narasimhachari ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Detection And Separation

The wood of the showy mountain ash was found to contain about 3% acetone-soluble material. The major constituents of the extract were a polymorphous xyloside of (+)-di-methoxyisolariciresinol, the recently discovered hydroxy diphenyls aucuparin and methoxyaucuparin, and fatty acid esters of β-sitosterol, another phytosterol, and of untractable phenolic material. Small amounts of free β-sitosterol and a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as traces of an unknown leucoanthocyanidin were also isolated. The xyloside predominated in the sapwood, whereas the aucuparins were found mainly in the heartwood. Gas–liquid chromatography was instrumental in the detection and separation of the aucuparins.

Detection of Admixtures of Turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn., with Curcuma aromatica Salisb. by Thin Layer and Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1337
Author(s):  
Kalyan G Raghuveer ◽  
Venkatesa S Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Abstract Simple and definitive thin layer chromatographic methods are described for the detection of admixtures of Curcuma longa with Curcuma aromatica at the 5% levels. The tests are performed on hexane extracts, thus avoiding distillation of the volatile oil, and are based on the separation of high boiling sesquiterpene compounds by hexane or benzene. Chromatograms are sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid or Gibbs reagent to give distinct spots for C. aromatica which are absent from C. longa. Gas chromatography of the extracts also distinguishes the admixtures through a late-eluting peak for C. aromatica.

Inverse Gas–Liquid Chromatography Study of Asphalt Composition and Oxidative Aging

2005 ◽  
Vol 1901 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Soo Kim ◽  
Raymond R. Robertson ◽  
Jan F. Branthaver
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Retention Behavior ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Highly Correlated

The chemical composition of an asphalt binder significantly affects oxidative aging and interactions with both aggregate and binder modifiers. In turn, it may cause premature asphalt pavement failures through fatigue cracking, moisture damage, or other failure mechanisms. Analytical chemical procedures, such as ion exchange chromatography, are time-consuming and cost prohibitive as routine tests. Inverse gas–liquid chromatography (IGLC) is a relatively faster and simpler technique that provides the chemical composition and polarity characteristics of asphalt samples. In IGLC, asphalt is used as the liquid substrate on an inert support in a GLC column and is characterized by measuring the retention behavior of selected test compounds that possess different functional groups. The interaction behaviors between seven test compounds and 19 unaged and GLC column–aged asphalt samples were determined and compared with functional group concentrations presented in the asphalts and in a nonaqueous potentiometric titration study. It was found that the retention behaviors of the test compounds are strongly related to the types and concentrations of functional groups in the asphalt. For unaged asphalts, the retention behavior of strongly basic test compounds is highly correlated with the concentration of acidic functional groups in asphalts. The retention behavior of phenol with oxidatively aged asphalts is highly correlated with the concentration of sulfoxide, one of the major products of asphalt oxidation.

scholarly journals THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ILLICIUM ANISATUM LINN.

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 2461-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Cook ◽  
A. S. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbon ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Commercial Oil

The oil of the Japanese star anise tree, Illiciumanisatum Linn., was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The major constituents were found to be cineole (18.1%), linalool (10.1%), methyleugenol (9.8%), α-terpenyl acetate (6.8%), safrole (6.6%), and a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon of unknown constitution (7.2%). The composition of this oil differs widely from that of the commercially used star anise oil obtained from Illiciumverum Hooker. The most striking difference between the two oils is found in the anethole content, which constitutes 88% of the commercial oil but only 1.2% of the oil here investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document