The carbohydrates of the roots of the sugar maple

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (19) ◽  
pp. 2217-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Scott ◽  
G. W. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Acidic Component ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Differential Precipitation

Alkaline extraction of the chlorite holocellulose from the roots of the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) yielded a mixture of hemicellulose material which gave glucose, xylose, galactose, an acidic component, and arabinose in the approximate molar ratio of 14:22:1.7:1.9:1.0 upon acid hydrolysis. This crude hemicellulose was separated into four fractions by differential precipitation with Cetavlon. Methylation of two of these hemicelluloses resulted in further purification, and yielded two acidic glucoxylans (B-1-A and B-3-A) which were structurally distinct from the polysaccharides found in the shoot. Fraction B-l-A (degree of polymerization 144) consisted of a chain of β-(1 → 4)-linked d-xylose and d-glucose units, some of each of which were branched through C-3. The terminal, nonreducing units were d-xylose or sugar acid residues. Fraction B-3-A (degree of polymerization 96) also consisted of a chain of β-(l → 4)-linked d-xylose and d-glucose units, but branching occurred at C-3 of some of the d-xylose residues only. The carbohydrate composition of the mono- and oligo-saccharide fractions and of the other hemicelluloses was investigated.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTION OF A GLUCOMANNAN FROM THE SAPWOOD OF SUGAR MAPLE (ACER SACCHARUM)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2423-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A glucomannan containing D-mannose and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 7:3 has been isolated from sugar maple sapwood. Electrophorectic examination in acetate and borate buffers showed that the polysaccharide was essentially homogeneous. Methylation and hydrolysis of the glucomannan yielded the following O-methyl ethers:2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose (1.1%),2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (2.3%),2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose (23.4%),2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (65.9%),2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (2.6%),2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (2.7%).These data in conjunction with periodate oxidation results and estimates of the degree of polymerization indicated that the glucomannan was composed of 25–27 hexose units linked β(1 → 4) in a linear structure. The chains were terminated predominately by D-mannose units; traces of D-xylose were present in terminal positions only and appeared to be part of the glucomannan molecule.

Litter layers (Oie) as a calcium source of sugar maple seedlings in a northern hardwood forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Fahey ◽  
Joel D. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
Internal Transport

The role of the Oie horizon in calcium supply of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings was evaluated. Forest floor Oie horizon was reciprocally transplanted on 1 m2 quadrats between a Ca-treated (W1) and a reference (W3) watershed, and sugar maple seeds were planted on the quadrats. The Oie horizon in W1 exhibited a greatly increased Ca:Sr molar ratio compared with the reference W3 (550 vs. 220), allowing distinction of this Ca source in seedling tissues. Foliage and fine roots of maple seedlings growing on quadrats in W3 with Oie transplanted from W1 exhibited Ca:Sr ratios intermediate between the Oie and underlying native soil horizons, demonstrating the role of Oie in seedling Ca nutrition. However, apparently strong and temporally changing discrimination of Ca and Sr in seedling uptake and internal transport confounded quantitative evaluation.

Die Bürzeldrüsenlipide des Rebhuhns (Perdix perdix) / The Uropygial Gland Fat of the Partridge (Perdix perdix)

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jacob ◽  
Gernot Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Natural System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Preen Gland ◽  
Perdix Perdix ◽  
Typical Member ◽  
Acidic Component ◽  
A Chain

The uropygial (preen) gland fat of the partridge (Perdix perdix) is a mixture of diester waxes of which even- and odd-numbered fatty acids with a chain length of C9-C20 are shown to be the acidic component. On the other hand erythro-n-alkanediols (2,3) with a chain length of C12 - C23 are the alcoholic components of the waxes.The simultaneously investigated depot fat is a mixture of triglycerides with usual composition.Chemotaxonomically the partridge is a typical member of the 18th order (galliformes) of the natural system.

OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM THE SAP OF SUGAR MAPLE (ACER SACCHARUM MARSH)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haq ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
The Other

From the sap of the sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh) two trisaccharides have been isolated by column and paper chromatography. One was identified as O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 6)α-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)β-D-fructofuranoside (6G-fructosylsucrose), the other was tentatively established as either 6F-fructosylsucrose or 1F-fructosylsucrose. These trisaccharides are not related in either composition or structure to the polysaccharides present in the sap and wood.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

scholarly journals Green TPUs from Prepolymer Mixtures Designed by Controlling the Chemical Structure of Flexible Segments

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7438
Author(s):  
Paulina Kasprzyk ◽  
Ewa Głowińska ◽  
Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska ◽  
Kamila Rohde ◽  
Janusz Datta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Trimethylene Glycol ◽  
Hard Segments ◽  
A Chain

This study concerns green thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) obtained by controlling the chemical structure of flexible segments. Two types of bio-based polyether polyols—poly(trimethylene glycol)s—with average molecular weights ca. 1000 and 2700 Da were used (PO3G1000 and PO3G2700, respectively). TPUs were prepared via a two-step method. Hard segments consisted of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanates and the bio-based 1,4-butanodiol (used as a chain extender and used to control the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio). The impacts of the structure of flexible segments, the amount of each type of prepolymer, and the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio on the chemical structure and selected properties of the TPUs were verified. By regulating the number of flexible segments of a given type, different selected properties of TPU materials were obtained. Thermal analysis confirmed the high thermal stability of the prepared materials and revealed that TPUs based on a higher amount of prepolymer synthesized from PO3G2700 have a tendency for cold crystallization. An increase in the amount of PO3G1000 at the flexible segments caused an increase in the tensile strength and decrease in the elongation at break. Melt flow index results demonstrated that the increase in the amount of prepolymer based on PO3G1000 resulted in TPUs favorable in terms of machining.

Degradation of chlorpyriphos in water by advanced oxidation processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Murillo ◽  
J. Sarasa ◽  
M. Lanao ◽  
J. L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Ph

The degradation of chlorpyriphos by different advanced oxidation processes such as photo-Fenton, TiO2, TiO2/H2O2, O3 and O3/H2O2 was investigated. The photo-Fenton and TiO2 processes were optimized using a solar chamber as light source. The optimum dosages of the photo-Fenton treatment were: [H2O2]=0.01 M; [Fe3 + ]=10 mg l−1; initial pH = 3.5. With these optimum conditions total degradation was observed after 15 minutes of reaction time. The application of sunlight was also efficient as total degradation was achieved after 60 minutes. The optimum dosage using only TiO2 as catalyst was 1,000 mg l−1, obtaining the maximum degradation at 20 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, the addition of 0.02 M of H2O2 to a lower dosage of TiO2 (10 mg l−1) provides the same degradation. The ozonation treatment achieved complete degradation at 30 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, it was observed that the degradation was faster by adding H2O2 (H2O2/O3 molar ratio = 0.5). In this case, total degradation was observed after 20 minutes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document