Permeation of Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen and Tritium Atoms through Lead

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2406-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bansi L. Muju ◽  
Frank R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Metal Lattice ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
A Current ◽  
Lead Foil

Radiochemical and electrochemical evidence is presented that electrochemically generated tritium and hydrogen atoms permeate through lead foil at measureable rates at room temperature. The permeation process is controlled by diffusion through the metal lattice, Fick's First Law being obeyed by both H and 3H atoms. Using earlier measurements of the diffusivity of H in Pb, H and 3H concentrations of 4 × 10−7 and 9 × 10−13 g-atom cm−3 are computed for a current density of 53 mA cm−2 at the Pb cathode surface.The overall hydrogen-tritium separation factor, ST is apparently 0.3 ± 0.15, in contrast to Bockris and Srinivasan's 6.7 and 7.2 for cathodic gas evolution from acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Reasons are suggested for this large difference.

MOF-derived hierarchical 3D bi-doped CoP nanoflower eletrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline media

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (56) ◽  
pp. 7702-7705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Hui Xue ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Tianshan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Acidic Electrolyte ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
A Current

A 3D hierarchical Bi-doped CoP nanoflowers electrocatalyst is developed based on a MOF self-sacrifice strategy. The 3% Bi/CoP catalyst delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotentials of 122 mV in alkaline electrolyte and 150 mV in acidic electrolyte.

scholarly journals Superior FexN electrocatalyst derived from 1,1′-diacetylferrocene for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline and acidic media

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Hunan Jiang ◽  
Jinyang Li ◽  
Mengni Liang ◽  
Hanpeng Deng ◽  
Zuowan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
The Stability

AbstractAlthough Fe–N/C catalysts have received increasing attention in recent years for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is still challenging to precisely control the active sites during the preparation. Herein, we report FexN@RGO catalysts with the size of 2–6 nm derived from the pyrolysis of graphene oxide and 1,1′-diacetylferrocene as C and Fe precursors under the NH3/Ar atmosphere as N source. The 1,1′-diacetylferrocene transforms to Fe3O4 at 600°C and transforms to Fe3N and Fe2N at 700°C and 800°C, respectively. The as-prepared FexN@RGO catalysts exhibited superior electrocatalytic activities in acidic and alkaline media compared with the commercial 10% Pt/C, in terms of electrochemical surface area, onset potential, half-wave potential, number of electrons transferred, kinetic current density, and exchange current density. In addition, the stability of FGN-8 also outperformed commercial 10% Pt/C after 10000 cycles, which demonstrates the as-prepared FexN@RGO as durable and active ORR catalysts in acidic media.

Formation of Buried Sio2 By High Dose Implantation of Oxygen at Room and Liquid Nitroeen Temperatures

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Namavar ◽  
J. I. Budnick ◽  
F. H. Sanchez ◽  
H. C. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Crystalline Quartz ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
High Dose Implantation ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACTWe have carried out a study to understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of buried SIO2 by high dose implantation of oxygen into Si targets. Oxygen ions were implanted at 150 keV with doses up to 2.5 X 1018 ions/cm2 and a current density of less than 10 μA/cm2 into Si 〈100〉 at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. In-situ Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis clearly indicates the formation of uniform buried SIO2 for both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures for doses above 1.5 X 1018/cm2.Oxygen ions were implanted at room temperature into crystalline quartz to doses of about 1018 ions cm2 at 150 keV, with a current density of 〈10〉10 μA/cm2. The RBS spectra of the oxygen implanted quartz cannot be distinguished from those of unimplanted ones. Furthermore, Si ions were implanted into crystalline quartz at 80 keV and dose of 1 X 1017 Si/cm2, and a current aensity of about 1 μA/cm2. However, no signal from Si in excess of the SiO2 ratio could be observed. Our results obtained by RBS show that implantation of either Si+ or O into SiO2 under conditions stated above does not create a layer whose Si:O ratio differs measurably from that of SiO2.

Silicon Carbide Vertical JFET Operating at High Temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Vassilevski ◽  
Keith P. Hilton ◽  
Nicolas G. Wright ◽  
Michael J. Uren ◽  
A.G. Munday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
A Current

Trenched and implanted vertical JFETs (TI-VJFETs) with blocking voltages of 700 V were fabricated on commercial 4H-SiC epitaxial wafers. Vertical p+-n junctions were formed by aluminium implantation in sidewalls of strip-like mesa structures. Normally-on 4H-SiC TI-VJFETs had specific on-state resistance (RO-S ) of 8 mW×cm2 measured at room temperature. These devices operated reversibly at a current density of 100 A/cm2 whilst placed on a hot stage at temperature of 500 °C and without any protective atmosphere. The change of RO-S with temperature rising from 20 to 500 °C followed a power law (~ T 2.4) which is close to the temperature dependence of electron mobility in 4H-SiC.

An advanced and highly efficient Ce assisted NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsharaj S. Jadhav ◽  
Animesh Roy ◽  
Bezawit Z. Desalegan ◽  
Jeong Gil Seo
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
A Cell ◽  
A Current

A room-temperature synthesized NiFeCe2 electrocatalyst delivered a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V when used as the electrolyzer.

scholarly journals Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7094-7099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun (Kelvin) Fu ◽  
Yunhui Gong ◽  
Jiaqi Dai ◽  
Amy Gong ◽  
Xiaogang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
A Current

Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium’s highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion–conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li+ transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium–sulfur batteries.

scholarly journals Magnetic and electrochemical properties of nickel oxide microstructures prepared by hydrothermal method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2145 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
N Boonraksa ◽  
S Maensiri ◽  
E Swatsitang ◽  
K Wongsaprom
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Galvanostatic Charge ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitance ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behaviour ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
A Current

Abstract Nickel oxide microstructures were succesfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, surface and porosity of the NiO hexagonal plates indicated the formation of NiO without appearing any secondary phases, occupying the typical cubic structure. The ferromagnetic behaviour was examined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The sample exhibited ferromagnetic behaviour at room-temperature with the magnetic moment value of ~ 160 memu/g. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) anylysis were used to examine the electrochemical capacitance of the sample. The specific capacitance of the sample at a current density of 1 A/g was obtained to be 174.14 F/g. The cycle stability was excellent usability 76.6% after 500 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g.

Liquid Phase Electroepitaxial (LPEE) Growth of GaSb and GaInAsSb

1989 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi N. Iyer ◽  
Ali Abul-Fadl ◽  
Albert T. Macrander ◽  
Jonathan H.Lewis ◽  
Ward J. Collis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Room Temperature Photoluminescence ◽  
A Current

AbstractLiquid phase electroepitaxial technique has been used for the growth of GaSb and GalnAsSb in the composition range corresponding to peak band gap wavelengths of 1.7-2.28μm. The growth rate of these layers were examined as a function of current density. The growth rates of these layers are typically 0.8μm/min. at a current density of 10A/cm2. The quality of the layers was evaluated by x-ray diffraction and room temperature photoluminescence.

Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of the Amorphous Alloy Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6

CORROSION ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Tong ◽  
J. E. Macur
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Fracture Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
A Current

Abstract Room temperature hydrogen embrittlement behavior of the amorphous alloy Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6 was studied under various conditions. Hydrogen charging was performed in a 1N H2SO4 solution at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility was determined using the constant extension rate technique at an extension rate of 5.0×10−4 cm/S. The fracture stress decreased significantly on the hydrogenized specimen. However, recovery of this fracture stress was observed as a function of degassing time at room temperature. The fracture morphology of the specimens with/without hydrogen charging was also studied.

An Fe(TCNQ)2 nanowire array on Fe foil: an efficient non-noble-metal catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 2300-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maowen Xie ◽  
Xiaoli Xiong ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Xifeng Shi ◽  
Abdullah M. Asiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Noble Metal Catalyst ◽  
A Current

An Fe-(tetracyanoquinodimethane)2 nanowire array in situ developed on Fe foil (Fe(TCNQ)2/Fe) acts as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for water oxidation, needing an overpotential of 340 mV to attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.

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