Foliar fungal endophytes from two species of the mangrove Rhizophora

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Suryanarayanan ◽  
V Kumaresan ◽  
J A Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of Rhizophora apiculata Bl. and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., two typical mangrove plants growing in the Pichavaram mangrove of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Three hundred leaf segments from each plant species were sampled during dry and rainy months. More endophytes could be isolated during the rainy months than during the dry period. Hyphomycetes and sterile forms were more prevalent than ascomycetes or coelomycetes. Sporormiella minima, Acremonium sp. strain MG1 and a sterile fungus (MG90) were isolated from both plants irrespective of the season. Some endophytes were common to both plants, although a few appeared to be host specific. This is the first report on fungal endophytes in leaves of mangrove plants in India.Key words: endophytic fungi, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, mangrove, leaves.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Chaithra ◽  
S. Vanitha ◽  
A. Ramanathan ◽  
V. Jegadeeshwari ◽  
V. Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Aim: To identify cocoa associated endophytic fungi through morphological and molecular techniques. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu from April 2018 to November 2019. Methodology: Endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from different parts of cocoa using Petrini method. Isolated endophytic fungal strains were grown in Malt extract broth and total genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using universal primers ITS1F and ITS4R. Amplified rDNA was visualized and documented. Results: Morphological and molecular characterization of six endophytic fungi revealed that they are from four different taxa viz., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae PAK-7, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P11, Arthrinium rasikravindrae P12, Diaporthe sp. Vef-3, Lasiodiplodia theobromae TN-R-3,  Colletotrichum sp. TN-9-2 belonging to four different families viz., Botryosphaeriaceae, Apiosporaceae, Diaporthaceae and Glomorellaceae under Phylum Ascomycota. Conclusion:  The present study indicates the distribution and diversity of fungal endophytes in different plant parts of the cocoa tree in south India.

scholarly journals Diversity of Marine Macro-Algicolous Endophytic Fungi and Cytotoxic Potential of Biscogniauxia petrensis Metabolites Against Cancer Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadarsini Sahoo ◽  
Kamalraj Subban ◽  
Jayabaskaran Chelliah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
A431 Cells

Hypersaline environments are known to support diverse fungal species from various orders. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies that fungi adopt to thrive under such extreme environments, bringing up the stress tolerance response. Some such unique secondary metabolites also exhibit clinical significance. The increasing prevalence of drug resistance in cancer therapy demands further exploration of these novel bioactive compounds as cancer therapeutics. In the present study, a total of 31 endophytic fungi harboring inside red, green, and brown marine algae have been isolated and identified. The maximum likelihood analysis and diversity indices of fungal endophytes revealed the phylogenetic relationship and species richness. The genus Aspergillus was found to be the dominating fungus, followed by Cladosporium spp. All the isolated endophytic fungal extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and A431 cancer cell lines. Nine isolates were further analyzed for their cytotoxic activity from the culture filtrate and mycelia extract. Among these isolates, Biscogniauxia petrensis showed potential cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 18.04 and 24.85 μg/ml against HeLa and A431 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the media and solvent extraction optimization revealed the highest cytotoxic active compounds in ethyl acetate extract from the potato dextrose yeast extract broth medium. The compound-induced cell death via apoptosis was 50–60 and 45% when assayed using propidium iodide-live/dead and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential assay, respectively, in HeLa cells. Four bioactive fractions (bioassay-based) were obtained and analyzed using chromatography and spectroscopy. This study reports, for the first time, the cytotoxic activity of an endophytic fungal community that was isolated from marine macro-algae in the Rameswaram coastal region of Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, B. petrensis is a prominent apoptotic agent, which can be used in pharmaceutical applications as a therapeutic.

Fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Basavanna Mahesh ◽  
Monnanda S Nalini ◽  
Harishchandra S Prakash ◽  
Kukkundoor R Kini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Individual Trees

Endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. They represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. Fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely Terminalia arjuna, Crataeva magna, Azadirachta indica, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Terminalia chebula, and Butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern India. Forty-eight fungal species were recovered from 2200 bark segments. Mitosporic fungi represented a major group (61%), with ascomycetes (21%) and sterile mycelia (18%) the next major groups. Species of Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Chaetomium were frequently isolated. Exclusive fungal taxa were recovered from five of the six plant species considered for the study of endophytic fungi. Rarefaction indices for species richness indicated the highest expected number of species for bark segments were isolated from T. arjuna and A. indica (20 species each) and from C. magna (18 species).Key words: bark, endophytes, medicinal trees, southern India.

scholarly journals Bovine Visceral Schistosomosis Caused By Schistosoma Indicum in Migrant Cattle Slaughtered at Chennai City, Southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Mamane ◽  
Narayanaperumal Jeyathilakan ◽  
Bhaskaran Ravi Latha ◽  
T.M.A. Senthilkumar ◽  
Raja P
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
First Report ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Chennai City

Abstract One hundred and eighty mesentery samples of cattle were collected during a period of October 2019- March 2020 for screening visceral schistosomosis from Perambur slaughter house, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Schistosoma indicum was identified in eleven mesenteries of Nellore breed of cattle based on morphology and worm number varied from 1-114 per mesentry. Molecular confirmation based on 16s RNA revealed it to be S. indicum. It was found that the infection of S. indicum in cattle was first report in Tamil Nadu in last two decades. The slaughtered cattle originated from neighboring states especially Andhrapradesh. The tract of infection needs to be traced accordingly for future control strategies. Awareness must be created among the livestock farmers to prevent production loss due to S. indicum infection while purchasing cattle from neighboring states within India.

scholarly journals How significant are endophytic fungi in bromeliad seeds and seedlings? Effects on germination, survival and performance of two epiphytic plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Leroy ◽  
Arthur QuyManh Maes ◽  
Eliane Louisanna ◽  
Nathalie Séjalon-Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Epiphytic Plant ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Sultan M. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Emad El-Din Ewais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Grapevine Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Accumulation and Stilbene Production by the In Vitro Cultivated Cells of Vitis amurensis Rupr.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Olga A. Aleynova ◽  
Andrey R. Suprun ◽  
Nikolay N. Nityagovsky ◽  
Alexandra S. Dubrovina ◽  
Konstantin V. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Grape Cell ◽  
Stilbene Biosynthesis

Plant endophytes are known to alter the profile of secondary metabolites in plant hosts. In this study, we identified the main bacterial and fungal representatives of the wild grape Vitis amurensis Rupr. microbiome and investigated a cocultivation effect of the 14 endophytes and the V. amurensis cell suspension on biomass accumulation and stilbene biosynthesis. The cocultivation of the V. amurensis cell culture with the bacteria Agrobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., and Curtobacterium sp. for 2 weeks did not significantly affect the accumulation of cell culture fresh biomass. However, it was significantly inhibited by the bacteria Erwinia sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Xanthomonas sp. and fungi Alternaria sp., Biscogniauxia sp., Cladosporium sp., Didymella sp. 2, and Fusarium sp. Cocultivation of the grapevine cell suspension with the fungi Didymella sp. 1 and Trichoderma sp. resulted in cell death. The addition of endophytic bacteria increased the total stilbene content by 2.2–5.3 times, while the addition of endophytic fungi was more effective in inducing stilbene accumulation by 2.6–16.3 times. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic fungi was 13.63 and 13.76 mg/g of the cell dry weight (DW) after cultivation with Biscogniauxia sp. and Didymella sp. 2, respectively. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic bacteria was 4.49 mg/g DW after cultivation with Xanthomonas sp. The increase in stilbene production was due to a significant activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS) gene expression. We also analyzed the sensitivity of the selected endophytes to eight antibiotics, fluconazole, and trans-resveratrol. The endophytic bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin and kanamycin, while all selected fungal strains were resistant to fluconazole with the exception of Cladosporium sp. All endophytes were tolerant of trans-resveratrol. This study showed that grape endophytes stimulate the production of stilbenes in grape cell suspension, which could further contribute to the generation of a new stimulator of stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine or grape cell cultures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document