Dissolved carbon and nitrogen leaching following variable logging-debris retention and competing-vegetation control in Douglas-fir plantations of western Oregon and Washington

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Stephen H. Schoenholtz ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
Brian D. Strahm
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
C And N

We examined the effect of logging-debris retention and competing-vegetation control (CVC, initial or annual applications) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen, and nitrate-N leaching to determine the relative potential of these practices to contribute to soil C and N loss at two contrasting sites. Annual CVC resulted in higher soil water nitrate-N concentration and flux, with the magnitude and duration of the effect greatest at the high-N site. Most of the increase in nitrate-N at the low-N site occurred in treatments where logging debris was retained. Dissolved organic nitrogen increased at the high-N site in March of each year following annual CVC, but the contribution of this increase to total N concentration was small (2%–4% of total N flux). There was no effect of logging-debris retention or CVC treatment on soil water DOC concentrations, indicating that DOC inputs from logging debris and competing vegetation were either retained or consumed in the mineral soil. The estimated increase in leaching flux of dissolved C and N associated with the treatments was low relative to total soil pools, making it unlikely that loss of these elements via leaching will negatively affect future soil productivity at these sites.

scholarly journals Inorganic and Organic Losses of Nitrogen from Upland Regions of Britain: Concentrations and Fluxes

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Chapman ◽  
A.C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The nitrogen (N) composition of streams draining eight upland regions of Britain was compared using monthly samples collected between April 1997 and April 1998. Stream samples were analysed for total N (TN), particulate N (PN), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Concentrations of TN were small, generally less than 1.5 mg N l�1, were dominated by dissolved forms of N, and varied significantly between regions. NO3 accounted for the majority of variability. Concentrations of DON also varied between regions but to a smaller extent than those of NO3. There were considerable variations in TN fluxes between upland regions, which ranged between 3.8 and 16.1 kg N ha�1 year�1. The majority of the variation was due to NO3 fluxes, which were largest in regions receiving largest inputs of atmospheric N deposition and ranged between 1.4 and 13.5 kg N ha�1 year�1. Fluxes of DON ranged between 1 and 3.5 kg N ha�1 year�1, while fluxes of PN were generally less than 0.5 kg N ha�1 year�11, and NH4 fluxes ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 kg N ha�1 year�11. NO3 was the dominant fraction (47�84%) of N exported from all upland regions except the Highlands, where DON accounted for 52% of the TN flux. This study has shown that the DON fraction is an important component of the total N transported by upland streams in Britain.

Diagnostic nitrogen concentrations for tomatoes grown in sand culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
G Rose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Values ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

The tomato cv. Flora-Dade was grown in sand culture with 4 nitrogen (N) levels of 1.07-32.14 mmol L-1 applied as nitrate each day in a complete nutrient solution. The youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL) and remaining (bulked) leaves were harvested at regular intervals over the 16-week growth period. Standard laboratory leaf total and nitrate N determinations were conducted in addition to rapid nitrate determinations on YFOL petiole sap. The relationships between plant growth and leaf N concentration, which were significantly affected by N application level, were used to derive diagnostic leaf N concentrations. Critical and adequate concentrations in petiole sap of nitrate-N, leaf nitrate-N and total N for the YFOL and bulked leaf N were determined from the relationship between growth rate relative to maximum at each sampling time and leaf N concentration. YFOL petiole sap nitrate-N concentration, which can be measured rapidly in the field by using commercial test strips, gave the most sensitive guide to plant N status. Critical values of 770-1 120 mg L-I were determined over the 10-week period after transplanting (first mature fruit). YFOL (leaf + petiole) total N concentration was the most consistent indicator of plant N status where critical values of4.45-4.90% were recorded over the 4- 12 week period after transplanting (early harvests at 12 weeks). This test was less sensitive but more precise than the petiole sap nitrate test. The concentrations of N, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in YFOL and bulked leaf corresponding to the N treatments producing maximum growth rates are presented, because nutrient supply was close to optimum and the leaf nutrient concentrations can be considered as adequate levels.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
H. Biemond ◽  
J. Vos ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Final Harvest

Three greenhouse trials and one field trial were carried out on Brussels sprout cv. Icarus SG2004 in which the treatments consisted of different N amounts and application dates. DM and N accumulation in stems, apical buds and groups of leaf blades, petioles and sprouts were measured frequently throughout crop growth. Total amounts of accumulated DM and N were affected by amount of N applied and date of application, but the final harvest indexes for DM and N (0.10-0.35 and 0.20-0.55, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatments in most experiments. Nitrate N concentrations were only high (up to about 2%) shortly after planting. The total N concentration of leaf blades and petioles increased with increasing leaf number. This increase resulted from a decreasing N concentration during the leaf's life. The total N concentration in sprouts changed little with leaf number.

Nitrate‐N and Total N Concentration Relationships in Several Plant Species 1

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Terman ◽  
J. C. Noggle ◽  
C. M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration

The effect of interval between harvests and nitrogen application on the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in the total herbage, green leaf and ‘stem’ of grasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
P. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Time Of Year

SummaryThe effect of six intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the concentration of nitrate-N and total N in total herbage, green leaf and ‘stem’ was studied in two varieties of perennial ryegrass during 30-week periods in each of the first two harvest years of a field experiment. The effect of two intervals between harvests on the concentration of nitrate-N in Italian ryegrass total herbage was studied in the same experiment. The effect of two intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the concentrations of nitrate-N and total N in total herbage was studied in five grasses during a 32-week period in a second field experiment.Increasing the interval between harvests tended to increase the concentration of nitrate-N in herbage; however, this seemed due mainly to the average date of harvest being later in the year with the longer intervals. The concentration of nitrate-N in herbage increased from June to September. Italian and hybrid ryegrass and tall fescue were much higher than perennial ryegrass in nitrate-N concentration at the highest level of applied N (525 kgN/ha per year). Apart from the species and time of year effects, the nitrate-N concentration seemed to be determined mainly by the amount of N applied divided by the number of days between the date of application and the date of sampling. The ‘stem’ of perennial ryegrasa tended to be slightly higher in nitrate-N concentration than green leaf. The proportion of nitrate-N in total N was increased by increasing the interval between harvests and by applying N and was nearly twice as high in ‘stem’ as in green leaf. Both the nitrate-N and the total N concentration of herbage, particularly the latter, seemed to be inversely related to solar radiation receipt.

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and petiolar nutrient concentration of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cvv. Kennebec and Atlantic

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AP Dahlenburg ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Potato Crops

Data are presented from 3 field experiments that studied the effects of nitrogen (N) up to 360 kg N/ha, phosphorus (P) up to 100 kg P/ha, and potassium (K) up to 480 kg K/ha on tuber yield and the concentration of N, P, and K in petioles of youngest fully expanded leaves (P-YFEL) of potato cvv. Kennebec and Atlantic sampled when the length of the longest tubers was 10-15 mm. Data on the significance of relationships between total N and P, total N and nitrate-N, and chloride and nitrate-N in P-YFEL are also presented. At 1 site, Atlantic yielded 18% higher than Kennebec; at another, it yielded 21% less. Significant K x cv. and N x cv. interactions occurred at some sites. Increasing rates of applied N significantly increased total N concentrations in P-YFEL at all sites and nitrate-N concentrations at sites that were N-deficient. At 1 site, increasing the rate of applied P from nil to 100 kg P/ha significantly increased total N concentration from 2.8 to 3.4%. Total N concentrations in P-YFEL of Atlantic were significantly lower than Kennebec. For total N, there were significant N x K and P x cv. interactions. There was no significant interaction between N, P, and K in their effects on nitrate-N concentration in P-YFEL. At all sites, the application of N and P significantly increased P concentrations in P-YFEL, and mean concentrations were significantly greater in Kennebec than Atlantic. At sites deficient in K, the application of K significantly decreased P concentration. Significant N x cv. and P x cv. interactions occurred at 2 sites. At both K-deficient and non-responsive sites, increasing rates of applied K significantly increased K concentrations in P-YFEL. Differences between cultivars in K concentration were not significant at 2 sites, and although significant at the third, the difference (0.2%) was of little practical importance. At 2 sites, significant N x K and K x P interactions were found. Significant positive linear relationships were found between total N and P concentrations in P-YFEL for both the experimental sites (r = 0.46-0.84) and commercial crops (r = 0.43-0.61). Except at site 1 (r = 0.85), total N and nitrate-N concentrations were not highly correlated. For 1 experimental site and for all the growing regions, there were significant negative linear relationships between nitrate-N and chloride concentrations in P-YFEL (r = -0.38 to -0.83). We suggest that the synergism between total N and P and the negative correlation between nitrate N and chloride are important factors to be considered to ensure reliable interpretation of early-season, petiole plant test data for these nutrients in potato crops; that the critical P and total N concentrations are different for Kennebec and Atlantic; and that when K is not yield-limiting, the main effects and interactions between K and total N, P, or nitrate-N do not confound the use of these nutrients in P-YFEL to assess the P, N, or K status of potato crops.

Within-season grass herbage crude-protein- and nitrate-N concentrations as affected by rates and seasonal distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in a high yearly rainfall climate

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Single Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Poor Indicator

An orchardgrass study in which three rates of N (100, 200 and 400 kg ha−1) each distributed in 1/0/0/0, 0.75/0.25/0/0, 0.50/0.25/0.25/0 and 0.25/0.25/0.25/0.25 proportions prior to four cut intervals examined crude-protein-N and nitrate-N concentrations in grass herbage at each cut in three trials. Crude-protein-N concentration frequently increased to a greater degree and in a different pattern (based on cut) than yield as the rate of N application increased. This showed that crude-protein-N by itself cannot be used as a method for determining the N sufficiency status of grass. Both rate and distribution of fertilizer N strongly influenced plant nitrate-N concentration; the degree of change varied considerably among cuts and trials. Plant nitrate-N concentration in the control did not correspond to yield responsiveness to N application, making it a poor indicator of the plant's need for fertilizer applications. Residual effects of N applications on plant nitrate-N were noted into the last cut of the season from a single spring application. The effect of N rate and distribution, then, was a function of immediate and residual effects of the applications. There was some evidence that N present in the soil in nitrate-N form enhanced the potential for high nitrate-N in the plant. Plant nitrate-N concentrations accounted for up to 29% of the total N in the plant with concentrations greater than 4000 mg N kg−1 at the highest N application rates. Plant nitrate-N did not exceed 1000 mg N kg−1, a concentration considered safe for ruminants, when 75 kg N ha−1 or less ammonium nitrate was applied as a single application prior to a growth interval for all cuts. Since grass protein- and nitrate-N concentrations respond differently than yield to N applications, a specific combination of rate and distribution of fertilizer will not necessarily produce maximum herbage quantity and quality simultaneously. Key words: Crude-protein-N, plant nitrate-N, residual effect, split applications

Long-term effects on soil-water nitrogen and pH of clearcutting and simulated disc trenching of previously nitrogen-fertilised pine plots

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123
Author(s):  
Eva Ring ◽  
Lars Högbom ◽  
Staffan Jacobson ◽  
Gunnar Jansson ◽  
Hans-Örjan Nohrstedt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Experimental Plots

Forest fertilisation with nitrogen (N) typically increases N leaching for 1–2 years. Some studies have reported effects also after clearcutting. This study presents an analysis of soil-water chemistry data from the 3rd to the 15th year after clearcutting of fertilised experimental plots on a low-fertility site in Sweden. Before clearcutting in 1987, study plots had been fertilised with NH4NO3 in 1967, 1974, and 1981, resulting in total applications ranging from 0 to 1800 kg N·ha−1. In 1989, disc trenching was simulated by manual digging on small subplots within the fertilised main plots. Soil-water samples were collected at a depth of 50 cm. Previous N fertilisation and site preparation, respectively, affected (p < 0.05) the total N and NO3–-N concentrations and pH of soil water, but no statistical interaction between fertilisation and site preparation was found. The NO3–-N concentration was elevated for total N applications above 720 kg·ha−1 (mean NO3–-N concentration of 0.93 mg·L−1 for 1080 kg N·ha−1, 1.6 mg·L−1 for 1440 kg N·ha−1, and 2.4 mg·L−1 for 1800 kg N·ha−1 compared with 0.20 mg·L−1 for the control) and lower after simulated disc trenching (0.63 mg·L−1) than in nontrenched soil (1.3 mg·L−1). The elevations in the soil-water NO3–-N concentration for the fertiliser treatments seemed to be related to changes in the soil N store created by previous fertilisation.

Assessment of the nitrogen and potassium status of irrigated Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera) by plant analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
CMJ Williams ◽  
NA Maier
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Status

Four field experiments were carried out during 1992-93 (sites 1 and 2) and 1993-94 (sites 3 and 4) to assess the effects of nitrogen (N), at rates up to 600 kgha, and potassium (K), at rates up to 300 kgha, on total N, nitrate-N and K concentrations in petioles of the youngest fully expanded leaves (P-YFEL) of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). The experiments were located in commercial plantings in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Plant samples were collected at 2-4-week intervals from 4 to 28 weeks after the plants were transplanted. Temporal or seasonal variation, and the effects on concentrations of total N, nitrate-N and K of sampling leaves next in age (YFEL-1 to YFEL+2) to the index leaf, were also studied. Total N concentration in P-YFEL was more sensitive to variations in N supply than nitrate-N at all sites. Total N and nitrate-N concentrations in petioles also varied with the age of the leaf sampled. Total N concentrations in petioles of leaves sampled 4-16 weeks after transplanting decreased with increasing leaf age. In contrast, nitrate-N concentrations in petioles sampled 4-8 weeks after transplanting increased with leaf age. Potassium concentrations in petioles did not vary consistently between leaves of different age. From 4 to 6 weeks after transplanting, relationships between total N or nitrate-N concentrations in P-YFEL and relative total yield were not significant (P>0.05), therefore, critical concentrations could not be determined. Linear and quadratic models were used to study the relationships between total N and nitrate-N concentration in P-YFEL and relative total yield during 8-28 weeks after transplanting. Total N concentrations accounted for a greater amount of variation in relative total yield at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 and 28 weeks after transplanting compared with nitrate-N. Coefficients of determination (r2) were in the range 0.52-0.93. Relationships between nitrate-N concentration in P-YFEL and relative total yield were only significant 8, 10, 14 and 16 weeks after transplanting and 9 values were in the range 0.49-0.82. Critical concentrations for total N decreased from 3.13-3.44% at 10 weeks to 1.22-1.38% at 28 weeks after transplanting. This decrease highlights the importance of carefully defining sampling time to ensure correct interpretation of plant test data. Potassium concentrations also decreased between 4 and 28 weeks after transplanting. Critical concentrations were not determined for K, because the crops at all sites did not respond significantly (P>0.05) to applied K. Based on sensitivity (as indicated by the range in tissue concentrations in response to variations in N supply) and on the correlations between total N and nitrate-N concentrations and relative total yield, we concluded that total N was better than nitrate-N as an indicator of plant N status and yield response of Brussels sprouts. We suggested that growers sample P-YFEL several times during the growing season, starting 10 weeks after transplanting. Plant analysis can be used to monitor N status and to detect N deficiencies which may arise during the growing season of Brussels sprouts which may be up to 9 months duration. Growers can adjust their fertiliser N program to ensure deficiencies are quickly corrected.

Effect of N Fertilization on Dry Matter Yield, Total‐N, N Recovery, and Nitrate‐N Concentration of Three Cool‐Season Forage Grass Species 1

1973 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. George ◽  
C. L. Rhykerd ◽  
C. H. Noller ◽  
J. E. Dillon ◽  
J. C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration
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