Chemical pretreatment of Thuja occidentalis tree rings: implications for dendroisotopic studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1777-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Au ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Isotopic Signatures

Whether or not extractives, lignin, and (or) hemicelluloses, all of which have specific isotopic signatures, should be removed prior to dendroisotopic analysis is still debated. This study reports the range of modern tree-ring δ13C values of cellulose from Thuja occidentalis L., a species that has been under-utilized in dendroisotopic research despite its broad distribution and great longevity in North America. The main objective of the study was to recommend a wood component from T. occidentalis to isolate for future δ13C dendroisotopic analyses. Annually resolved tree-ring decadal segments common to eight T. occidentalis trees were excised from cross sections and homogenized. The tree-ring decadal segment from each tree was then chemically processed from untreated whole wood to extractive-free wood, to holocellulose, and to α-cellulose. Subsamples were analyzed for δ13C, percent carbon, and percent yield after each stage of chemical treatment. We recommend that holocellulose be extracted for T. occidentalis, as the α-cellulose yield may be too low when tree-ring samples are very small. The δ13C values for T. occidentalis tree rings were found to be enriched with respect to those for needle-leaved conifers but in close agreement with those reported in the literature for other scale-leaved evergreens.

Drought signals inferred from ring-width and stable carbon isotope chronologies from Thuja occidentalis trees growing at their northwestern distribution limit, central Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Au ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Central Canada

Stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) fixed in tree rings are dependent upon environmental conditions. Old northern white-cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) trees were sampled at their northwestern limit of distribution in central Canada. The objectives of the study were (i) to investigate the association between tree-ring δ13C values and radial growth in addition to the response of these variables to climate, (ii) to assess site differences between two sites varying in moisture regime, and (iii) to compare tree-ring δ13C of T. occidentalis with that of other boreal tree species growing at the northern limit of their distribution in central Canada. Over 2500 tree rings comprised of 15 T. occidentalis trees were analyzed for δ13C. Annually resolved δ13C (1650–2006) and ring-width (1542–2006) chronologies were developed. During the year of ring formation, ring width was associated with spring and early-summer conditions, whereas δ13C was more indicative of overall summer conditions. However, compared with δ13C values, ring width was more often associated with climate conditions in the year prior to ring formation. Conditions conducive to moisture stress were important for both parameters. Although ring width and δ13C corresponded to the drought intervals of the 1790s, 1840s, 1890s, 1930s, and 1960–1970, ring width may be more responsive to prolonged drought than δ13C. Tree-ring δ13C could, however, provide important information regarding physiological adaptations to drought.

scholarly journals Tree ring growth and stable isotopes as potential indicators of historical seabird activities on forested islands in coastal British Columbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Reimchen ◽  
S. McGehee ◽  
B. W. Glickman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Seabird Guano

We examined yearly rings from increment cores of conifers on two seabird nesting islands (one in the Lucy Islands and one in the Rankine Islands, British Columbia), to determine whether trees contained signatures of historical activity of seabirds. Ten conifers (primarily Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis), ranging from 56 cm to 127 cm diameter (average 90 cm) and ranging from 70 to 232 years in age (average 132 years of age), were cored across a 200-m gradient in densities of seabird burrows. At the site in the lucy Islands, annual growth was highest (8–14 mm) in the trees with the highest seabird burrow densities and highest in the earliest rings (~1930), which were followed by a fluctuating reduction down to ~2 mm/year in the year 2000, but with a secondary elevated growth period in the 1970s. Adjacent control trees without seabird burrows had a growth rate of ~2 mm/year throughout the same period. At the site in the Rankine Islands, growth rates were also variable and exhibited a 10–15 year non-synchronous periodicity, with the highest growths in the location with high seabird burrow density. Nitrogen isotope signatures (δ15N), which are greatly elevated in seabird guano, ranged from minus 3.9% to 17.4% among tree rings (n = 245 rings) and were positively correlated to percentage nitrogen in rings, average ring growth, and burrow densities. Using these methods, we infer from our tree ring data that seabird activity declined on the lucy Islands over a 70-year period and that the combination of growth, nitrogen isotopic signatures, and percentage nitrogen in tree rings as well a more detailed sampling grid of target and adjacent control trees will provide seabird biologists with additional tools for evaluating spatial and historical trends in seabird activity on forested islands.

Dendrochronology of Quercus ilex L. and its potential use for climate reconstruction in the Mediterranean region

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2486-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Campelo ◽  
C. Nabais ◽  
I. García-González ◽  
P. Cherubini ◽  
E. Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
The Mediterranean

Holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) is a long-lived species widely distributed across the Mediterranean Basin, with potential value for dendrochronology and dendroclimatology. However, tree-ring dating in Q. ilex is a complex task that has limited the number of dendrochronological studies using this evergreen species. In the present work, it was investigated if old Q. ilex trees showed annual tree rings and whether they can be used as climate proxies. A long tree-ring chronology (126 years) of Q. ilex was developed using cross sections of 20 trees from the Guadiana river basin (Portugal). The high correlation among tree-ring series suggested that tree growth was controlled mainly by climate. Response function analysis showed a positive correlation between tree-ring width and precipitation from October(t–1) of the previous year to January(t) of the current year and in May(t). Tree-ring width was negatively correlated with the North Atlantic oscillation that exerts a strong influence on the precipitation over Iberia. Negative pointer years were triggered by dry years and became more frequent during the last decade of the 20th century. In conclusion, it is possible to accurately date old Q. ilex trees, and their tree rings could be used for climate reconstructions across the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Nw Poland

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.

scholarly journals A Tree Ring Measurement Method Based on Error Correction in Digital Image of Stem Analysis Disk

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Tianzhong Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Su ◽  
Baoguo Wu ◽  
Zhiqiang Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Distortion Correction ◽  
Geometric Distortion ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Ring Radius

Stem analysis is an essential aspect in forestry investigation and forest management, as it is a primary method to study the growth law of trees. Stem analysis requires measuring the width and number of tree rings to ensure the accurate measurement, expand applicable tree species, and reduce operation cost. This study explores the use of Open Source Computer Vision Library (Open CV) to measure the ring radius of analytic wood disk digital images, and establish a regression equation of ring radius based on image geometric distortion correction. Here, a digital camera was used to photograph the stem disks’ tree rings to obtain digital images. The images were preprocessed with Open CV to measure the disk’s annual ring radius. The error correction model based on the least-square polynomial fitting method was established for digital image geometric distortion correction. Finally, a regression equation for tree ring radius based on the error correction model was established. Through the above steps, click the intersection point between the radius line and each ring to get the pixel distance from the ring to the pith, then the size of ring radius can be calculated by the regression equation of ring radius. The study’s method was used to measure the digital image of the Chinese fir stem disk and compare it with the actual value. The results showed that the maximum error of this method was 0.15 cm, the average error was 0.04 cm, and the average detection accuracy reached 99.34%, which met the requirements for measuring the tree ring radius by stem disk analysis. This method is simple, accurate, and suitable for coniferous and broad-leaved species, which allows researchers to analyze tree ring radius measurement, and is of great significance for analyzing the tree growth process.

scholarly journals ABSOLUTE DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL SCALE FOR PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) FROM UJŚCIE (NW POLAND), DATED USING RAPID ATMOSPHERIC 14C CHANGES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marek Krąpiec ◽  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Damian Wiktorowski ◽  
Monika Bolka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Nw Poland

ABSTRACT Radiocarbon (14C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating tree-ring sequences to within 1-year accuracy. While a number of studies have used the 774 even to secure floating tree-ring sequences, the less abrupt 993 event has not been so well utilized. This study dates a floating pine chronology from Ujście in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) (NW Poland), which covers the 10th century period and is critical for studies on the beginning of the Polish State to the calendar years 859–1085 AD using the changes in single year radiocarbon around 993/4 AD.

A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF ANOPLIUS TENUICORNIS (TOURNIER) IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
S. Koponen ◽  
M.S. Wasbauer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Holarctic Species

Anoplius tenuicornis (Tournier) is a holarctic species with a broad distribution both in Europe (Wolf 1967) and North America (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985). Despite the widespread occurrence of the species, individuals are not frequently encountered, so it is not surprising that biological information on it has not been available for North America and very little for Europe. Richards and Hamm (1939) gave two fragmentary reports of some significance on A. tenuicornis in England, reported as A. piliventris (Morawitz). In one case, cocoons of the wasp were found in dead thistle stems. In the other, an old burrow of Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius) (Sphecidae) (reported as Solenius) in rotten wood contained a series of wasp cocoons and fragments of clubionid spiders, the presumed prey.

scholarly journals Sampling density and date influence spatial representation of tree ring reconstructions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Maxwell ◽  
Grant L. Harley ◽  
Trevis J. Matheus ◽  
Brandon M. Strange ◽  
Kayla Van Aken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Ring Network ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The Us

Abstract. Our understanding of the natural variability of hydroclimate before the instrumental period (ca. 1900 in the United States; US) is largely dependent on tree-ring-based reconstructions. Large-scale soil moisture reconstructions from a network of tree-ring chronologies have greatly improved our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate conditions, particularly extremes of both drought and pluvial (wet) events. However, certain regions within these large-scale reconstructions in the US have a sparse network of tree-ring chronologies. Further, several chronologies were collected in the 1980s and 1990s, thus our understanding of the sensitivity of radial growth to soil moisture in the US is based on a period that experienced multiple extremely severe droughts and neglects the impacts of recent, rapid global change. In this study, we expanded the tree-ring network of the Ohio River Valley in the US, a region with sparse coverage. We used a total of 72 chronologies across 15 species to examine how increasing the density of the tree-ring network influences the representation of reconstructing the Palmer Meteorological Drought Index (PMDI). Further, we tested how the sampling date influenced the reconstruction models by creating reconstructions that ended in the year 1980 and compared them to reconstructions ending in 2010 from the same chronologies. We found that increasing the density of the tree-ring network resulted in reconstructed values that better matched the spatial variability of instrumentally recorded droughts and to a lesser extent, pluvials. By sampling tree in 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to PMDI decreased in the southern portion of our region where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades. We emphasize the need of building a high-density tree-ring network to better represent the spatial variability of past droughts and pluvials. Further, chronologies on the International Tree-Ring Data Bank need updating regularly to better understand how the sensitivity of tree rings to climate may vary through time.

scholarly journals The significance of compression wood in restoration of the leader in Pinus sihestris L. damaged by moose (Alces alces). II. Structure of growth rings in regenerating stems in relation to juvenile wood formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Molski
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Wood Compression

The corewood of pine ds very prone to compression wood formation, this changing the whole pattern of the tree ring structure and the siz.es of early and late wood. Compression wood always increases the formation of late wood at the expense of early wood. Tree rings with compression wood are generally wider than those without it, but there occur also tree rings wihout compression wood wider than those in which it is present, formed in the same year and in the same tree.

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