Neighborhood predictors of interspecific competition in young Douglas-fir plantations

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wagner ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Neighborhood Models

Neighborhood models describing the effect of interspecific competition on the height and stem diameter of 4- to 9-year-old saplings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were developed from site-preparation experiments in the Oregon Coast Range. The influence of abundance measures, height, distance, arid spatial arrangement of nonconiferous woody plants surrounding individual saplings was examined. Optimum neighborhood heights and radii were defined. The best interspecific competition index for predicting Douglas-fir height and stem diameter was total percent cover for all woody species within a 2.1-m radius. Visual estimates of neighbor cover were superior to objective measures of crown area. The cover of woody species equalling or exceeding the height of the tree provided the best prediction for tree height. Woody species cover equalling or exceeding one-half the height of the tree provided the best index for predicting stem diameter. Accounting for the spatial arrangement of neighboring woody plants did not improve the competition index. Interaction between the competition index and tree age indicated that the negative effect of interspecific competition on Douglas-fir size increased with time. The age-adjusted competition index accounted for 11% of the variation in height and 19% of the variation in stem diameter. Douglas-fir stem diameter was more sensitive to neighboring woody plants than was height.

Post-fire resprouting of Colophospermum mopane saplings in a southern African savanna

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Mlambo ◽  
Isaac Mapaure
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tropical Savannas ◽  
African Savanna ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Plant Attributes ◽  
Resprouting Ability

Fire is a common feature of tropical savannas and it has an important role in the ecology and evolution of the flora. Many woody species in tropical savannas are well adapted to fire and have a vigorous resprouting ability that enables them to survive recurring fire (Frost & Robertson 1987, Hoffmann & Solbrig 2003, Meyer et al. 2005). Studies on the interaction between fire and woody plants in Mediterranean-climate regions have considerably increased our understanding of the subject but relationships between plant attributes (stem diameter and height) and post-fire resprouting ability of southern African savanna woody species are poorly understood. Resprouting is a widespread mechanism by which many plants regenerate after partial or total defoliation (Bellingham & Sparrow 2000, Bond & Midgley 2001).

Interspecific competition and other factors influencing the performance of Douglas-fir saplings in the Oregon Coast Range

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wagner ◽  
S. R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Animal Damage

Regression models describing total height, stem diameter, stem volume index, and crown volume index of individual 4- to 9-year-old saplings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were developed from a retrospective analysis of two site-preparation experiments. The models, which accounted for between 64 and 73% of the variation in individual tree size, integrate environmental and morphological factors that can influence the performance of Douglas-fir saplings into one set of equations. Interspecific competition and amount of animal damage were negatively correlated with tree size. Tree age, 1st-year height, and the use of prescribed burning were positively correlated with tree size. When factors were held constant, trees were largest on steep southeast slopes. The models indicated that tree age, competing vegetation, animal damage, and initial seedling size had a dominant influence on the performance of Douglas-fir saplings, while prescribed burning and topography were of relatively minor importance.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Hanadi Sawalha ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Aida Atiqah Mohd Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Ideal

Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human’s lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1–100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist’s core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.

Distribution of epicormic branches and foliage on Douglas-fir as influenced by adjacent canopy gaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1320-1330
Author(s):  
John W. Punches ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Canopy Gap ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Total Branch Length ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Epicormic Branches

The influence of adjacent canopy gaps on spatial distribution of epicormic branches and delayed foliage (originating from dormant buds) was investigated in 65-year-old coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Sample trees were selected across a broad range of local densities (adjacent canopy gap sizes) from a repeatedly thinned stand in which gaps had been created 12 years prior to our study. Lengths and stem locations of original and epicormic branches were measured within the south-facing crown quadrant, along with extents to which branches were occupied by sequential (produced in association with terminal bud elongation) and (or) delayed foliage. Epicormic branches, while prevalent throughout crowns, contributed only 10% of total branch length and 2% of total foliage mass. In contrast, delayed foliage occupied over 75% of total branch length, accounted for nearly 39% of total foliage mass, and often overlapped with sequential foliage. Canopy gap size did not influence original or epicormic branch length or location. On original branches, larger gaps may have modestly negatively influenced the relative extent of sequential foliage on branches and (or) slightly positively influenced delayed foliage mass. Delayed foliage appears to contribute substantially to Douglas-fir crown maintenance at this tree age, but canopy gap size had a minor influence, at least in the short term.

Weight–diameter relationships for 22 woody plant species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Ground Line

Prediction equations are presented for use in estimating total aboveground weight and maximum leaf weight for 22 species of woody plants. Stem diameter at the ground line was found to be closely correlated with both total and leaf weights. This diameter was therefore used in the equations as the measurement from which weights were predicted.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals RESTORATION OF FORMER GRASSLAND IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Leonard ◽  
O. W. Van Auken
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Juniperus Ashei ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Texas

Abstract In the past, grasslands and savannas were common in many areas of south-central Texas, including the San Antonio area. With the advent of European settlers and their livestock, much of this area was converted to agriculture and rangeland. Today, most of San Antonio is developed, but some preservation has occurred. Restored grassland, mechanically cleared of Juniperus ashei (juniper, Ashe juniper) and other woody species in 2013, was examined and compared to adjacent non-cleared woodland. The woodland examined was dominated by Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon) and Juniperus ashei. Richness in the woodland canopy was 15 species. The understory below the canopy had 25 woody species. In the restored grassland area, herbaceous plant cover was 41.8%, woody plant cover 5.8%, bare soil 2.9%, and litter cover 49.5%. Species richness was 71, with 60 herbaceous and 11 woody species (percent cover of each from <0.1–7.1%). The most common species in the restored grassland in descending order were Nassella leucotricha (Texas winter grass), Calyptocarpus vialis (straggler daisy), Carex planostachys (cedar sedge), Sporobolus crypandrus (sand dropseed), D. texana, and Verbesina virginica (frost weed). Several C4 grass species were present with low cover but may increase in abundance over time. Four of the six most common restored grassland species were present below the woodland canopy and 12 woody species were present in the restored grassland as juveniles. Cost of restoration was approximately $38,500 ($7,500 supplies, $31,000 labor).

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH OF ALBIZIA ADIANTHIFOLIA AND ALBIZIA ZYGIA (TWO LOCAL LEGUMINOUS PLANTS WITH RAPID GROWTH) DURING THE REGENERATION OF THE POST-FARMING FALLOW AND DEGRADED SPACES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Kouassi Kouadio Henri ◽  
Kouassi Roland Hervé ◽  
Amon Ano Denis-Esdras
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Albizia Adianthifolia

The threat which is on the forests and wooded spaces of Africa and particularly those of Côte d'Ivoire is accentuated over the years. The quoted leading causes are the land pressure related to demography, the anarchistic exploitation of the forest woody plants and itinerant agriculture. In many cases, the afforestation is the recommended palliative measure. But with which woody plants does one retimber in Côte d'Ivoire? Which assessment are previous initiatives made? On several occasions the exotic woody plants with rapid growth were used without success. The main objective of this study is to identify local woody plants with rapid growths of which the use will contribute to a significant degree to fast regeneration of our forests, degraded spaces and the post-farming fallow. Floristic inventories and measurements were carried out on the stems of Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia in elementary plots of 400 m ² (20m X 20m). Two local arborescent Leguminous plants with rapid growth were identified for this purpose. They were: Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia. The experiments showed that these species reach the maximas of their growth in height and thickness as from nine (9) years. The sowing of the fallow and/or spaces degraded by these woody species supports the fast regeneration of these degraded spaces.

scholarly journals Urban Dendroflora of the Macedonia Park in the City of Skopje, North Macedonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Martina Shotaroska ◽  
Bojan Simovski ◽  
Tomcho Nikolovski ◽  
Katerina Chonevska ◽  
Ivan Minčev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum

Subject of research in this article is the urban dendroflora of the Macedonia Park, situated on about 50,000 m2 in the Macedonian capital city of Skopje, i.e., identification and presence of the recent woody plants. Thus, observed are morphological and ecological features of the woody plants and their current state in this urban environment. The investigation relates to a seven-year period (since the establishment of the Park in 2012 up to late 2019). After the field research and the inventorisation of the woody plants in the Park, 82 taxa were identified, represented in 1,318 individuals. Most represented tree species is the hybrid Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. with 103 individuals (7.81% of the overall urban dendroflora). Most frequent tree including infraspecific taxa is Fraxinus excelsior L. (including F. e. ‘Globosa’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’, and F. e. ‘Pendula’) with a total number of 146 individuals (11.08%). Concerning other growth form, the mini and small tree roses of hybrid Rosa Floribunda Group outnumber all ornamental woody species with 225 bushes (17.07%). Climbers are represented with 3 taxa (3.66% of identified taxa) in pergolas (Wisteria sinensis /Sims/ Sweet, Parthenocissus quinquefolia /L./ Planch.), and wire cage topiary (Hedera helix L.). Likewise, 87 individuals (6.60%) of 10 species (12.19%) occur as remnants of the greening in the past of which 3 species are used as a green core of a small sacral architecture: Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon (with 10 trees), Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (3), and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (1). In general, the urban dendroflora is properly selected and used for greening, although certain species and individuals are withering (e.g. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’, Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’) or unsuitably used for avenue and in small alpine-like garden.

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