Positive hemodynamic interaction between amrinone and diltiazem in anesthetized dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dagher ◽  
L. Dumont ◽  
C. Chartrand
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Effective Use

The direct negative inotropic actions of calcium channel blockers limit the use of these otherwise effective systemic and coronary vasodilators in patients with heart failure. We studied the effects of amrinone pretreatment on the dose – hemodynamic response curve of diltiazem in order to test the hypothesis that amrinone might potentiate diltiazem's positive effects in anesthetized dogs. The control group (no pretreatment, n = 6) had a typical dose-related response to diltiazem (50,100, and 150 μg/kg): coronary and systemic vasodilation, increased stroke volume, and no change in myocardial work and power. Amrinone pretreatment of the study group (n = 7) altered the hemodynamic response, thus maximal systemic vasodilation and stroke volume increase at a lower diltiazem dose, a 15 to 35% increase in myocardial work and power, and more profound coronary vasodilation. We propose that amrinone, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, potentiates diltiazem vasodilation and reflexly secreted catecholamines' actions on the heart. This positive interaction may permit effective use of lower doses of diltiazem, thus circumventing its dose-limiting direct negative effects while still profitting from beneficial peripheral, reflex, and coronary actions.Key words: diltiazem, amrinone, heart failure, vasodilation, hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Modern Educational Technologies and National Interests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355
Author(s):  
Emin Garibli, Aysel Garibli
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Remote Training ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Use

As we know, one of the lifelong learning forms, which is the correspondence education, has received a wide circulation in our country. However, we have recently mentioned that the type of education should be adapted to modern conditions. As a way out from this situation, the article analyzed the specifics of the distance and supplementary education in the world and the stages of development. Mechanisms of application of existing educational technologies in Azerbaijan were studied. In order to achieve the goals mentioned in the article, the relevant legislation of Azerbaijan has been prepared and recommendations for institutional reforms have been prepared. In the context of globalization, the development of new technologies has negative effects, though there are positive effects. The strengthening of globalization leads to the inequality of development among countries, the sharp differences in the living standards of the population, the escalation of language, religion, traditions and, ultimately, the weakening of national state institutions. In this case, the protection and development of the state language is of great importance and special attention should be paid to this problem. At the end of the article, we came to the problem from another aspect, and we believe that if we use the right technologies properly and precisely, it can be achieved through the promotion of mother tongue.  Our compatriots living abroad will be able to acquire new knowledge and will not forget and develop their mother tongue with effective use of remote training technologies. Millions of our compatriots living abroad will be able to benefit from these advantages. In order to achieve this, it is important to use the modern IT technologies' innovations as well as the effective use of language teaching methods for language development carried out by linguists. We believe that there is a relationship between these two factors, and when analyzing lifelong learning issues, there is a need for two aspects. At the end, it should be noted that we have to analyze the problem from different perspectives and make suggestions.

scholarly journals Reduction of the oestrogenic effect of zearalenone in pigs by a feed additive

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Brydl ◽  
András Ványi ◽  
Róbert Glávits ◽  
László Könyves ◽  
Pál Rafai
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

Zearalenone is phenolic resorcyclic acid lactone produced by a number of Fusarium species grown on grains, predominantly on maize, in high moisture environment. Due to its oestrogenic effects, feeds contaminated with zearalenone can cause striking negative effects on reproduction primarily in pigs. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of a feed additive developed for enzymatic decomposition of mycotoxins. A total of sixty 6-week-old conventional Dutch Landrace × Hungarian Large White F1 female pigs weaned at 30 ± 2 days of age were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Between 50 and 70 days of age, 4 groups of pigs (experimental) were treated with zearalenone (8 or 16 mg/pig dose) administered every other day via an oesophageal tube; pigs from the other two groups were not treated with zearalenone and served as controls. Throughout the experiment, the diet of two experimental groups and one control group was supplemented with a feed additive (named: Detoxa Plus) at a concentration of 1 kg/tonne; pigs from the other control group received neither zearalenone treatment, nor the feed additive. Pigs’ live weight, weight of ovaries and uterus, histological characteristics of the ovaries, uterus, vagina, spleen and lymph nodes, liver concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol) were studied. This study showed the preventive capacity of the feed additive against zearalenone. Positive effects included the prevention of uterine enlargement, beneficial effects on the histopathological scores of ovaries, uterus and vagina and reduced concentration of zearalenone and metabolites in the liver. This study demonstrates for the first time that due to its enzymatic activity Detoxa Plus renders zearalenone contaminated feeds less toxic.

scholarly journals Effects of Taurine on Sperm Quality during Room Temperature Storage in Hu Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Liuming Zhang ◽  
Yanhu Wang ◽  
Tariq Sohail ◽  
Yan Kang ◽  
Haoyuan Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Hu Sheep

The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of Tau protected Hu sheep sperm from ROS stress during storage at room temperature. The semen was diluted with extender (Tris-based) at room temperature, supplemented with different concentrations of Tau (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 100 mM), and stored at 15 °C. Sperm quality parameters (sperm progressive motility, kinetic parameters, plasma membrane integrity rate, acrosome integrity rate, and MMP) and antioxidant parameters (ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) were evaluated during the preservation of semen. The addition of Tau, especially at a concentration of 20 mM, exerted positive effects on sperm quality parameters and antioxidant parameters compared to the sperm without Tau treatment (control group). The addition of Tau, especially at a concentration of 100 mM, exerted negative effects on sperm quality parameters and antioxidant parameters compared to the control group. Interestingly, the results indicated that the sperm acrosome integrity rate did not change during storage time. In conclusion, the addition of Tau to sperm preserved at room temperature can enhance the antioxidant ability of sperm, reduce the LPO on the 5th day, and improve the quality of semen preserved at room temperature. These results implied that Tau had potential to enhance Hu sheep sperm reproductive performance.

Abstract 312: The Tricuspid Valve Also Maladapts: Evidence From Sheep With Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel K Rausch ◽  
William Meador ◽  
Marcin Malinowski ◽  
Tomasz Jazwiec ◽  
Mrudang Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Pharmacological Control

The objective of this work was to determine whether tricuspid valve leaflets maladapt to functional regurgitation as they do in the mitral valve. If they did, pharmacological control of the underlying mechanisms could open opportunities to support tricuspid valve surgery and improve currently poor outcomes. To this end, we used a biventricular heart failure model to induce functional tricuspid valve regurgitation in sheep. We sacrificed animals once they showed signs of heart failure (with in 2-3 weeks). In those animals (and controls), we measured tricuspid anterior leaflet area and thickness, collagen content via ELISAs, tissue stiffness via mechanical testing, and cellular changes via immunohistochemistry. We found a statistically significant increase with disease in leaflet area (p=0.004), thickness (p=0.037), collagen content (p=0.001), circumferential leaflet stiffness (p=0.001), and SMA (p=0.030), Figure 1. Our findings imply that in approximately 2-3 weeks of biventricular heart failure and associated functional tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid valve leaflets underwent substantial remodeling. Specifically, it appears that activation of valvular interstitial cells increased collagen syntheses resulting in leaflet growth, thickening, and stiffening. No other previous study has demonstrated tissue maladaptation on all functional scales in the tricuspid valve. Our work is relevant as it implies that pharmacological control of this maladaptive response could allow for the promotion of the positive effects (e.g., area increase) while suppressing negative effects (e.g., fibrosis).

scholarly journals Cardiac Contractility Modulation Attenuates Chronic Heart Failure in a Rabbit Model via the PI3K/AKT Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Hao ◽  
Feifei Zhang ◽  
Yudan Wang ◽  
Yingxiao Li ◽  
Xiaoyong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Contractility Modulation ◽  
Positive Effects

The Akt plays an important role in regulating cardiac growth, myocardial angiogenesis, and cell death in cardiac myocytes. However, there are few studies to focus on the responses of the Akt pathway to cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) in a chronic heart failure (HF) model. In this study, the effects of CCM on the treatment of HF in a rabbit model were investigated. Thirty six-month-old rabbits were randomly separated into control, HF, and CCM groups. The rabbits in HF and CCM groups were pressure uploaded, which can cause an aortic constriction. Then, CCM was gradually injected to the myocardium of rabbits in the CCM group, and this process lasted for four weeks with six hours per day. Rabbit body weight, heart weight, and heart beating rates were recorded during the experiment. To assess the CCM impacts, rabbit myocardial histology was examined as well. Additionally, western blot analysis was employed to measure the protein levels of Akt, FOXO3, Beclin, Pi3k, mTOR, GSK-3β, and TORC2 in the myocardial histology of rabbits. Results showed that the body and heart weight of rabbits decreased significantly after suffering HF when compared with those in the control group. However, they gradually recovered after CCM application. The CCM significantly decreased collagen volume fraction in myocardial histology of HF rabbits, indicating that CCM therapy attenuated myocardial fibrosis and collagen deposition. The levels of Akt, FOXO3, Beclin, mTOR, GSK-3β, and TORC2 were significantly downregulated, but Pi3k concentration was greatly upregulated after CCM utilization. Based on these findings, it was concluded that CCM could elicit positive effects on HF therapy, which was potentially due to the variation in the Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway.

Impact of the WHO depression guideline on patient care by psychiatrists: A randomized controlled trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Linden ◽  
Anja Westram ◽  
Lutz G. Schmidt ◽  
Clemenz Haag
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Information Group

AbstractBackgroundScientific literature reviews aim to summarize the state of knowledge and published empirical evidence. In contrast, medical guidelines are intervention tools that aim to improve physician behaviour and patient outcome. They can have positive effects, but they can also have negative effects. Their effects must be tested by research.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 103 psychiatrists in private practice were either provided with the WHO depression guideline only (information group), or provided with the WHO depression guideline and trained for one day in this guideline (intervention group), or left uninformed (control group). They then treated a total of 497 patients according to individual clinical considerations and the needs of the patients. Observation of routine treatment lasted 12 weeks. Physicians and patients documented the course of illness and treatment, including the patient–physician interaction.ResultsPsychiatrists in the intervention group saw more psychosocial stressors in their patients, prescribed higher dosages of medication, had fewer drop-outs, and rated treatment outcome as better. The ratings of patient–physician interactions indicated more strain in their relationships.ConclusionsThe results show both positive and negative effects of guideline exposure, but only in the training group and not in the information group. Guidelines should be empirically tested before being called “evidence based”. Every guideline should also explain how it can or must be implemented in order to become effective.

Peers and Teachers as Facilitators of the Life Skills Program IPSY

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Weichold ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
German School ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Life Skills Program

Aims: This pilot study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of the Life Skills program IPSY (Information + Psychosocial Competence = Protection) with regard to alcohol and cigarette consumption, expectations of regular use, and resistance skills in early adolescence. Thereby, we were particularly interested in the usefulness of peer educators and teachers as program facilitators in the German school setting. Methods: The design included a longitudinal assessment of a peer-led and teacher-led condition with a control group (pre- and post-assessment with a 2-year follow up; classroom-wise randomization, N = 105, T1 10 yrs. old). Results: Results of a series of ANOVAs with repeated measurement indicated that although IPSY facilitated by older peers was highly accepted by the recipients, it was ineffective regarding expectations to regular smoking, and resistance skills towards the offer of cigarettes, and it revealed negative effects on some of the students’ outcomes (in particular regarding alcohol use). In contrast, the same program facilitated by teachers had positive effects on substance use and resistance skills. Conclusions: The discussion focuses on peers’ characteristics (e. g., experiences in leading a classroom, or own consumption patterns) that might have caused the unexpected findings. This implies that, for target groups in early adolescence, in order to avoid negative outcomes, peer facilitators for universal prevention programs have to be selected and trained with great care.

scholarly journals "THE CONGRUENCE EFFECTS OF CONFUCIAN AND WESTERN MANAGEMENT VALUES ON INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE KOREAN PUBLIC SECTOR"

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 E ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Min Young KIM ◽  
Ador R. TORNEO
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Confucian Values ◽  
Using Data

"This study examines the effect on Korean public employees’ in-role performance and organizational performance of Confucian values and of two organizational management values developed in the West, specifically collective public service motivation-oriented (PSMO) management values and entrepreneurship-oriented (EO) management values. Using data from the Public Sector Entrepreneurship Survey the study finds that some Confucian values can enhance in-role and organizational performance in the Korean public sector, but others can have negative or no effects. The mixed results suggest that the relationship may be more complex than assumed and that some variables may mediate the effects. This has implications on how the positive effects of Confucian values on performance can be maximized while minimizing the negative effects. The collective PSMO and EO management values developed in the Western context both enhance in-role performance but only EO management values positive effects extend to organizational performance. Lastly, the study finds that the data does not support the hypothesized positive interaction effects between Confucian values and PSMO and EO management values and both in-role and organizational performance. More investigation is required to fully understand these interaction effects."

scholarly journals Impaired central hemodynamic response and exaggerated vasoconstriction during muscle metaboreflex activation in heart failure patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. H2988-H2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Crisafulli ◽  
Enrico Salis ◽  
Filippo Tocco ◽  
Franco Melis ◽  
Raffaele Milia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Functional Shift

The muscle metaboreflex is enhanced in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, and this fact has been associated with the early fatigue shown by these patients in response to exercise. In animal studies of CHF, it was found that the limited capacity to enhance ventricular performance is responsible for a functional shift from a cardiac output to a systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increase in the mechanism by which the cardiovascular system raises blood pressure in response to the metaboreflex. However, the existence of this functional shift is still unknown in humans. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a similar hemodynamic response was also present in humans with CHF. The hemodynamic response to metaboreflex activation obtained through postexercise ischemia was assessed in nine patients with CHF and nine healthy controls (CTL) by means of impedance cardiography. The main results were that 1) the blood pressure rise due to the metaboreflex was similar in the two groups; 2) the CTL group achieved the blood pressure response via cardiac output increase, and the CHF group, via SVR increase; and 3) stroke volume was enhanced in the CTL group and decreased in the CHF group. This study demonstrates that in CHF patients, metaboreflex recruitment causes a functional shift from flow increase to peripheral vasoconstriction in the mechanism through which blood pressure is increased. The incapacity to enhance cardiac performance and stroke volume is probably the primary cause of this cardiovascular alteration.

Endothelin in experimental congestive heart failure in the anesthetized dog

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. F312-F317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Cavero ◽  
W. L. Miller ◽  
D. M. Heublein ◽  
K. B. Margulies ◽  
J. C. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Significant Attenuation ◽  
Presence And Absence

Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs to determine plasma endothelin (ET) concentrations in the presence and absence of experimental congestive heart failure (CHF) produced by rapid ventricular pacing for 8 days. These studies were also designed to determine the effect of exogenous low-dose ET upon integrated cardiorenal and endocrine function in the presence and absence of CHF. In these studies, plasma ET was significantly elevated in CHF (3.25 +/- 0.39 pg/ml) compared with normal (1.03 +/- 0.21 pg/ml) or sham-operated (1.08 +/- 0.27 pg/ml) groups. Compared with the control group, which was characterized by a significant cardiorenal vasoconstrictor response to low-dose ET, a significant attenuation of the vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic actions of ET was observed in the CHF group. Despite these differential responses, exogenous ET suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) and activated aldosterone in both control and CHF groups. Thus these studies demonstrate for the first time that experimental CHF is characterized by elevated plasma ET in association with an attenuated cardiorenal response to exogenous ET. In contrast, low-dose ET inhibited PRC and activated aldosterone in the presence and absence of experimental CHF.

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