Influence des conditions climatiques sur le comportement du Lièvre d'Amérique (Lepus americanus) en semi-liberté

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Théau ◽  
Jean Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Negative Effect

Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) behavior has been analyzed over a1-year period to understand the influence of climatic factors. Six animals were observed with a video camera in a 1350-m2 outdoor enclosure located in a wood stand andequipped with a computerized weather station. Temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), windspeed (km/h), and barometric pressure (hPa) were recorded every 5 min during the entire study period. Every month, 72 h of observation were recorded to correlate those factors with feeding, locomotion, grooming, and resting behavior. Results indicate a marked influence of climatic conditions on hare behavior patterns. All patterns are more frequent when relative humidity is high or increasing. Locomotion and feeding are more common when temperature is low or decreasing, or when barometric pressure is increasing. Wind speed has a negative effect on the frequency of all behavioral patterns. Those effects are discussed in relation to hare biology. It appears that energetic constraints associated with harsh weather conditions have forced the snowshoe hare to adopt a flexible behavioral strategy.

scholarly journals Impact of climate and moonlight on a venomous mammal, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812)

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Johanna Rode-Margono ◽  
K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Slow Loris ◽  
Reduce Activity

Predation pressure, food availability, and activity may be affected by level of moonlight and climatic conditions. While many nocturnal mammals reduce activity at high lunar illumination to avoid predators (lunarphobia), most visually-oriented nocturnal primates and birds increase activity in bright nights (lunarphilia) to improve foraging efficiency. Similarly, weather conditions may influence activity level and foraging ability. We examined the response of Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812) to moonlight and temperature. We radio-tracked 12 animals in West Java, Indonesia, over 1.5 years, resulting in over 600 hours direct observations. We collected behavioural and environmental data including lunar illumination, number of human observers, and climatic factors, and 185 camera trap nights on potential predators. Nycticebus javanicus reduced active behaviours in bright nights. Although this might be interpreted as a predator avoidance strategy, animals remained active when more observers were present. We did not find the same effect of lunar illumination on two potential predators. We detected an interactive effect of minimum temperature and moonlight, e.g. in bright nights slow lorises only reduce activity when it is cold. Slow lorises also were more active in higher humidity and when it was cloudy, whereas potential predators were equally active across conditions. As slow lorises are well-adapted to avoid/defend predators by crypsis, mimicry and the possession of venom, we argue that lunarphobia may be due to prey availability. In bright nights that are cold, the combined effects of high luminosity and low temperature favour reduced activity and even torpor. We conclude that Javan slow lorises are lunarphobic – just as the majority of mammals.

Effects of geographical and climatic factors on cystic echinococcosis in south-western Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jamshidi ◽  
A. Haniloo ◽  
A. Fazaeli ◽  
M.A. Ghatee
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Western Iran

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus that can cause serious health and economic problems in the endemic foci. CE is globally distributed in various climatic conditions from circumpolar to tropical latitudes. Iran is an important endemic area with a spectrum of weather conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of geo-climatic factors on the distribution of livestock CE in south-western Iran (SWI) in 2016 to 2018. Data of livestock CE were retrieved from veterinary organizations of four provinces of SWI. The geo-climatic factors, including mean annual temperature (MAT), minimum MAT (MinMAT), maximum MAT (MaxMAT), mean annual rainfall (MAR), elevation, mean annual evaporation (MAE), sunny hours, wind speed, mean annual humidity (MAH), slope, frost days and land cover, were analysed using geographical information systems (GIS) approaches. The statistical analysis showed that MAR, frost days, elevation, slope and semi-condensed forest land cover were positively and MAE, MAT, MaxMAT, MinMAT and salt and salinity land cover were negatively correlated with CE occurrence. MAE was shown to be a predictive factor in the stepwise linear logistic regression model. In short, the current GIS-based study found that areas with lower evaporation were the main CE risk zones, though those with lower temperature and higher rainfall, altitude and slope, especially where covered with or in close proximity of semi-condensed forest, should be prioritized for consideration by health professionals and veterinarians for conducting control programmes in SWI.

Artificial Snowmaking: Winter Sports Between State-Owned Company Policy and Tourist Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802095707
Author(s):  
Marko Joksimović ◽  
Mirjana Gajić ◽  
Snežana Vujadinović ◽  
Jelena Milenković ◽  
Vladimir Malinić
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Tourist Demand

Due to changing climatic conditions, artificial snowmaking has become a major method of ski resort adaptation globally. It is a financially intensive operation requiring high start-up investment and involving operating costs that are dependent on weather conditions. Operational costs and the expansion of artificial snowmaking systems increase the price of ski passes. In our work, we analyzed the operations of a public company that operates the largest ski resorts in Serbia and directs the flow of winter sports tourism. We tried to determine, by means of correlation, the extent to which ski pass prices in the biggest winter resort in Serbia are influenced by factors such as natural snow cover, number of tourist overnights, ski run length, and local wages. The results of the survey indicate an increasing transformation of the ski resort into a thematic attraction independent of climatic factors in terms of determining ski pass prices.

scholarly journals Variations in climate and global spread of COVID-19: Implications for control in tropical and warmer climates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Dar ◽  
Alimuddin Zumla ◽  
Lara Hollmann ◽  
Mishal Khan ◽  
Raji Tajudeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Health and climatic changes have been linked for centuries. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are sensitive to environmental conditions including ambient temperature, humidity, smog, and other climatic factors like exposure to sunlight. Viral respiratory tract infections such as seasonal influenza are known to become epidemic primarily during cold weather conditions influenced also by population density and travel patterns. The winter months in China are from November to March. The SARS-CoV-1 outbreak commenced in Guangdong Province, in November 2002 and the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Wuhan in early December 2019. Understanding how the emergence and spread of COVID-19 could be affected by climatic conditions may be an important aspect for disease control. As of August 4th 2020, 18 142 718 confirmed cases and 691 013 deaths have been reported to the WHO from all continents [...].

scholarly journals Impact of climatic factors on growth and development of Cichorium Endivia in greenhouse in Leningrad region, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lavrishcheva ◽  
Anton Lavrishchev ◽  
Andrey Litvinovich
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Cichorium Endivia ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The paper discusses the results of the study of the effect of climatic factors on the yield and biometric indicators of various varieties of endive chicory (Cichorium endivia (L.)) over a two-year study grown in the summer-autumn period in the plastic greenhouses on the experimental plots of the St. Petersburg Agrarian University, Pushkin, Russia. The plants of the genus Chicory are known and valued for their unique medicinal and nutritional properties. Total of 14 varieties of domestic and foreign Cichorium endivia breeding were studied. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016years that were sharply differed in the amount of precipitation and temperature. The climate of Leningrad region is characterised with humid and long-lasting cold season. The aim of the research was to identify the variety of endive chicory that is most suitable and tolerant for the climatic conditions of Leningrad region, Russia. During the growing season the plant biometric parameters such as plant height (cm), rosette diameter of leaves (cm), and number of leaves (pieces) were measured. During harvesting, additional parameters such as biomass of plants and leaves, the area of the assimilation surface were determined. The decrease in plant biometric parameters during the phenological observations in September 2016 was associated with an increased amount of precipitation in July-August. The results showed that the variety "Broad Betavian fullhearted" was the most sensitive to the adverse effects of weather, showing the largest variation in biometrics over the studied years. In plants of this variety the mass of leaves decreased by 9.2 times, the area of the assimilation surface was reduced by 11.6 times, while the crop shortfall in 2016 was almost 90%. The varieties "Green curled" and "Scarola bionda" were the most tolerant to weather conditions. These varieties were characterized by the maximum yield in both years of research: "Green curled"-7.90 kg/m 2 and 2.87 kg/m 2 , "Scarola bionda"-8.06 kg/m 2 and 2.84 kg/m 2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Generally, the result of the study showed that most of the studied varieties were sensitive to the amount of precipitation and the number of sunny days. The study made it possible to identify the most sensitive and most tolerant varieties of endive chicory for growing in the Leningrad region.

scholarly journals Prevention of Meteopathic Reactions in Children with Bronchial Asthma in a Sanatorium

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Weather Sensitivity

The problems of medical rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma are relevant for the national health care due to the high prevalence of the disease in the child population and the possibility of disability. Currently, the role of weather factors in the development of meteopathic reactions in children suffering from bronchial asthma is increasing. Meteopathological reactions can be manifested by increased symptoms of the disease and ventilation disorders, as well as they reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. In this regard, research devoted to the development of methods for the prevention and correction of manifestations of weather dependence using natural and climatic factors is of particular interest. Aim. The study aimed to assess the bioclimatic potential of the resort of Gelendzhik city and to develop methods for the prevention of meteopathic reactions in children with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the SRC “Vulan” (Gelendzhik). Features of biotropic weather conditions influence and meteopathic reactions development were studied in 119 children with bronchial asthma aged 5 to 15 years. Microclimatic features of the Sanatorium “Vulan” territory were studied using an automated system of medical and meteorological weather forecasting. Methods of climate therapy included dosed sun and air baths, which were prescribed taking into account the severity of the disease and the degree of child’s adaptation to the climatic conditions of the sanatorium. Results and discussion. The study of the bioclimatic potential showed that the territory of the Sanatorium “Vulan” can be attributed to the resort area with a sparing effect of the climate on the child’s body and with favorable microclimatic conditions that allow to widely include all types of climatotherapy in treatment and rehabilitation programs. Against the background of the dosed climate therapy, the majority of children (82.1%) had decreased manifestations of increased weather sensitivity, improved respiratory function and increased indicators of the psychoemotional status of children with bronchial asthma. Conclusion. Improved and scientifically-based technologies for dosing of the climate-related procedures, which are included in the programs of sanatorium-resort treatment of children with bronchial asthma, can significantly reduce the frequency of weather-related reactions.

Notes on the Development of Red Locust Hoppers (Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv.) under Natural Climatic Conditions

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Breeding Seasons

A pronounced variation in the time taken by hopper bands of Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv., to become adult swarms in different localities in the Nyasaland Protectorate during the four breeding seasons from 1932 to 1936, led to an investigation and comparison of certain climatic factors occurring during the critical months of hopper development at a number of stations where such variation had been particularly noticeable.It was found that temperature and percentage relative humidity appeared to have considerable influence on the rate of development of the hopper bands, and that the quiescent nature of the bands in certain areas in some years, together with the unexpectedly small adult swarms that matured from these bands, seemed to be correlated with these same factors. It was noticeable that conditions during the first season, when development was generally normal, were somewhat hotter and drier throughout the country than in the later years and that, in most places, a marked increase in humidity usually accompanied by a decline in temperature was recorded each year up to 1936. In certain areas where hopper development occurred each year without much variation in length of time or intensity, such as the lower Shire River Valley, temperatures and humidity were found to have fluctuated only slightly from year to year.

Relationship between the excretion of protostrongylid larvae in sheep in North-west Spain and climatic conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Díez-Baños ◽  
P. Morrondo-Pelayo ◽  
A. Feijoo-Penela ◽  
B. Carrillo-González ◽  
C. López-Sández
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe relationship between different climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and the pattern of lungworm larval excretion was studied in sheep under a continuous grazing pattern in North-west Spain, where the climate is intermediate between sub-humid Mediterranean with an Atlantic tendency and European Atlantic. Over a period of one year, 44 animals were sampled once a month at random from a flock of 80 Galician breed sheep, all over 4 years old. Faeces were taken directly from the rectum and the number of first stage larvae per gram of faeces was determined for each animal, and the species of Protostrongylidae (Nematoda) identified. Larval excretion was irregular during the study. The prevalence and intensity of infection were greater in the colder months (40.9%; x=12.3 ± 40.4) and less in the warmer months The species of Protostrongylidae identified and prevalences (%) were Neostrongylus linearis (71.5), Muellerius capillaris (18.8) and Cystocaulus ocreatus (9.7). Between November and March, with low temperatures, the prevalence and intensity of parasitism with N. linearis and M. capillaris were greater than in the months with high temperatures (May to September). Multiple linear regression analysis showed statistical correlation between temperature, relative humidity and rainfall considered together and the number of N. linearis larvae per gram of faeces. Linear regression showed a correlation between the temperature and the percentage of sheep that passed M. capillaris. In general, the prevalence and intensity of infection of the sheep with N. linearis, M. capillaris and C. ocreatus larvae decrease when the temperature increases and increase when the relative humidity and rainfall increases.

scholarly journals Climatic modification effects on the association between PM1 and lung cancer incidence in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Siying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses

Abstract Background Nationwide studies that examine climatic modification effects on the association between air pollution and health outcome are limited in developing countries. Moreover, few studies focus on PM1 pollution despite its greater health effect. Objectives This study aims to determine the modification effects of climatic factors on the associations between PM1 and the incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide analysis in 345 Chinese counties (districts) from 2014 to 2015. Mean air temperature and relative humidity over the study period were used as the proxies of climatic conditions. In terms of the multivariable linear regression model, we examined climatic modification effects in the stratified and combined datasets according to the three-category and binary divisions of climatic factors. Moreover, we performed three sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of climatic modification effects. Results We found a stronger association between PM1 and the incidence rate of male lung cancer in counties with high levels of air temperature or relative humidity. If there is a 10 μg/m3 shift in PM1, then the change in male incidence rate relative to its mean was higher by 4.39% (95% CI: 2.19, 6.58%) and 8.37% (95% CI: 5.18, 11.56%) in the middle and high temperature groups than in the low temperature group, respectively. The findings of climatic modification effects were robust in the three sensitivity analyses. No significant modification effect was discovered for female incidence rate. Conclusions Male residents in high temperature or humidity counties suffer from a larger effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of lung cancer in China. Future research on air pollution-related health impact assessment should consider the differential air pollution effects across different climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Waldzustand in der Schweiz: Erfassung, Entwicklung und Einflussfaktoren

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Christian Hug ◽  
Lorenz Walthert
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Negative Effect

Forest condition in Switzerland: assessment, development and influencing factors In the early 1980s it was feared that air pollution would cause a widespread forest decline and a reduction in forest productivity. In Switzerland as in most European countries crown defoliation and foliage discoloration were selected as the most important indicators of forest condition. The Sanasilva inventory on a systematic network of plots showed an increase in the proportion of trees with high defoliation until 1995. Since then no trend has been detected. However, large annual fluctuations were often observed following years with large-scale climatic events, such as the storms Vivian and Lothar and the heat summer of 2003. Although highly variable, neither mortality nor removal rates have shown any time trend since 1985. The annual differences in crown defoliation, mortality and tree growth are mainly related to climatic factors. In addition to the climatic conditions, nutrient availability, soil water holding capacity and to a lesser extent air pollution determine the degree of crown defoliation at a given site and for a given species. Although several studies have found a negative effect of nitrogen deposition or ozone concentrations on tree foliation, others have shown that up to now nitrogen deposition has increased tree growth on nitrogen-limited sites. It can thus be concluded that presently air pollution does not pose a direct threat to tree conditions in Switzerland. However, the assessment of crown condition alone is not a suitable tool to detect the effects of air pollution on forests. This requires more detailed measurements on long-term research sites. However, as crown condition is strongly affected by site conditions and climate, it should be further monitored, particularly with regard to the predicted climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document