scholarly journals Climatic modification effects on the association between PM1 and lung cancer incidence in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Siying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses

Abstract Background Nationwide studies that examine climatic modification effects on the association between air pollution and health outcome are limited in developing countries. Moreover, few studies focus on PM1 pollution despite its greater health effect. Objectives This study aims to determine the modification effects of climatic factors on the associations between PM1 and the incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide analysis in 345 Chinese counties (districts) from 2014 to 2015. Mean air temperature and relative humidity over the study period were used as the proxies of climatic conditions. In terms of the multivariable linear regression model, we examined climatic modification effects in the stratified and combined datasets according to the three-category and binary divisions of climatic factors. Moreover, we performed three sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of climatic modification effects. Results We found a stronger association between PM1 and the incidence rate of male lung cancer in counties with high levels of air temperature or relative humidity. If there is a 10 μg/m3 shift in PM1, then the change in male incidence rate relative to its mean was higher by 4.39% (95% CI: 2.19, 6.58%) and 8.37% (95% CI: 5.18, 11.56%) in the middle and high temperature groups than in the low temperature group, respectively. The findings of climatic modification effects were robust in the three sensitivity analyses. No significant modification effect was discovered for female incidence rate. Conclusions Male residents in high temperature or humidity counties suffer from a larger effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of lung cancer in China. Future research on air pollution-related health impact assessment should consider the differential air pollution effects across different climatic conditions.

A note on climate in relation to facial eczema outbreaks in sheep in East Gippsland from 1955 to 1964

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
E Fisher ◽  
AW Kellock ◽  
DE Hore ◽  
R Sinnott
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Facial Eczema ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Facial eczema outbreaks of unprecedented severity occurred in Gippsland during 1956 and 1959. With the object of defining the climatic factors associated with disease-outbreaks of this nature, the minimum air-temperature and rainfall recordings made at the R.A.A.F. base, East Sale, from 1955 to 1964 have been noted and critically analysed. The climatic conditions which appear to be necessary for the development of P. chartarum in amounts sufficient to cause facial eczema of sheep In epidemic proportions, are defined for non-irrigated areas.

scholarly journals Thermophysiological Comfort of Surgeons and Patient in an Operating Room Based on PMV-PPD and PHS Indexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radostina A. Angelova ◽  
Rositsa Velichkova
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Predicted Heat Strain

There are different actors in an operating room (OR), who have controversial requirements for the indoor thermal environment. While the patient is at risk of perioperative hypothermia, the surgeons are in a state of thermophysiological discomfort. The study presents an analysis of the thermophysiological comfort of both patient and surgeons in an OR. Surgical clothing ensembles with three values of clothing insulation are simulated. Different indoor environment conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) are tested. The analysis is based on the calculation of predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) indexes and assessment of the climatic conditions categories. Discussion of the predicted heat strain is also presented. The simulated results and their analysis show considerable discrepancies between the thermophysiological comfort of the patient and the surgeons, even when dressed in a light protective ensemble, in the same indoor environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sprinkler Irrigation Evaporation Losses in Ilaro, Ogun State, South Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Samuel Dare OLUWAGBAYIDE ◽  
Olugbenga FASANU ◽  
Ajayi Johnson OLORUNTADE
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation

Under the prevailing climate change the world is currently facing, efficient irrigation water management is essential to ensure food security, especially in countries with similar climate to Nigeria. Hence, this study was undertaken at the Research Farm of Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation between March and July 2019. Experiments were performed using 360 rotating sprinkler and single nozzle of diameter 3 mm, while due cognizance was taken of the prevailing climatic conditions. Three operating pressures, namely, 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, representing low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure, respectively, were used. The results showed that operating pressures influence droplet sizes, droplet heights and flow rate during the experiment. In addition, it was observed that at operating pressures of 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa, mean percentage of evaporation losses were 8.88%, 13.21% and 16.46%, respectively, indicating that evaporation losses increased with increasing operating pressure. Further analysis showed that percentage evaporation losses increased at higher relative humidity, thereby emphasizing the predominance of air temperature and wind velocity as climatic variable influencing sprinkler evaporation losses. The relationship between wind velocity (Vw ) and air temperature (Ta) and to predict evaporation losses (E ) was a function of E = 7.968Vw + 0.393Ta – 19.977. Therefore, it was concluded that, both climatic factors and operating pressures influence the rate of evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation, adequate attention should be paid to variation of climatic variables since sprinklers are sold with their specified operating pressures.

scholarly journals Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Climatic Factors on Circulatory and Respiratory Mortality in Xi’an, China between 2014 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9027
Author(s):  
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena ◽  
Crystal Jane Ethan ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Asenso Theophilus Quachie
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Distributed Lag

Several studies have reported that air pollution and climatic factors are major contributors to human morbidity and mortality globally. However, the combined interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on human health remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on circulatory and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Time-series analysis and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were employed as the study design and core statistical method. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for temperature and Air Quality Index (AQI) interaction on circulatory mortality were 0.973(0.969, 0.977) and −0.055(−0.059, −0.048), respectively; while for relative humidity and AQI interaction, 1.098(1.011, 1.072) and 0.088(0.081, 0.107) respectively, were estimated. Additionally, the IRR and RERI for temperature and AQI interaction on respiratory mortality were 0.805(0.722, 0.896) and −0.235(−0.269, −0.163) respectively, while 1.008(0.965, 1.051) and −0.031(−0.088, 0.025) respectively were estimated for relative humidity and AQI interaction. The interaction effects of climatic factors and AQI were synergistic and antagonistic in relation to circulatory and respiratory mortality, respectively. Interaction between climatic factors and air pollution contributes significantly to circulatory and respiratory mortality.

scholarly journals Re-Visiting the Incidence of Environmental Factors on a Pre-Imaginal Population of the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Jürgen Junk ◽  
Michael Eickermann ◽  
Milan Milenovic ◽  
Pompeo Suma ◽  
Carmelo Rapisarda
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Glycaspis Brimblecombei ◽  
Red Gum Lerp Psyllid

The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is an invasive pest of Eucalyptus trees worldwide, responsible for serious damage, including the death of plants. Knowledge about the incidence of climatic factors on the insect development are essential to define useful strategies for controlling this pest. To this aim, G. brimblecombei has been sampled by two different methods from April 2012 to February 2013 in eastern Sicily on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in nine different sites, where the main climatic data (air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) have been also registered. The Glycaspis brimblecombei population showed a similar trend in all nine sites, positively correlated only with air temperature, but a negative correlation has emerged with precipitation and relative humidity. The results show the need for a deeper understanding of the role played by other abiotic (such as different concentrations of CO2) and biotic (e.g., the antagonistic action of natural enemies, competition with other pests, etc.) factors. The greater sensitivity, even at low densities of psyllid, of sampling methods based on the random collection of a fixed number of leaves compared to methods based on the collection of infested leaves in a fixed time interval has been also outlined.

Experiment on the Spray Humidification System among Different Relative Humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2147-2151
Author(s):  
Long Na Han ◽  
Yong Zheng Shi ◽  
De Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Air Temperature

Aiming at the problem of air-cooled condenser output limit under high temperature in summer, the spray humidification system is adopted here to reduce inlet air temperature. Therefore, experiments are presented to study in different relative humidity. Experiment results show it can decrease the power consumption and increase the refrigerating capacity. Experiment verifies the feasibility of spray humidification system.

Notes on the Development of Red Locust Hoppers (Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv.) under Natural Climatic Conditions

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Breeding Seasons

A pronounced variation in the time taken by hopper bands of Nomadacris septemfasciata, Serv., to become adult swarms in different localities in the Nyasaland Protectorate during the four breeding seasons from 1932 to 1936, led to an investigation and comparison of certain climatic factors occurring during the critical months of hopper development at a number of stations where such variation had been particularly noticeable.It was found that temperature and percentage relative humidity appeared to have considerable influence on the rate of development of the hopper bands, and that the quiescent nature of the bands in certain areas in some years, together with the unexpectedly small adult swarms that matured from these bands, seemed to be correlated with these same factors. It was noticeable that conditions during the first season, when development was generally normal, were somewhat hotter and drier throughout the country than in the later years and that, in most places, a marked increase in humidity usually accompanied by a decline in temperature was recorded each year up to 1936. In certain areas where hopper development occurred each year without much variation in length of time or intensity, such as the lower Shire River Valley, temperatures and humidity were found to have fluctuated only slightly from year to year.

Relationship between the excretion of protostrongylid larvae in sheep in North-west Spain and climatic conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Díez-Baños ◽  
P. Morrondo-Pelayo ◽  
A. Feijoo-Penela ◽  
B. Carrillo-González ◽  
C. López-Sández
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
North West ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe relationship between different climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and the pattern of lungworm larval excretion was studied in sheep under a continuous grazing pattern in North-west Spain, where the climate is intermediate between sub-humid Mediterranean with an Atlantic tendency and European Atlantic. Over a period of one year, 44 animals were sampled once a month at random from a flock of 80 Galician breed sheep, all over 4 years old. Faeces were taken directly from the rectum and the number of first stage larvae per gram of faeces was determined for each animal, and the species of Protostrongylidae (Nematoda) identified. Larval excretion was irregular during the study. The prevalence and intensity of infection were greater in the colder months (40.9%; x=12.3 ± 40.4) and less in the warmer months The species of Protostrongylidae identified and prevalences (%) were Neostrongylus linearis (71.5), Muellerius capillaris (18.8) and Cystocaulus ocreatus (9.7). Between November and March, with low temperatures, the prevalence and intensity of parasitism with N. linearis and M. capillaris were greater than in the months with high temperatures (May to September). Multiple linear regression analysis showed statistical correlation between temperature, relative humidity and rainfall considered together and the number of N. linearis larvae per gram of faeces. Linear regression showed a correlation between the temperature and the percentage of sheep that passed M. capillaris. In general, the prevalence and intensity of infection of the sheep with N. linearis, M. capillaris and C. ocreatus larvae decrease when the temperature increases and increase when the relative humidity and rainfall increases.

scholarly journals Waldzustand in der Schweiz: Erfassung, Entwicklung und Einflussfaktoren

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Christian Hug ◽  
Lorenz Walthert
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Negative Effect

Forest condition in Switzerland: assessment, development and influencing factors In the early 1980s it was feared that air pollution would cause a widespread forest decline and a reduction in forest productivity. In Switzerland as in most European countries crown defoliation and foliage discoloration were selected as the most important indicators of forest condition. The Sanasilva inventory on a systematic network of plots showed an increase in the proportion of trees with high defoliation until 1995. Since then no trend has been detected. However, large annual fluctuations were often observed following years with large-scale climatic events, such as the storms Vivian and Lothar and the heat summer of 2003. Although highly variable, neither mortality nor removal rates have shown any time trend since 1985. The annual differences in crown defoliation, mortality and tree growth are mainly related to climatic factors. In addition to the climatic conditions, nutrient availability, soil water holding capacity and to a lesser extent air pollution determine the degree of crown defoliation at a given site and for a given species. Although several studies have found a negative effect of nitrogen deposition or ozone concentrations on tree foliation, others have shown that up to now nitrogen deposition has increased tree growth on nitrogen-limited sites. It can thus be concluded that presently air pollution does not pose a direct threat to tree conditions in Switzerland. However, the assessment of crown condition alone is not a suitable tool to detect the effects of air pollution on forests. This requires more detailed measurements on long-term research sites. However, as crown condition is strongly affected by site conditions and climate, it should be further monitored, particularly with regard to the predicted climate change.

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