Range expansion of Brewer's blackbird: phenetics of a new population

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Power
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
Made In

The Brewer's blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) is rapidly expanding its range eastward across Ontario and parts of the United States. This study was to determine if phenetic changes have taken place during or immediately after expansion. A sample was collected in 1968 in the vicinity of McKerrow, Ontario, near the periphery of the zone of expansion and where breeding was first recorded in 1962. For comparison, a second collection was made in the stable part of the range near Winnipeg, Manitoba. Statistical comparisons for 37 skin and skeletal characters were made between the two samples for both sexes. Tests for differences in character means suggest that strong directional selection, different from that in the stable part of the range, is not operating in the newly occupied area. Likewise, differences in population variability seem slight and do not show alterations in genetic variability that would be expected during a Carsonian population flush or that would be expected because of a partial founder effect.

Mexican Migration and the Social Space of Postmodernism

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Roger Rouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Single Word ◽  
The Social ◽  
Made In

In a hidden sweatshop in downtown Los Angeles, Asian and Latino migrants produce automobile parts for a factory in Detroit. As the parts leave the production line, they are stamped “Made in Brazil.” In a small village in the heart of Mexico, a young woman at her father’s wake wears a black T-shirt sent to her by a brother in the United States. The shirt bears a legend that some of the mourners understand but she does not. It reads, “Let’s Have Fun Tonight!” And on the Tijuana-San Diego border, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, a writer originally from Mexico City, reflects on the time he has spent in what he calls “the gap between two worlds”: “Today, eight years after my departure, when they ask me for my nationality or ethnic identity, I cannot answer with a single word, for my ‘identity’ now possesses multiple repertoires: I am Mexican but I am also Chicano and Latin American. On the border they call me ‘chilango’ or ‘mexiquillo’; in the capital, ‘pocho’ or ‘norteno,’ and in Spain ‘sudaca.’… My companion Emily is Anglo-Italian but she speaks Spanish with an Argentinian accent. Together we wander through the ruined Babel that is our American postmodemity.”

Bayesian Forcasting Model – 2020 Presidential Elections in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 704 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Maria Raczyńska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Bayesian Forecasting ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Made In

The article describes and explains a prior centric Bayesian forecasting model for the 2020 US elections.The model is based on the The Economist forecasting project, but strongly differs from it. From the technical point of view, it uses R and Stan programming and Stan software. The article’s focus is on theoretical decisions made in the process of constructing the model and outcomes. It describes why Bayesian models are used and how they are used to predict US presidential elections.

First Hemispheric Report of Invasive Tick Species Haemaphysalis Punctata Canestrini Et Fanzago, 1878, First State Report of Haemaphysalis Longicornis Neumann, and Range Expansion of Native Tick Species in Rhode Island, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M Tufts ◽  
Maria A Diuk-Wasser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Block Island

Abstract Invasive arthropod vectors and the range expansions of native vectors can lead to public and veterinary health concerns, as these vectors may introduce novel pathogens or spread endemic pathogens to new locations. Recent tick invasions and range expansion in the United States has been attributed to climate and land use change, an increase in global travel, and importations of exotic animals. A 10 year surveillance study was conducted on Block Island, Rhode Island from 2010–2020 including sampling ticks from small mammal and avian hosts. We report the discovery and establishment of the red sheep tick for the first time in the western hemisphere and in the United States. This invasive species was first collected in 2010 on Block Island, was collected continuously throughout the study, and was collected from an avian host. We document the first report of the invasive Asian longhorned tick in the state of Rhode Island, first observed at our sites in 2018. Finally, we present data on the range expansion and establishment of two native tick species, the lone star tick and the rabbit tick on Block Island. This study emphasized the importance of long-term surveillance to detect changes in tick host communities, including invasive and expanding native vectors of potential significance to humans and wildlife.

scholarly journals Detection of DNA and Ploidy Variation within Vegetatively Propagated Zoysiagrass Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Harris-Shultz ◽  
Susana Milla-Lewis ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Kevin Kenworthy ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Samples

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) is used as a warm-season turfgrass for lawns, parks, and golf courses in the warm, humid and transitional climatic regions of the United States. Zoysiagrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40) and some cultivars are known to easily self- and cross-pollinate. Previous studies showed that genetic variability in the clonal cultivars Emerald and Diamond was likely the result of contamination (seed production or mechanical transfer) or mislabeling. To determine the extent of genetic variability of vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass cultivars, samples were collected from six commercially available zoysiagrass cultivars (Diamond, Emerald, Empire, JaMur, Meyer, Zeon) from five states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas). Two of the newest cultivar releases (Geo and Atlantic) were to serve as outgroups. Where available, one sample from university research plots and two samples from sod farms were collected for each cultivar per state. Forty zoysiagrass simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and flow cytometry were used to compare genetic and ploidy variation of each collected sample to a reference sample. Seventy-five samples were genotyped and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering revealed four groups. Group I (Z. japonica) included samples of ‘Meyer’ and Empire11 (‘Empire’ sample at location #11), Group II (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) included samples of ‘Emerald’ and ‘Geo’, Group III (Z. matrella) included samples of ‘Diamond’ and ‘Zeon’, and Group IV (Z. japonica) consisted of samples from ‘Empire’, ‘JaMur’, ‘Atlantic’, and Meyer3 (‘Meyer’ at sample location #3). Samples of ‘Empire’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘JaMur’ were indistinguishable with the markers used. Four samples were found to have alleles different from the respective reference cultivar, including two samples of ‘Meyer’, one sample of ‘Empire’, and one sample of ‘Emerald’. Three of these samples were from Texas and one of these samples was from Florida. Three of the four samples that were different from the reference cultivar were university samples. In addition, one sample, Empire11, was found to be an octoploid (2n = 8x = 80). For those samples that had a fingerprint different from the reference cultivar, contamination, selfing, and/or hybridization with other zoysiagrasses may have occurred.

scholarly journals The Pseudoscorpions of Illinois

1949 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 413-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clayton Hoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
North Central ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Made In

Pseudoscorpions are minute animals only a few millimeters long, with the general appearance of diminutive scorpions except that they have no tails. They belong to the large phylum of joint-legged animals, the Arthropoda, and to the class Arachnida. which, in addition to the pseudoscorpions, embraces the spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related groups. Pseudoscorpions are seclusive in habit, occurring in soil cover and rotten logs, under bark, and in similar places out of doors: one species is found in houses. In their natural habitat, these little brown animals arc difficult to see. especially when they draw in their legs and "play possum." In this position they look like little specks of dirt. Probably because pseudoscorpions are inconspicuous, few collections of the group have been made in the past, and the fauna, at least of North America, and especially of the central and north-central United States, has remained scantily known. The object of this report is twofold, first to present illustrated keys and descriptions for the identification of species in this region, and, secondly, to summarize information regarding the distribution, biology, and habitat preferences of the species. As an aid in use of the keys, a section has been included on morphology, in which the structures now considered of major taxonomic importance are explained. Summarizing the distribution has been especially difficult because many identifications made prior to Chamberlin's work are probably incorrect and should be rechecked before they are cited. Because of this situation there is little accurate information to serve as a guide in foretelling what additional described species may be collected in Illinois. In order to make this report of wide application, the keys have been made to include all the genera known from the central and northeastern portions of the United States and adjacent portions of Canada.

scholarly journals Online Gardening Search Activities and Purchases

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Brittany Harte ◽  
Chengyan Yue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Made In

Abstract Consumers have readily adopted personal computers and Internet technology with many seeking information and/or make purchases online. However, the extent to which horticultural consumers seek information and make purchases online is not well documented. A survey of 1588 consumers, representative of the United States on average, was conducted in 2004 to provide baseline information about online gardening search and purchase activities. Nearly 28% searched for gardening information at least once; of those, more than 50% of the participants searched for information at least weekly. There were differences in gardening-related searches by age and marital status, but not by region of residence, income, or gender. Nearly 50% of the study respondents made an online purchase in the year prior to the survey but only 7.4% made a gardening related purchase online. Over 50% had made a gardening-related purchase in-person. The same respondents who made in-person purchases were the individuals who made the online gardening purchases, so the Internet provided a supplemental shopping venue. There were demographic differences between those who made online gardening purchases and solely in-person gardening purchases. More males, younger and slightly less affluent participants were more likely to make online purchases than solely in-person purchases for gardening products, supplies, and services while more females who were slightly older and more affluent were more likely to make in-person gardening-related purchases.

scholarly journals Invasion Pathways of Karnal Bunt of Wheat into the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marshall ◽  
Timothy T. Work ◽  
Joseph F. Cavey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Tilletia Indica ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Established Disease ◽  
Made In

Karnal bunt of wheat (caused by Tilletia indica) was first detected in the United States in Arizona in 1996. The seed lots of infected, spring-habit, durum wheat associated with the initial detection were traced to planted fields in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. However, in the summer of 1997, the disease appeared in unrelated, winter-habit, bread wheat located over 700 km from the nearest potentially contaminated wheat from 1996 (and destroyed prior to reinfection). Here, we examined potential invasion pathways of the fungus associated with the movement of wheat into the United States. We analyzed the USDA/APHIS Port Information Network (PIN) database from 1984 through 2000 to determine likely pathways of introduction based on where, when, and how the disease was intercepted coming into the United States. All interceptions were made on wheat transported from Mexico, with the majority (98.8%) being intercepted at land border crossings. Karnal bunt was not intercepted from any other country over the 17-year period analyzed. Most interceptions were on wheat found in automobiles, trucks, and railway cars. The majority of interceptions were made at Laredo, Brownsville, Eagle Pass, and El Paso, TX, and Nogales, AZ. Karnal bunt was intercepted in all 17 years; however, interceptions peaked in 1986 and 1987. Averaged over all years, more interceptions (19.2%) were made in the month of May than in any other month. Our results indicate that Karnal bunt has probably arrived in the United States on many occasions, at least since 1984. Because of the relatively unaggressive nature of the disease and its reliance on rather exacting weather conditions for infection, we surmised that it is possible this disease has a long period of latent survival between initial arrival and becoming a thriving, established disease.

Karl Marx's Vision of America: A Biographical and Bibliographical Sketch

1980 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-503
Author(s):  
Robert Weiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
New Era ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Made In

Karl Marx and the United States is a subject which immediately elicits interest, but also surprise. Interest, because of its contemporary importance; surprise, because Marx and America have appeared so remote from one another. Marx has definitely influenced America, but that will not be the theme of this essay —instead, we will concern ourselves with the role of America in the thought of Marx. The magnitude of this role is illustrated by a statement made in Marx's letter to Abraham Lincoln, written in 1864 on behalf of the International Workingmen's Association:The workingmen of Europe feel sure that as the American war of independence initiated a new era of the ascendency of the middle-class, so the American Anti-slavery war will do for the working-class.

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