Detection of DNA and Ploidy Variation within Vegetatively Propagated Zoysiagrass Cultivars

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) is used as a warm-season turfgrass for lawns, parks, and golf courses in the warm, humid and transitional climatic regions of the United States. Zoysiagrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40) and some cultivars are known to easily self- and cross-pollinate. Previous studies showed that genetic variability in the clonal cultivars Emerald and Diamond was likely the result of contamination (seed production or mechanical transfer) or mislabeling. To determine the extent of genetic variability of vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass cultivars, samples were collected from six commercially available zoysiagrass cultivars (Diamond, Emerald, Empire, JaMur, Meyer, Zeon) from five states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas). Two of the newest cultivar releases (Geo and Atlantic) were to serve as outgroups. Where available, one sample from university research plots and two samples from sod farms were collected for each cultivar per state. Forty zoysiagrass simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and flow cytometry were used to compare genetic and ploidy variation of each collected sample to a reference sample. Seventy-five samples were genotyped and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering revealed four groups. Group I (Z. japonica) included samples of ‘Meyer’ and Empire11 (‘Empire’ sample at location #11), Group II (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) included samples of ‘Emerald’ and ‘Geo’, Group III (Z. matrella) included samples of ‘Diamond’ and ‘Zeon’, and Group IV (Z. japonica) consisted of samples from ‘Empire’, ‘JaMur’, ‘Atlantic’, and Meyer3 (‘Meyer’ at sample location #3). Samples of ‘Empire’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘JaMur’ were indistinguishable with the markers used. Four samples were found to have alleles different from the respective reference cultivar, including two samples of ‘Meyer’, one sample of ‘Empire’, and one sample of ‘Emerald’. Three of these samples were from Texas and one of these samples was from Florida. Three of the four samples that were different from the reference cultivar were university samples. In addition, one sample, Empire11, was found to be an octoploid (2n = 8x = 80). For those samples that had a fingerprint different from the reference cultivar, contamination, selfing, and/or hybridization with other zoysiagrasses may have occurred.

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ANALISIS TAKSOMETRI Anthurium SCHOTT (ARACEAE)

Scripta Biologica ◽

10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.34 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Muhammad Falah ◽

Pudji Widodo ◽

Hexa Apriliana Hidayah

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Group Iv ◽

Group Method ◽

Group Iii ◽

Similarity Relationship ◽

Pair Group ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Anthurium Schott is one of the commercial ornamental plants in Indonesia. This genus has a high morphological variation amongst its species. This study aims to determine the similarity relationship amongst Anthurium based on morphological characters including stems, leaves, and inflorescences. This study was carried out from June to July 2012 in several locations in Purwokerto and Baturraden area, and Balai Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (B2TPH) Banyumas Regency. This study used explorative method with purposive random sampling. The results of the analysis using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) showed that there were 17 taxa which can be classified into 4 groups. Group I consisted of A. andraeanum “Renoir Pink”, A. andraeanum “Safari”, A. andraeanum “White”, A. andraeanum “Tropical”, A. andraeanum “cv. 1”, A. andraeanum “Amigo”, and A. nymphaeifolium. Group II consisted of A. pedatoradiatum ssp. helleborifolium, A. crystallinum, A. andicola “Kuku Bima” and A. andicola “Red List”. Group III consisted of A. crassinervium “Crispimarginatum” and A. plowmanii. Group IV consisted of A. hookeri “Garuda”, A. hookeri “Red Hookeri”, A. bonplandii ssp. guayanum, and A. jenmanii. Group I was the sister group of Group II, as well as Group III to Group IV. The closest similarity relationship was between A. andraeanum “Renoir Pink” and A. andraeanum “Safari”, whereas the farthest one was between A. bonplandii ssp. guayanum and A. andraeanum “Tropical”.

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Genetic variability in natural populations of Zeyheria montana mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000400012 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bianca Waléria Bertoni ◽

Spartaco Astolfi Filho ◽

Ernani Ronie Martins ◽

Carlos Ferreira Damião Filho ◽

Suzelei de Castro França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Group Method ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Popular Medicine ◽

Pair Group ◽

Optimized Protocol ◽

Geographical Distances

Zeyheria montana, an endemic species of the Bignoniaceae family from the Brazilian Cerrado's known for its anti-cancer properties, is widely used as imuno stimulant in the popular medicine and its therapeutic activity must be validated by scientific data. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of eight plant populations collected within the state of São Paulo, Brazil, via Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) used as molecular markers. After an optimized protocol for the amplification reaction, nine selected primers generated 105 reproducible bands, indicating up to 60% polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher genetic variation within populations (84.03%) than among populations (15.97%). The variation values estimated by phiST (0.160) indicated moderate to high inter population structuration. Levels of similarity inter plants with genetic and geographical distances, estimated by the unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA) clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination methods and by the Mantel test (-0.2345 p = 0.118) denoted that the structure found follows the island model, which assumes that a single population of infinite size may have initiated the existing populations of Zeyheria montana, with no spatial position correlation. Based on the obtained data, a germplasm bank from individuals representing the species variability was established. Furthermore the information here reported can be of importance to develop strategies for the conservation of Z. montana.

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Application of ITAP-PCR Techniques to Assess the Genetic Variability of Selected Cultivars of Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47311494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 947-953

Author(s):

Izabela SZUĆKO ◽

Anna MĄDRACH

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Group Method ◽

Fast Method ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Pair Group ◽

Cereal Plant ◽

Seed Market ◽

Polymorphism Rate ◽

Triticosecale Wittmack

The increasing use of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) indicates that its position on the seed market is constantly strengthening; therefore, the research on its genetic variability is necessary to improve breeding process of new cultivars. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using the ITAP-PCR technique to analyse the genetic similarity of nine cultivars of winter triticale cultivated in Poland. Primers designed on the basis of 6 DNA transposon sequences commonly found in cereal plant genomes were used for the study. The average polymorphism rate in the genotypes used in the study was determined as 95.24%; in total, 75 bands were obtained, of which 73 were polymorphic. The PIC value ranged between 0.27 and 0.44, and was highest for the Hamlet primer. The lowest PIC value was observed for the Mutator primer. The average DI value was 0.34, MI - 4.08, AEI - 12.17 and IPI - 4.40. SI ranged from 36.7% to 1.7%. A dendrogram was created according to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), which in terms of genetic similarity divided the analysed winter triticale cultivars into two main similarity groups.We confirmed that ITAP technique of transposon-based marker is efficient and fast method to detect genetic variability between different winter triticale cultivars. In addition, the presence of analyzed transposon families in hexaploid triticale has not been studied earlier.

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SSR Markers Reveal the Genetic Diversity of Asian Cercis Taxa at the U.S. National Arboretum

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11441-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 498-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandra S. Thammina ◽

David L. Kidwell-Slak ◽

Stefan Lura ◽

Margaret R. Pooler

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

The United States ◽

Group Method ◽

Cercis Canadensis ◽

Landscape Plant ◽

Pair Group ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽

Eastern Redbud ◽

The U.S

The redbud (Cercis L. species) is a popular landscape plant grown widely in the United States. There are more than 20 cultivars of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) and at least three cultivars of Asian taxa (primarily Cercis chinensis Bunge) in the trade. The U.S. National Arboretum (USNA) has a diverse collection of Cercis germplasm collected in North America and Asia. Fourteen genomic simple sequence repeat (genomic-SSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 53 accessions of Asian Cercis taxa from our collection, including C. chinensis, Cercis chingii Chun, Cercis gigantea ined., Cercis glabra Pamp., Cercis racemosa Oliv., and Cercis yunnanensis Hu and W. C. Cheng. SSR markers detected an average of 5.7 alleles per locus with a range of two to nine alleles. A dendrogram was generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Four major clusters were identified. Accessions tended to group by taxa or provenance, but with some notable exceptions caused either by misidentification or nomenclatural confusion in the species. This information will be used for collection management and for making decisions in the breeding program to maximize genetic diversity of cultivated Cercis.

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Blueberry Cultivar Identification Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Sequence-characterized Amplified Region Markers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12105-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1483-1489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang Hee Cho ◽

Seo Jun Park ◽

Su Jin Kim ◽

Se Hee Kim ◽

Han Chan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

The United States ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Polymorphic Band ◽

Group Method ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

United States Department ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Pair Group

Blueberry cultivars have traditionally been identified based on the evaluation of sets of morphological characters; however, distinguishing closely related cultivars remains difficult. In the present study, we developed DNA markers for the genetic fingerprinting of 45 blueberry cultivars, including 31 cultivars introduced from the United States Department of Agriculture. We obtained 210 random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using 43 different primers. The number of polymorphic bands ranged from three (OPG-10 and OPQ-04) to eight (OPR-16), with an average of five. A cluster analysis performed with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages produced genetic similarity values among the blueberry cultivars ranging from 0.53 to 0.85, with an average similarity of 0.68. A dendrogram clustered the 45 blueberry cultivars into two main clusters, with a similarity value of 0.65. Cluster I consisted of four rabbiteye cultivars (Pink Lemonade, Alapaha, Titan, and Vernon) and the Ashworth northern highbush cultivar. Cluster II consisted of 31 northern highbush cultivars, eight southern highbush blueberry cultivars, and Northland half-highbush blueberry cultivar. Fifty five RAPD fragments selected were sequenced to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, resulting in the successful conversion of 16 of 55 fragments into SCAR markers. An amplified polymorphic band has the same size as the RAPD fragment or smaller according to the primer combinations in the 16 SCAR markers. Among these markers, a combination of 11 SCAR markers provided sufficient polymorphisms to distinguish the blueberry cultivars investigated in this study. These newly developed markers could be a fast and reliable tool to identify blueberry cultivars.

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Range expansion of Brewer's blackbird: phenetics of a new population

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z71-027 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dennis M. Power

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Range Expansion ◽

Founder Effect ◽

The United States ◽

Directional Selection ◽

Population Variability ◽

Two Samples ◽

Stable Part ◽

Made In

The Brewer's blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) is rapidly expanding its range eastward across Ontario and parts of the United States. This study was to determine if phenetic changes have taken place during or immediately after expansion. A sample was collected in 1968 in the vicinity of McKerrow, Ontario, near the periphery of the zone of expansion and where breeding was first recorded in 1962. For comparison, a second collection was made in the stable part of the range near Winnipeg, Manitoba. Statistical comparisons for 37 skin and skeletal characters were made between the two samples for both sexes. Tests for differences in character means suggest that strong directional selection, different from that in the stable part of the range, is not operating in the newly occupied area. Likewise, differences in population variability seem slight and do not show alterations in genetic variability that would be expected during a Carsonian population flush or that would be expected because of a partial founder effect.

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Genetic Divergence Among a Breeding Population of Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as Determined by Multivariate Statistical Methods

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Maria Clideana Cabral Maia ◽

Mirian Fernandes Carvalho Araújo ◽

Lucio Borges de Araújo ◽

Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias ◽

Luís Cláudio de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Group Method ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Group Iii ◽

Pair Group ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence.

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Analyses of the genetic diversity and population structures ofHistoplasma capsulatumclinical isolates from Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia and Argentina, using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR assay

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268819000931 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. H. Sahaza ◽

E. Duarte-Escalante ◽

C. Canteros ◽

G. Rodríguez-Arellanes ◽

M. R. Reyes-Montes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

The United States ◽

Group Method ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Cophenetic Correlation ◽

Group I ◽

Rapd Pcr

AbstractWe studied the genetic diversity and the population structure of human isolates ofHistoplasma capsulatum, the causative agent of histoplasmosis, using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) assay to identify associations with the geographic distribution of isolates from Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia and Argentina. The RAPD-PCR pattern analyses revealed the genetic diversity by estimating the percentage of polymorphic loci, effective number of alleles, Shannon's index and heterozygosity. Population structure was identified by the index of association (IA) test. Thirty-seven isolates were studied and clustered into three groups by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Group I contained five subgroups based on geographic origin. The consistency of the UPGMA dendrogram was estimated by the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCCr= 0.94,P= 0.001). Isolates from Mexico and Colombia presented higher genetic diversity than isolates from Argentina. Isolates from Guatemala grouped together with the reference strains from the United States of America and Panama. TheIAvalues suggest the presence of a clonal population structure in the ArgentinianH. capsulatumisolates and also validate the presence of recombining populations in the Colombian and Mexican isolates. These data contribute to the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis in Latin America.

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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF Rottboellia cochinchinensis POPULATIONS IN SUGARCANE FIELDS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340300008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 475-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.R. SCHIAVETTO ◽

D. PERECIN ◽

L.R. PINTO ◽

C.A.M. AZANIA ◽

F.S. ZERA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Group Method ◽

Jaccard Coefficient ◽

São Paulo ◽

Pair Group ◽

Analysis System ◽

Rottboellia Cochinchinensis

ABSTRACT The hypothesis assumed was the existence of biotypes within populations, which has been the cause of difficulties in itchgrass control by farmers. For that, the genetic variability of three populations of Rottboellia cochinchinensis in sugarcane fields in the state of São Paulo was investigated by using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Six primers were used to obtain molecular characterization data. AFLP gels were analyzed based on marker presence (1) and absence (0). Using NTSYs (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) software, the genetic similarity was calculated by the Jaccard coefficient and, from that, a dendrogram was built through the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic averages) method, besides determining the isopolymorphic marks. The average genetic similarities seen in the region was 0.742 for Igarapava, 0.793 for Mococa and 0.808 for Piracicaba. Between regions it was 0.730 (Igarapava vs Mococa), 0.735 (Mococa vs Piracicaba) and 0.694 (Igarapava vs Piracicaba). In line with the dendrogram, it is possible to detect the formation of two groups, one with 8 plants from Igarapava and Mococa and the other with 21 plants from Igarapava, Mococa and Piracicaba, as well as the presence of 1 discriminant individual from Piracicaba. It can be concluded that the genetic similarity among itchgrass populations from the state of São Paulo was high (72%), which denotes that the difficulties in chemical management are not only due to different biotypes but also due to other characteristics linked to tolerance of the species to herbicides. However, biotype existence cannot be discarded because of the polymorphic marks generating 22% average genetic variability.

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Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships among Plum Germplasm Resources in China Assessed with Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.132.5.619 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 132 (5) ◽

pp. 619-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Weisheng Liu ◽

Dongcheng Liu ◽

Aimin Zhang ◽

Chenjing Feng ◽

Jianmin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Group Method ◽

Jaccard Coefficient ◽

Sequence Repeat ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Simple Sequence

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity and interrelationship among 104 plum (Prunus L. spp.) and related accessions from the Chinese National Germplasm Repository for Plums and Apricots and the Tianshan Germplasm Repository for Wild Fruit Resources, including six plum species (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus simonii Carr., Prunus ussuriensis Kov. et Kost., Prunus domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., and Prunus spinosa L.), two related species [apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and nanking cherry (Prunus tomentosa Thunb.)], eight putative hybrids between plum and apricot (plumcot), and six accessions of wild European plum (P. domestica). Out of the 42 ISSR primers, 12 were selected, which generated 103 markers in total, 99 of which were polymorphic. Possible accession-specific ISSR bands or patterns were also found. Some possible synonyms or homonyms were clarified or discussed, and closely related accessions such as bud mutants were discriminated. Based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using the Jaccard coefficient, two different dendrograms were constructed—one including accessions grouped by species and one with all 104 accessions—and a two-dimensional plot was obtained. Three groups were formed in both dendrograms and PCoA plot: Group I including apricot (‘Yinxiangbai’) and plumcot types; Group II containing Asia-originated diploid species [e.g., P. cerasifera, P. ussuriensis, P. tomentosa, and Chinese plum-types (i.e., P. salicina and its hybrids)]; and Group III involving European-origin polyploid species (e.g., P. spinosa and P. domestica) and recently found wild European plum accessions in China. The dendrogram with accessions grouped by species implied that 1) plumcot types had closer relatedness with apricot than with plum; 2) P. simonii should be a variant of P. salicina while P. ussuriensis an independent species; 3) P. domestica was more closely related to P. spinosa than to P. cerasifera. Two accessions of European plum (‘89-7-3’ and ‘Wanhei’) were clustered into outgroups in the dendrogram with all 104 accessions, which could been grouped within Group III in the PCoA plot. The distribution of both European plum and Chinese plum-types across respective groups did not reflect the geographic origins. The present study also further confirmed that the wild plants found in Xinjiang of China were P. domestica.

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