Infection of American smelt in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie with the microsporidian parasite Glugea hertwigi (Weissenberg)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chen ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Male Fish

In samples taken monthly throughout the year the percentage of American smelt in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie containing cysts of Glugea hertwigi was 5.2% and 62.7% respectively. Sexual differences in incidence were observed, the significance of which was uncertain as results from the two lakes were contradictory.In male fish infection was almost entirely restricted to the digestive tract with few cysts in the liver, skin, and testes. In female fish the digestive tract and ovaries were similarly infected.Seasonal fluctuations in Glugea infection were obvious and seemed correlated with the gonadal cycle. In both sexes the highest parasite load corresponded with the onset of maturation.A striking difference in fecundity between the two smelt populations was attributed to the Glugea infection. In females parasite cysts replaced ovarian tissue, causing a reduction in the number of maturing eggs.

Effects of estrogen on whole animal and tissue glucose use in female and male rainbow trout

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. R1241-R1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Washburn ◽  
M. L. Bruss ◽  
E. H. Avery ◽  
R. A. Freedland
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish

Reports of changes in carbohydrate metabolism during vitellogenesis in fish prompted an investigation of the effects of estrogen on glucose utilization in rainbow trout. Estrogen pellets were implanted in both female and male fish, and a third group of male fish was given a sham operation. After cannulation of the dorsal aorta, D-[1-3H]glucose and 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose were injected into the fish to observe whole animal and tissue glucose use. We found that estrogen does not affect glucose turnover rate or transit time but causes a decrease in plasma glucose concentration and size of the glucose mixing pool. Adipose tissue in female fish utilized glucose at a higher rate than sham fish. Ovarian tissue used more glucose per kilogram of body weight than the testes of the male fish. Regardless of treatment, brain had the highest rate of glucose consumption per gram of tissue, followed by gonads and red blood cells. Muscle and adipose tissue utilized only small amounts (< 1 nmol.g tissue-1.min-1) of glucose. We conclude that an increase in the rate of whole body glucose use is not responsible for the fall in plasma glucose caused by estrogen and seen during vitellogenesis.

Occurrence of Glugea hertwigi in Lake Erie Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) and Associated Mortality of Adult Smelt

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Nepszy ◽  
Alex O. Dechtiar
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
West Central

The occurrence of cysts of Glugea hertwigi, a microsporidian parasite, in Lake Erie rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) has been monitored since 1960 when it was first recorded. Annual sampling has shown that an increasing proportion (up to 87.5% in 1971) of the smelt population has been infected.An unusually severe mortality among adult smelt occurred during early May, 1971, in western and west central Lake Erie. Sampling of dead and obviously stressed smelt revealed that 97.3% of the males and 76.7% of the females were heavily loaded with cysts in the intestines and gonads, respectively. It is suggested that the parasite load contributed to the unusual severity of the normal postspawning mortality.

Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Reproduction biology of Abe's flyingfish, Cheilopogon abei Parin, 1996 in Geser East Seram Strait Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Friesland Tuapetel
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
June July

Eco-biological information of Cheilopogon abei in Geser Streit is unknown. The objective of this research is to observe the sex ratio, first size maturity, gonad maturity and gonado somatic index (GSI) with fecundity of flying fish Ch abei in Geser East Seram Strait waters. Sampling was done for ten months started from February to November 2018, using gill net measuring 1.50 inch. All fish samples were measured in fork length and weighted so dissected to make observations on the level of gonad maturity and the number of eggs in female fish. A total of 682 flying fish was found during the study with a fork length range of 182.6-243.3 mm and a weight of 73.98-115.45 g. The results of the analysis showed that the proportion of the number of male fish was less than that of the female fish for almost every month of observation. The first size gonad mature of male and female is 210.5 mm and 214.1 mm FL. The gonad maturity index of male fish ranges from 0,963-7,967 and female fish ranges 1,315-8,069, the total fecundity is 2321-9438 eggs. Gonads of ripe fish in each month of observation. The spawning peak of Ch abei takes place in June-July and it is hoped that no arrests will be made in both months, to ensure the sustainability of the stock.

scholarly journals The The spawning aplication of Koi (Cyprinus carpio) using semi-natural method in Desa Perbarakan, Deli Serdang Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Desrita ◽  
Vindy Rilani Manurung ◽  
Rizky Febriansyah Siregar ◽  
Rusdi Leidonald ◽  
Amanatul Fadhilah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Egg Yolks

Based on statistical analysis from Dinas Kelautan Perikanan, Deli Serdang Regency in 2018, The capacity for freshwater aquaculture output was recorded at 1328.9 tons / year with a land area of 65.9 ha , which is a problem for the aquaculture community with the decreasing quantity of seed production, limited infrastructure and development management which is still conventional in Desa Perbarakan, Deli Serdang Regency, therefore it is important to implement the required application of science and technology, namely the implementation of semi-natural methods of spawning techniques of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio). Counseling, seminars and practices are the methods of tasks carried out. Extension activities were carried out by illustrating the conceptual awareness of the development of koi fish spawning strategies, the distribution of leaflets, the application of recognition technology, as well as tools and resources, including the dose of gonadotropin hormone (GnH) in broodfish and fish anaesthetic techniques. For female fish, the injected hormone level is 0.5 ml / kg and 0.1 ml / kg for male fish. The weight of the female fish is 1 kg tancho sanke doitsu, 0.5 ml/gr, and the weight of the male fish is 1 kg. At a dose of 0.1 ml / gr and 900 g of shiro, kohaku at a level of 0.09 ml / gr. The result is that the number of eggs is estimated at 10,000, and then the eggs hatch within 2-4 days. Boiled egg yolks are fed to the eggs which hatch into the larvae, then the larvae are transferred to the nursery pon after 10 days of age.

scholarly journals Relationship between Gender and Opinion Leadership among the Fish Farmers of Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Dileshwari Ratre ◽  
S. N. Ojha ◽  
Arpita Sharma ◽  
Ramasubramanian V ◽  
Rajpal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Opinion Leadership ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Extension Professionals

The ratio of fish farmers to fisheries extension professionals was 1:1000 which is too low. Para-extension functionaries can fill up this gap in the fisheries sector to improve the production and productivity of fishers. The opinion leaders from the local fish farmers community will help identify fish farmers who can further transfer the knowledge concerning how to fish to others through their diffusion network. This study was undertaken to analyze gender roles in fish farming and their relation with opinion leaders. It was observed that 90% of male fish farmers had control of fisheries/family resources, and 97 per cent of fish farmers were found to have contact with male opinion leaders. At the same time, 33% of female fish farmers were contacted by shelf help groups and local progressive farmers. The study shows that the opinion leaders influenced the fish farmers’ diffusion network and their knowledge about how to fish. To involve women in the fisheries sector, empower women, there is also a need to select opinion leaders preferred by women fish farmers.

scholarly journals Age and Method of Inoculation Influence the Infection of Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) by Nosema ceranae

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Urbieta-Magro ◽  
Mariano Higes ◽  
Aránzazu Meana ◽  
Laura Barrios ◽  
Raquel Martín-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae is a highly prevalent, global honey bee pathogen. Apis mellifera is considered to be a relatively recent host for this microsporidia, which raises questions as to how it affects its host’s physiology, behavior and longevity, both at the individual and colony level. As such, honey bees were inoculated with fresh purified spores of this pathogen, both individually (Group A) or collectively (Group B) and they were studied from 0 to 15 days post-emergence (p.e.) to evaluate the effect of bee age and the method of inoculation at 7 days post-infection. The level of infection was analyzed individually by qPCR by measuring the relative amount of the N. ceranae polar tubule protein 3 (PTP3) gene. The results show that the bee’s age and the method of infection directly influence parasite load, and thus, early disease development. Significant differences were found regarding bee age at the time of infection, whereby the youngest bees (new-born and 1 day p.e.) developed the highest parasite load, with this load decreasing dramatically in bees infected at 2 days p.e. before increasing again in bees infected at 3–4 days p.e. The parasite load in bees infected when older than 4 days p.e. diminished as they aged. When the age cohort data was pooled and grouped according to the method of infection, a significantly higher mean concentration and lower variation in N. ceranae infection was evident in Group A, indicating greater variation in experimental infection when spores were administered collectively to bees through their food. In summary, these data indicate that both biological and experimental factors should be taken into consideration when comparing data published in the literature.

scholarly journals Cellular distribution of a feminizing microsporidian parasite: a strategy for transovarial transmission

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. TERRY ◽  
A. M. DUNN ◽  
J. E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Polar Filament ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Perinuclear Cytoplasm

The cellular distribution of a vertically transmitted, feminizing microsporidian was followed in its host Gammarus duebeni. In adult females the parasite was restricted to gonadal tissue, in particular primary and secondary follicle cells. Spores were diplokaryotic with a thin spore wall and a short polar filament, characteristics typical of ‘early’ spores involved in autoinfection. The diplokaryotic life-cycle, absence of spore groupings and of a pansporoblast membrane typify the genus Nosema. However, the unusual globular polaroplast of the spore and restriction of this stage to host ovarian tissue have not previously been described in Nosema. Sporogony occurred only in follicle cells adjacent to developing oocytes and was in synchrony with the process of vitellogenesis. Oocytes were infected after formation of intracellular connections with follicle cells but harboured only vegetative stages of the parasite. Parasites were associated with the perinuclear cytoplasm and, in developing embryos, segregated to daughter cells along the axis of the spindle. In juvenile animals there was no evidence of pathology linked with feminization and the parasite was found at low density in cells under the cuticle. The parasite is highly adapted to transovarial transmission with an efficient mechanism of oocyte infection and no evidence of pathology.

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