Histochemistry and the structure of the skin of a murrel, Channa striata (Bloch, 1797) (Channiformes, Channidae). II. Dermis and subcutis

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mittal ◽  
T. K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Channa Striata

The structure and the cytochemistry of the dermis and the subcutis of Channa striata, which buries in mud to survive droughts, is described and correlated with its habitat. The dermis consists of an outer stratum laxum and an inner stratum compactum. The stratum laxum is mainly composed of well-developed scales lodged in connective tissue pockets which are characterized by the presence of huge deposits of lipids. These lipids may play important roles: in supplying energy during the period of fasting, acting as a barrier for water diffusion through the skin, and serving as shock absorbers, protecting the body from mechanical injury during burrowing. The presence of sulfated acid-mucopolysaccharides, the substantia amorpha in the stratum laxum, has been described as an adaptation to prevent desiccation. Alkaline phosphatase, sulfated acid-mucopolysaccharides, and calcium are closely associated in the osseous layer of the scales and probably play an important role in calcification. Numerous fine collagen fiber strands connecting the basement membrane to the scales provide firm attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. The presence of a relatively thin subcutis may be correlated with the well-developed layer of fat cells in the stratum laxum.

The Infrastructure of the Tegument of Moniliformis dubius(Acanthocephala)

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (74) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
W. L. NICHOLAS ◽  
E. H. MERCER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Vacuole Formation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles

The ultrastructure of the body wall of Moniliformis dubius has been studied in the light and electron microscope. It consists of an apparently syncytial tegument, overlaid by a tenuous cuticle in the form of a finely fibrous extracellular fringe and is backed by a basement membrane and fibrous connective tissue. The tegument contains a framework of fibres, which, distally, is connected to a dense fibrous meshwork separated from the cuticle by two membranes. Within the syncytial tegument are found the usual cytoplasmic organelles: mitochondria (often degenerate in structure), Golgi clusters, small amounts of other smooth membranes, and numerous dense particles (glycogen and perhaps ribosomes). Many mitochondria contain dense particles. Evidence of vacuole formation at the surface of the tegument suggests that pinocytosis plays a part in assimilation.

Macroscopic, Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on the Kidneys of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Singh ◽  
Balwant Meshram ◽  
Hemant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Intense Activity

Background: Kidneys, the paired organ which essentially plays for excreting nitrogenous wastes, excessive water, inorganic salts and toxic substances produced during the process of body metabolism. Maintenance of osmotic regulation and homeostatic fluid balance of the body has also be performed by kidneys. Each of the kidneys filtrate carried to cloaca by respective ureter from where the urine leaves the body. The present macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical studies undertaken on the Kidneys of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is nothing but the attempt to widen our thrust area for that bird which is nonexistent as on documentation.Methods: The present studies were carried upon 12 pairs of in-vitro kidney samples in Guinea fowl. Gross morphology and morphometrical observations were carried on fresh specimens. Histological studies were carried on fixed samples those were processed for dehydration, clearing, embedding into paraffin and sections of 5-6 μ thickness were obtained. Different staining procedure as to Haematoxylin and Eosin, Silver orcein, Aniline blue and Weigert’s staining methods were employed for different histological components. The histochemical and histoenzymic studies were also accomplished with Periodic acid Schiff‘s (PAS), Alcian blue methods (pH-2.5) and Gomori’s cobalt method for Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase. The Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme was also estimated on cryostat sections.Result: The observations on kidneys of Guinea fowl were accomplished after macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical means. This reddish-brown colored paired organ of kidneys was retroperitoneally placed in synsacral fossa and had incomplete division of three parts. The wrapping material of capsule was the dense connective tissue. The outer cortex and inner medulla had different parts of nephrons. Two types of nephrons viz. mammalian type (with Henle loop) and reptilian type (without Henle loop) were observed. Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers were there in different components of the kidney. Histochemically it has determined the secretion of neutral as well as acidic mucopolysaccharide substances. PAS activity was observed at mesangial cells and basement membrane of DCT. The Alkaline phosphatase showed the positive activity in capsule, brush border of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The Acid phosphatases were showing intense activity in parietal and visceral layer of renal corpuscles, lumen and basement membrane of PCT. The intense activity of Succinic dehydrogenase showed at PCT, DCT, collecting tubule whereas renal corpuscles showed feeble activity.

scholarly journals Morphology of the testes and epididymal ducts in the pampas cat Leopardus colocolo (Molina, 1782)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mehanna ◽  
◽  
André L.S. Ferreira ◽  
Adelina Ferreira ◽  
Regina C.R. Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Mato Grosso

ABSTRACT: The pampas cat Leopardus colocolo (Molina, 1782) is a species of the Felidae family, widely distributed in South America, included on CITES Appendix II and classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, with population trend decreasing. Based on this information, the objective of this study is to describe morphologically the testes and epididymal ducts of pampas cat. The animal, coming from the Federal University of Mato Grosso Zoo, Brazil, had died after anesthesia procedure and the male reproductive system was dissected to collect the testicles. The samples taken were fragmented and histologically examined. From the microscopic analysis of the testes were identified: vaginal and tunica albuginea, formed by dense connective tissue modeled with large amount of collagen fibers. The tunica albuginea fibrous septa emits into the body. The seminiferous tubules are coiled and coated internally by spermatogenic epithelium consisting of Sertoli cells, surrounded by a basement membrane in the presence of myoid cells. The interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules, is composed of loose connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and Leydig cells in polyhedral shape. The epididymal ducts showed pseudostratified columnar epithelium with secretory cells of which stereocilia design, situated on a basement membrane filled by myoid cells. This epithelium has principal and basal cells, the main cell design stereocilia toward the lumen of the epididymal duct.

scholarly journals II. Note on the intracellular development of blood-corpuscles in mammalia

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
New Born ◽  
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
In Cells

If the subcutaneous connective tissue of the new-born rat is examined under the microscope in an indifferent fluid, it is found to consist chiefly of an almost homogeneous hyaline ground-substance, which is traversed by a few wavy fibres, and has a considerable number of exceedingly delicate, more or less flattened cells scattered throughout the tissue. The cells here spoken of are of course the connective-tissue corpuscles. They are not much branched as a rule (at any rate their branches do not extend far from the body of the corpuscle), and they are mainly distinguished by the extraordinary amount of vacuolation which they exhibit—by which is meant the formation within the protoplasm of minute clear spherules, less refractive than that substance, and probably, therefore, spaces in it containing a watery fluid. The nuclei, of which there is generally not more than one in each cell, are frequently obscured by the vacuoles, but, when visible, are seen to be round or oval in shape and beautifully clear and homogeneous; they commonly contain either one or two nucleoli. It is from these cells that the blood-vessels of the tissue are formed, and within them, red, and perhaps also, white blood-corpuscles become developed. Of the vacuolated cells above described some possess a distinct reddish tinge, either pretty evenly diffused over the whole corpuscle, or in one or more patches, not distinctly circumscribed, but fading off into the surrounding protoplasm. Others contain either one, two, or a greater number of reddish globules, consisting apparently of hæmoglobin. These vary in size, from minute specks to spherules as large as, or even larger than, the red corpuscles of the adult: in cells which are apparently least developed it is common to find them of various sizes in the same cell; whereas cells which are further advanced in development are not uncommonly crowded with hæmoglobin-globules, tolerably equal in point of size, and differing from the adult corpuscle only in shape. It is important to remark that there is, at no time, an indication of any structure within the globules resembling a nucleus: the nucleus of the cell also appears, up to this point at least, to undergo no change. In fact the formation of the hæmoglobin-globules reminds one rather of a deposit within the cell-substance such as occurs in developing fat-cells, the difference being that in the latter case the deposited globules eventually run together into one drop, whereas in the former they remain distinct as they increase in size and eventually take on the flattened form.

Telocytes in Different Organs of Vertebrates: Potential Essence Cells of the Meridian in Chinese Traditional Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yonghong ◽  
Wu Ruizhi ◽  
Zhang Yue ◽  
Bai Xuebing ◽  
Imran Tarique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Traditional Medicine ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
Structural Analogues ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are very long, non-neuronal, somatic cells whose function is widely believed to be involved in providing connections between different cells within the body. The cellular characteristics of TCs in various organs have been studied by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in different vertebrate species, and here we investigate the proposed properties of these cells in the context of the “meridian” in Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM). The results show that TCs and their long extensions, telopodes (Tps) develop a complicated network by homo- and heterocellular junctions in the connective tissue throughout the body, which can connect the skin with distant organs. In concept, this is the analogue of ancient meridian maps connecting skin acupoints with the viscera. Various active cells and extracellular vesicles including exosomes move along Tps, which, along with developed mitochondria within the podoms of Tps, may account for the structural evidence for “Qi” (vital energy and signal communication) in CTM. Morphological associations of TCs with the nerve, vascular, endocrine, and immune systems are also compatible with previously proposed meridian theories in CTM. Close relationships exist between TCs and collagen fiber bundles and some structures in skin fascia provide the microanatomical support for acupuncture treatment based on the meridian principle. The dynamicity in the distribution and structure of TCs reflects the plasticity of the meridian at the cellular level. As the same attribute, both the meridian and the TC have been associated with various diseases. Here, we summarize structural analogues between the TC and the meridian, suggesting that TCs have the cytological characteristics of the CTM meridian. We, therefore, hypothesize that TCs are the “essence cells” of the CTM meridian, which can connect and integrate different cells and structures in the connective tissue.

An Ultrastructural Study of Pericytes

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
E. von Haam
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capillary Blood Vessel ◽  
Outer Plasma Membrane

Pericytes are vascular satellites present around capillary blood vessels and small venules. They have been observed in almost every tissue of the body and are thought to be related to vascular smooth muscle cells. Morphologically pericytes have great similarity to vascular endothelial cells and also slightly resemble myoepithelial cells.The present study describes the ultrastructural morphology of pericytes in normal breast tissue and in benign tumor of the breast. The study showed that pericytes are ovoid or elongated cells separated from the endothelial cell of the capillary blood vessel by the basement membrane of endothelial cell. The nuclei of pericytes are often very distinctive. Although some are round, oval, or elongated, others show marked irregularity and infolding of the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm shows mono-or bipolar extension in which the cytoplasmic organelles are located (Fig. 1). These cytoplasmic extensions embrace the capillary blood vessel incompletely. The plasma membrane exhibits multiple areas of focal condensation called hemidesmosomes (Fig. 2, arrow). A variable number of pinocytotic vesicles are frequently seen lining the outer plasma membrane. Normally pericytes are surrounded by a basement membrane which is found more consistently on the outer plasma membrane separating the pericytes from the stromal connective tissue.

Current Scientific Considerations in Regard to Defining a “Silicone Syndrome”/Disease and the Formation of Silica from Silicone

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Todhunter ◽  
Michael G. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Silicone Implants ◽  
Augmentation Mammoplasty ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Whether the constellation of various symptoms reported in various case-study reports on some patients who have had augmentation mammoplasty with silicone implants reflects a distinct, novel “silicone syndrome”or disease is important to settingproper endpoints for the epidemiological study of this patient population. To date, epidemiology studies on breast implant patients have focused on end-points which are typical of connective tissue disease, rheumatoid disease, and/ or autoimmune disorders. The consensus at this time, as was recently stated in a paper authored by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) personnel, is that the weight of the evidence from existing epidemiology studies is that silicone breast implants do not appreciably, if at all, increase the risk of these types of diseases. Critics of the epidemiology database have countered that had the analysis of association in these studies been done for a “silicone syndrome,” as opposed to the disease types which were analyzed, an association between silicone breast implantation and increased risk of “silicone syndrome” would have been observed. In the present analysis, this question is approached from two directions: First, the available single or multi-patient case reports available in the open literature were evaluated. The objective was to define those symptoms/ complaints that were reported in all studies or in at least 50% of the patients reported and to assign frequency distributions to individual symptoms or complaints reported in breast implant patients presenting for various complaints. By definition, if a “silicone syndrome” exists, then it can only be characterized by those symptoms or complaints which appear with regular frequency in patients so afflicted. Second, the symptoms or complaints which were used as criteria in the existing epidemiology studies were correlated with their frequency of occurrence among single or multi-patient case-reported breast implant patients. The working hypothesis in this present study is that if the number of “silicone syndrome” symptoms or complaints that also are symptoms of the existing epidemiology endpoints is large, then a distinct “silicone syndrome” is not likely to exist, and it can be concluded that existing epidemiology studies have adequately addressed the relevant issues. Also, to the extent that the frequency of symptom occurrence in “silicone syndrome” is similar to the distribution seen for known connective tissue, rheumatoid, and/ or autoimmune diseases, this will then add to the weight of evidence that no distinct “silicone syndrome” needs be postulated. Conversely, if a different set of symptoms or complaints occurs in silicone breast-implanted patients than is seen in patients with connective tissue diseases, this will argue that a distinct syndrome may exist. In the present study, the more recent suggestion that silicone may be broken down to silica in the body, and evidence for and against this suggestion are also discussed. The present analysis does not support the contention that a distinct “silicone syndrome” exists, but does support the contention that the disease endpoints used in existing epidemiology studies are adequate for examining the patient population. Also, consideration of the chemistry of silicone and its potential hydrolysis or oxidative cleavage indicates that if such reactions occur in the body at any significant rate, the product will be silicic acid, a normal and necessary constituent of the body, and not silica (i.e., silicon dioxide).

Memoirs: Peristalsis in the Malpighian Tubules of Diptera, Preliminary Account: with a note on the Elimination of Calcium Carbonate from the Malpighian Tubules of Drosophila Funebris

1925 ◽  
Vol s2-69 (275) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Author(s):  
L. EASTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Adult Drosophila

1. The proximal regions of the Malpighian tubules of Drosopbila funebris and Calliphora erythro cephala are supplied with systems of circular and longitudinal muscles external to the basement membrane. 2. These muscles are continuous with those of the mid-gut. 3. There is a terminal muscle to each anterior tubule in Drosophila funebris connected to the alar muscles of the pericardial septum. 4. Peristalsis has been observed in the proximal regions of the tubules, caused by the circular muscles. 5. The tubules exhibit a waving movement, probably due to the longitudinal muscle-bands of the lower or proximal ends of the tubules. 6. Calcium carbonate is stored in the terminal portions of the anterior tubules of Drosophila funebris. 7. This calcium carbonate is not eliminated at the beginning of metamorphosis, but is passed to the gut about the sixth day of pupal life, and is only expelled from the body on the emergence of the adult. 8. Calcium carbonate is found in the Malpighian tubules of the adult Drosophila funebris.

Chronicle

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Reaction ◽  
Fight Against Cancer

The fight against cancer that has already appeared in the body should be aimed not only at destroying the tumor itself, but also at strengthening the protective reaction of the connective tissue.

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