Surplus yearlings and the regulation of breeding density in blue grouse

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Zwickel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Removal Experiment ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus

An experiment in which yearlings of both sexes of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus) were removed from breeding range showed that about two times, or more, yearlings of each sex were identified here as compared with a nearby control area, though numbers of "surplus" yearlings varied among years. The removal of large numbers of yearlings from the experimental area did not reduce breeding density, except ephemerally in 1 year. Nor did the removal of these birds affect populations in the surrounding area. These data confirm results from earlier studies with blue grouse, that surplus yearlings of both sexes are present on the breeding range. Replacement yearlings of both sexes (those taking the place of birds removed) were able to breed, but those removed sequentially (1974 to 1976) were lighter in body weight than those captured on control areas or those that settled synchronously after a near-total removal experiment in the same area. I infer from these results that some form of behaviour keeps surplus yearlings from settling on the breeding range and that this behaviour is a key mechanism involved in the regulation of breeding density. The important behaviour may involve either yearling–yearling or adult–yearling interactions.

Demography, behavior, and genetics of a colonizing population of blue grouse

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Zwickel ◽  
James A. Redfield ◽  
John Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Starch Gels ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Subsequent Replacement

The demography, behavior, and genetics of a population of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) that colonized an area from which most grouse were removed were compared with those of grouse on a nearby control area. Population density increased on the removal area from 1971 to 1974 but remained essentially stable on the control area. Although there were some differences in survival and reproductive rates among years and between areas, none appeared related to the experimental removal and subsequent replacement by new founders.No consistent differences in potentially aggressive behavior were observed between birds in the two populations. Behavioral differences that occurred were likely related to differences in age structures of the two populations or to the synchronous settling of a cohort of mostly young birds on the experimental area.There was no excess of Ng (Birdsall, α., J. A. Redfield, and D. G. Cameron. White bands on starch gels stained for esterase activity; a new polymorphism. Biochem. Genet. 4: 655–658 (1970)) homozygotes among recruits to the experimental area, in contrast with Redfield's (Demography and genetics in colonizing populations of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus). Evolution, 27(4): 576–592 (1974)) report of such an excess among birds colonizing new habitat.The increase in the population on the experimental area compared with the control area must have resulted from an increased recruitment of yearlings. No clear evidence was found that this increase was related to qualitative differences between stocks on the two areas.

Factors affecting the return of young blue grouse to breeding range

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Zwickel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
East Central ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus

From 1969 to 1976, 1958 juvenile blue grouse, Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus, were marked with patagial wing tags and(or) leg bands in east-central Vancouver Island. Return and(or) recovery records from these birds in their 2nd year of life or greater indicate no significant differences among annual cohorts, between sexes, by time of hatch, by body weight at hatch, or by age of maternal parent (yearling or adult). However, a difference in the returns of smaller and larger chicks at time of hatch approached significance (smaller, least). There was a constant and significant increase in rate of return of chicks first marked at from 1 to 10 weeks of age.

Anthropometric comparison of muscular and obese men

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Leonard Taylor ◽  
Albert R. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Minimal Time ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Special Apparatus ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
D Values

Body weight is frequently too gross as a reference base for physiologic parameters. Adequate techniques are available to measure such components as water and fat, but these procedures are time consuming and require special apparatus. The high correlation, however, between anthropometric circumferences, stature, and body weight makes possible a partition of weight into components, W( A) and W( B). In obese men it can be shown that the “trunk” W( A) component greatly exceeds the weight of W( B) referable chiefly to the extremities. In athletes, W( B) exceeds W( A). The average of W( A) and W( B) closely approximates body weight. From the anthropometric perimeters it is possible to calculate d values which can be used to construct a somatogram to provide quantitative representation of bodily configuration. The technique for procurement of the anthropometric data can be carried out on large numbers of individuals in minimal time and requires only a tape measure. Submitted on April 28, 1961

scholarly journals Community-based Oral Health Education Program in a Rural Population of Haryana: A 25 years Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Amrit Tewari ◽  
Utkal Mohanty ◽  
Ashima Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Health Education Program ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Experimental Area

ABSTRACT Background An Indian Council of medical Research (ICMR) task force project was started in 1985 covering a population of 120,000 of Raipur Rani block of Haryana to study the feasibility of implementation of oral health promotion and prevention in the community and in the schools by utilizing existing manpower at different sectors. Objectives (i) To evaluate the long-term role of healthcare workers in imparting primary preventive strategies of oral health to adult community (ii) To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community regarding oral health. Methodology A total of 600 households (300 in experimental block and 300 in control block) were included by stratified random sampling method depending on the distance from Community Health centre of Raipur Rani to assess KAP and Caries activity among the population. Results The use of toothbrush as an oral hygiene method is being practiced by 96.6% of population in the experimental area compared to 84% in the control population where no oral health promotion activity was carried out. A great variation was seen in the frequency of its usage; 56% of the population in experimental area brushes twice per day compared to 7% of control area. According to the present data, 80% of the population in the experimental area is aware about the etiology, progress and consequences of gum diseases due to continuous oral health education delivered by the trained health staff during their routine beat program. In the control area where no oral health program was implemented, this knowledge was seen in 22 to 35% of the population. Conclusion In a developing country like India there is a pressing need of community-based oral health programs to reduce the burden of oral diseases, improve quality of life and reduce out of pocket expenditure incurring toward treatment of these diseases. How to cite this article Goyal A, Gauba K, Mohanty U, Tewari A. Community-based Oral Health Education Program in a Rural Population of Haryana: A 25 years Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(3):101-104.

The financial benefits of improved street lighting, based on crime reduction

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A Painter ◽  
David P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Crime Reduction ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
One Year

Two research projects were carried out to investigate the effects of improved street lighting on crime in Dudley and Stoke-on-Trent. In Dudley, crimes decreased by 41% in the experimental area, compared with a 15% decrease in a control area. In Stoke, crimes decreased by 43% in the experimental area and by 45% in two adjacent areas, compared with a decrease of only 2% in two control areas. In the two projects, the financial savings (from reduced crimes) exceeded the financial costs by between 2.4 and 10 times after one year. It is concluded that improved street lighting can be extremely cost-effective.

Induction of precocious sexual development in female pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Funk ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Ovarian Maturation ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Acceleration of ovarian maturation was achieved in immature pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) with injections of chinook (spring) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gonadotropin alone, and in combination with estradiol 17β. Oocytes containing yolk globules were evident in fish treated three times per week with 1.0 μg/g body weight salmon gonadotropin in combination with 1.5 μg/g body weight estradiol 17β for 126 days. After 168 days they were also seen in salmon treated with the same dosage of salmon gonadotropin alone. Estradiol 17β alone, at a dosage of 15 μg/g body weight, or in combination with salmon gonadotropin, inhibited vitellogenesis. Formation of oocytes 2 mm in diameter required [Formula: see text] months of treatment with 1.0 μg/g body weight salmon gonadotropin in combination with 1.5 μg/g body weight estradiol 17β, and 9 months of injections with 1.0 μg/g body weight gonadotropin alone. Few large yolky oocytes were developed by any of the treatments. Large numbers of preovulatory corpora atretica were observed in all treated fish.Only a small amount of histochemically demonstrable Δ5-3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was present in ovaries from pink or chinook salmon juveniles treated for 3 months with various dosages of salmon gonadotropin.

Spatial Patterns of Yearling Male Blue Grouse and Their Relation to Recruitment into the Breeding Population

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Jamieson ◽  
Fred C. Zwickel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Occupied Territories

Abstract Movements of yearling male Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) were monitored by radio telemetry during the springs of 1980 and 1981, on Hardwicke Island, British Columbia. The locations of the birds were clumped around territories of adult males. Most birds were associated with a few occupied territories, others settled near vacant sites that had been used as territories in previous years, and a few moved widely over the breeding range. Some territories attracted more yearlings than others. Presumed costs and benefits that may be associated with different types of spatial patterns of yearling males are discussed.

The efficiency of utilization of grass by lactating ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
D. A. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Ridgman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Large Numbers

1. A study of grazing intake and efficiency was carried out on eighty-one ewes suckling twin lambs during early lactation.2. A method of estimating comparative grazing intake is described involving the administration of Cr2O3 and sampling from the pasture with the minimum of labour. The results indicated that reasonable precision was achieved with a method suitable for studying large numbers of animals. 3. The efficiency of production of lamb up to 5 weeks of age was not associated with the body weight of the ewe nor with the wither height. It was, however, negatively associated with grass intake by the ewe and to some extent with the gain in body weight by the ewe during lactation. Only in two of the four experiments was efficiency associated with lamb production up to 5 weeks.

An experimental evaluation of the short-term effects of trawling on infaunal assemblages of the coast off southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lívio Prantoni ◽  
Paulo da Cunha Lana ◽  
Leonardo Sandrini-Neto ◽  
Orlei Antônio Negrello Filho ◽  
Verônica Maria de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Experimental Area

Bottom trawling is a large-scale fishing activity along the Brazilian coast, but its effects on benthic infauna are still poorly known. This is the first experimental evaluation of benthic responses to bottom trawling along the Brazilian coast. We tested the effects of trawling on macroinfaunal assemblages on the inner continental shelf off Paraná (southern Brazil) by using a sampling design with adjacent trawl and control areas. We hypothesized that if trawl fishing has a negative effect then we should expect lower numbers of species and lower benthic densities after an experimental trawling. Sampling was conducted at adjacent sites within each area to minimize confounding due to spatial variation. Five sites were sampled at a control, and five at an experimental area for infaunal and sedimentological variables. Sampling was carried out just before and one hour after experimental trawling. Multidimensional scaling followed by a PERMANOVA did not show any clear variation tendencies in the structure of the benthic assemblages in the impacted area before and after trawling. However, variance analysis showed a significant and unexpected increase in infaunal total density, in the density of the numerically dominant species (except for the polychaetes Capitella sp. and Loandalia tricuspis) and in species richness in the experimental area. Conversely, no significant variations were recorded in the control area. We suggest that the overall increase in benthic density after a disturbance is correlated with the reworking of the sediment matrix and benefits the suspension-feeders after sediment resuspension.

scholarly journals Oltar Sv. Jeronima u crkvi Sv. Šime u Zadru i radionica Bettamelli

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Bojan Goja
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Venetian Republic ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Based on the book, the full title of which is Registro delle Administrationi de Signori Governatori di San Gerolimo della Nation Oltramarinna in Dalmatia et Albania, this paper discusses the altar of St Jerome in the church of St Simeon at Zadar. It is already known that the altar was commissioned and maintained by the confraternity of Croatian and Albanian soldiers (Croatti a cavallo and Soldati Albanesi) founded in 1675 at Zadar, who were in the service of the Venetian Republic. New archival research has established that on 26 September 1694 the confraternity authorized the expense of 200 silver ducats intended for two Venetian carvers, the Bettamelli brothers, as a down payment for the making of the altar. The work on the altar began in April 1696 and several local master craftsmen took part in it: Zanotti, Rodo and Radičić, as well as smith Rosini. Since the Bettameli brothers, the makers of the altar of St Jerome, are not mentioned in the records by their first names, it should be noted that an altar-maker of the name of Alberto Bettamelli from Venice was responsible for the construction of the high altar and its tabernacle in the cathedral of St Maurus at Maniago (Friuli), as we learn from a contract made in 1693. Alberto Bettamelli also made the tabernacle in the parish church at Marsure (Aviano, Friuli). Bortolo Betamelli (Bettamelli), a tagliapietra, is mentioned between 1646 and 1682 in the ledgers containing contracts of apprenticeship to various sculptors, stone-cutters and carvers kept by the Giustizia Vecchia, a magistracy which supervised the activities of Venetian guilds. Two tabernacles have been attributed to the Bettamelli workshop: one on the high altar of the parish church at Maniago Libero (Maniago, Friuli) of 1694, and one in the parish church at Provesano (Friuli). Based on the records about the construction of the altar of St Jerome, it can be suggested that the coat of arms (composed of a cartouche with a shield emblazoned with a left-facing rampant lion and the initials C.C.S.F. above) depicted on the east pillar of the altar base, previously linked to the members of the Civran family, refers to Šimun Fanfogna (Zadar, 7 April 1663 - Lendinara, 6 March 1707), a Zadar nobleman and distinguished commander in the Venetian army who was the caretaker of the altar. The altar of St Jerome together with the surrounding area inside the church aisle - also called the chapel of St Jerome - represented an isolated unit delineated by a balustraded rail which could be used separately from the rest of the church, on certain occasions and festivities, by the members of the confraternity as well as the representatives of local and regional Venetian government at Zadar, and ecclesiastical and other dignitaries. Numerous works on the decoration of the altar and chapel of St Jerome were carried out throughout the whole of the eighteenth century and large numbers of local craftsmen skilled in different arts were engaged in them. Over a number of years, the Registro mentions the builders Antonio Piovesana (1742) and Antonio Bernardini (1789), the altar-maker Girolamo Picco (1756), the marangon Domenico Tomaselli (1743), blacksmith Antonelli (1744) and the goldsmiths Zorzi Cullisich (1738), Nicolò Giurovich (1752) and Giuseppe (Josip) Rado (1755). A number of other interesting pieces of information concerning the decoration of the altar and the activity of the confraternity of St Jerome is also presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document